Parts of earlier forms of these essays were published as Chapter 18
in Gary K. Clabaugh & Edward G. Rozycki Understanding Schools: the foundations of education
1990 New York. Harper & Rowe.

Five Essays: Causation in Teaching and Learning
©2000 NewFoundations

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edited 12/5/03

Causal Fallacies in Teaching and Learning
Ambiguities in the concepts of teaching and learning support various fallacies in reasoning with the concepts.

Models of Learning

Learning as process vs. product is discussed. Basic assumptions about learning are articulated. Character formation, gain in understanding and skills acquisition are models of learning the preference for which depends on cultural and other contexts.


Models of Teaching

Basic assumptions about teaching are articulated and examined. Models of teaching from a variety of traditions are identified: telling, initiating,training and nurturing.

Can Morality Be Taught?

Is virtue acquired by teaching or by practice, or if neither by teaching nor practice, then does it come to man by nature, or in some other way? Ascriptive and summative learnings are distinguished and contrasted.

Teaching, Learning Models and School Image

The image of the school, Temple, Factory or Public Arena, one entertains determines the causal relationships believed to obtain between teaching and learning.

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