This list is pretty comprehensive, even reflecting a couple of improvements in my gear since 1998.

Camping, cooking, and food

Item Acceptable alternative Comments
Sleeping bag, North Face Blue Kazoo (down, 2.5 lbs) Synthetic This bag allows you to shift the down to the top or bottom. Being too hot is the usual problem with camping in summer.
Therma-rest pad, 3/4 length ultralight Ensolite, etc. This, their lightest model, is plenty comfortable.
Camping pillow Spare clothes A fleece garment makes a fine pillow
Tent, Eureka Zephyr Any decent backpacking tent $100 buys a fine backpacing tent.
Therma-rest chair Optional Converts Therma-rest matress into a chair.
Stove, MSR Whisperlite Any backpacking stove Touring solo, I generally eat out. Someday I'm going to take a tour without cooking gear.
Stove fuel   I've always been able to get a little Coleman fuel from someone in a campground, but everyone seems to be going to propane nowadays.
Lighter and matches    
Water sack Optional This is a nylon sack with a polyurethane liner, holding over 2 gallons. Use it as a little shower, so you don't have to go to ged coated with a layer of sunscreen, salt, and dust.
Cook kit $10 nonstick saucepan Mine is 2 teflon-coated aluminum saucepans and 1 lid.
Plastic coffee cup    
Spatula    
Flatware   Lightweight camping stuff
Dish soap   Use it for hand-washing laundry too.
Scouring pad    
Basin Optional A recent addition, this is a collapsible vinyl (I guess) basin I got at REI. Use for doing laundry. My cook kit nestles right inside it.
Rope   For clothesline, tent guylines, etc.
Thermarest repair kit   Never needed it, but...
Sleeping bag liner Optional Cotton mummy bag liner. Keeps sleeping bag clean. On warm nights just sleep in the liner, on top of the bag.
Ziplock bags   Take extras. The big 2-gallon ones make perfect pannier liners.
Coffee   I love good coffee but I will suffer instant, since I usually eat breakfast in a cafe anyway.
Cooking oil    
Spices   I took 20 film cans of spices once, but now I just take salt, pepper, sugar, a dried Italian spice blend, dill weed, maybe some curry powder.
2 dried meals   For emergencies
Tobasco   According to my touring buddy Park, who learned it in the Marines, Tobasco makes any meal palatable.
Snack food   Bagels and peanut butter, usually.
Bike cover Optional Allows me to leave panniers on the bike at night, almost a necessity with a 1-man tent.

 

Bike Gear and Tools

Item Acceptable alternative Comments
Leatherman 6 inch channellocks You should have some kind of pliers.
Gear cluster removal tool   Spokes almost always break on the gear cluster side. You must be able to remove the cluster, or carry special emergency spokes that can be inserted without removing the cluster.
Chain tool   Never needed it, but...
Tire boots Optional Keeps you going if you slash a tire
Oil    
Hex wrenches (3, 4, 5, 6 mm)   Take what you need. Don't rely on one of those combo tools - their hex wrenches are often weird little protrusions that don't fit in the space available.
Crescent wrench, 4 inch   I love this little thing.
Frame pump    
Water bottles, 3   2 is enough on some tours; 4 may be required on others.
Vistalight   Flashing LED taillight. In case you ever ride after dark.
Headlight   Cateye 4-AA model.
Lock and cable Optional I carry a fairly light cable and lock, enough to prevent someone from walking away with my bike, and sleep better because of it.
Air gauge Optional I believe in proper inflation, but many folks do this by feel.
Zip ties    
Tape    
Nylon straps   Or whatever you need to fasten your load.
Little nylon strap   Simple yet helpful, it serves the purpose of a kickstand. Wrap it around your down tube and front rim and you can lean your bike on anything. Loaded touring bikes fall over easily.

 

Spare Parts

Item Acceptable alternative Comments
Inner tubes (2), tire levers, patch kit   By the way, practice fixing a flat before you go. Do it out on the road.
Spare tire Optional You might omit this if travelling in an area with plentiful bike shops.
Cables, gear and brake, 1 each   Long enough to replace your longest. Just roll up any extra. Cut off the end you don't need.
Nuts and bolts   Should a water bottle or rack mount shake loose, be prepared.
Spokes, 6 to 10    
Chain link (and any special repair link your chain may need)    

 

Clothing

Bike shorts, 3 pair   Wear clean shorts every day - your anatomy will thank you. If you take only 2 pair, you have to wash one every night, and hope it's not raining the next day so they'll dry. So take 3.
Long underwear or cycling tights Optional  
Sunglasses    
Helmet    
Cycling shoes   ATB shoes with recessed cleats are great.
Gore-text oversocks Optional For spring or fall tours in the mountains.
Sandals I did a 2200 mile tour with only cycling shoes. Teva-type. After-ride footwear; can be worn in showers.
Cycling shirts, 2 Cotton t-shirts Jerseys or quick-drying non-cotton t-shirts, as I now use, are nice.
Cotton t-shirt, 1 Optional. You'll buy one as a souvenir anyway.
Nylon pants with zip-off legs, 1 pair Lightweight khakis Denim is heavy and slow-drying
Bathing suit   I take light nylon running shorts. I don't care for swimming, but I use them when showering in public under the water bag.
Cycling socks, 3 pair    
Long sleeve shirt, nylon no-iron. Any Not essential, but it's nice not to look like a bike tourist once in a while. Some cycle tourists advocate riding in a long-sleeved cotton shirt, even in summer.
Gore-tex jacket Non-Gore-tex jacket A water-repelling windbreaker is sufficient most of the time. I did not have a Gore-tex jacket in 1998.
Underpants, 2 pair   Apres-cycling apparel.
Wool socks Optional  

 

Miscellaneous

Zip o gauge Optional Little thermometer
Compass    
Swiss Army Knife Any knife For cooking and many other things.
Journal, pens Optional  
Flashlight   Mini-mag light with headband. A headlamp is very handy. The bike headlight is too bright for in-tent use.
Camera Optional The 1998 tour pictures were shot with an Olympus Stylus zoom 35-70, on Fujicolor 100. It developed a light leak (and so did my friend's) so I now use a Minolta with 28-80 zoom. 28 mm is a standard wide-angle, good for scenic shots.
Tripod Optional A 4-ounce folding mini-tripod, helpful on a solo trip.
Waist pack Optional This is my purse.
Sunglasses    
Watch Optional  
Wallet, keys, travelers checks   ATM's are now ubiquitous. A few travelers checks for emergencies.
Maps   Get maps that show county and secondary roads.
Cotton handkerchiefs, 2   It surprised me how much I enjoyed having handkerchiefs. It's nice to have a clean piece of cotton to wipe your eyes, if nothing else. They weigh nothing, so why not?
Medicines   Ibuprofen, antihistamines, any special medicines you need.
Balms   Lip balm, sunscreen, vaseline, hand lotion, insect repellent
Earplugs   Camping spots can be noisy
First aid kit   Buy one or make your own.
Pak-Towel Cotton hand towel Don't take a huge bath towel.
Toiletries   Toothbrush, toothpaste, floss, toilet paper, shampoo, razor, shaving cream, soap, hair brush.
Needle and thread