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A heart attack or acute myocardial infarction (MI) occurs when one of the
arteries that supplies the heart muscle becomes blocked. Blockage may be caused by spasm of the artery or by
atherosclerosis with acute clot formation. The blockage results in damaged
tissue and a permanent loss of contraction of this portion of the heart muscle.
Symptoms of a Possible Heart Attack
While some heart attacks are sudden and severe, according to the
American Heart Association, most heart attacks start slowly, with mild pain
and discomfort. The danger is that you may not know what is wrong and may wait too long.
-
Discomfort or heaviness in the center of the chest that
lasts several minutes, or
that goes away and returns — it can feel like
an uncomfortable pressure, squeezing, fullness or pain.
- Pain or discomfort radiating to one
or both arms, the back, neck, jaw or stomach.
- Shortness of breath, with or without chest discomfort.
- Breaking out in a cold sweat, nausea, vomiting, dizziness or lightheadedness.
- Rapid or irregular heartbeats or
extreme weakness.
- Fullness, indigestion or choking feeling (may feel like
heartburn).
The
most common heart attack symptom for men is chest pain or
discomfort, but women are more likely to
experience some of the other common symptoms, particularly
shortness of
breath, nausea and vomiting, and back or jaw pain.
If you or someone you're with has chest discomfort, especially if
experiencing one or more of the other signs, DO NOT wait longer than a few
minutes (no more than 5 minutes) before calling 911 and/or getting to a
hospital right away. If it is you, DO NOT DRIVE YOURSELF unless you have no
other option.
Calling 911 is usually the fastest way to get lifesaving treatment since
emergency medical services (EMS) staff can begin treatment as soon they arrive,
and they are equipped and trained to revive someone whose heart has stopped.
You'll also get faster treatment at the hospital when you arrive by ambulance.
Female Heart Attacks
A woman may never experience chest pain, the typical
sign of a "male" heart attack. Many doctors — and women themselves — still look
for chest pain and don’t realize that female heart attack symptoms can look very
different than those of men. In fact, according to a 2004 study of women’s early
heart attack signs published in Circulation, women have more unrecognized
heart attacks than men and are more likely to be “mistakenly diagnosed and
discharged from emergency departments” with indigestion, gastrointestinal
problems, arthritis, pulled muscles, anxiety or hypochondria.
Women also face longer delays than men in being
evaluated, treated, and admitted for heart attack care in emergency rooms than
men (30 minutes vs. 20 minutes for men) and women diagnosed with having had a
heart attack tend to be managed less aggressively and have a poorer prognosis
than men. Is it any wonder that heart attacks are the number one killer of
women?
Symptoms of female heart attacks:
-
A feeling of indigestion and gas-like pain, or
upper abdominal pressure
-
Extreme fatigue
-
Nausea, dizziness, vomiting and/or fainting
-
Shortness of breath, unexplained fatigue or
sudden weakness, or pressure in the lower chest
-
Discomfort or pain in the back, especially
between the shoulder blades, or jaw pain
-
Recurring chest discomfort
Possible warning signs that a heart attack may be
coming:
-
About six weeks before an actual heart attack,
women are likely to experience shortness of breath, unexplained fatigue or
stomach pain — an early warning sign of a blocked artery.
-
A family history of cardiovascular disease, high
blood pressure, high cholesterol and/or type 2 diabetes — causes extreme
fatigue
-
Frequently gasping for breath for no reason or
exertion — sometimes mistaken for an anxiety attack
-
On the day of an attack, these symptoms can
appear during rest or even awaken a woman from sleep, and they’re much
worse.
If having heart attack symptoms, dial 911 right away for an ambulance to take
you to the emergency room. Do not waste time trying to reach your doctor. When
you come into the emergency room with the [cardiac] monitor hooked up, you’re
taken seriously.
Wait no more than 5 minutes. Getting immediate and appropriate care is
the single most important thing you can do to lessen the damage from a heart
attack. Most women are reluctant to call 911, which could cost precious time in
saving heart muscle. Since symptoms may come and go leading up to an attack, a
woman may put off calling, thinking this too will pass, or might be embarrassed
if it is not a heart attack after all. Others may not appreciate the seriousness
of the situation, either.
When you reach the emergency room, simply describe
your symptoms. DO NOT offer your thoughts about what it might be. Just tell them
how you feel. And if it doesn't occur to the emergency room staff that you may
be having a heart attack, tell them that you think you are having one and insist
on an EKG to rule out a heart attack, especially if you have risk factors like a
family history of cardiovascular disease, high blood pressure, high cholesterol
and/or type 2 diabetes.
To read the entire article, click on
http://www.webmd.com/heart-disease/features/her-guide-to-a-heart-attack.
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