Properties of Selected Fibres

Density (gcm-3) Longitudinal Tensile Modulus E1 (GPa) Transverse Tensile Modulus E2 (GPa) Poisson’s ratio n12 Shear Mudulus G12 (GPa) Longitudinal Tensile Strength s (MPa) Longitudinal Thermal Expansion a1 (10-6 K-1) Transverse Thermal Expansion a2 (10-6 K-1) Heat Resistance °C Cost $/kg Glass 2.45 71 71 0.22 30 3500 5 5   0.70 PBT 1.58 320       3100       15.00 Kevlar (49) Kevlar (29) 1.47 154 61 4.2 0.35 2.9 2800 -4 54 550 450 4.50 PE (Spectra) PE (Dyneema) 0.97 0.975 66-1241 115       2300-32502 3500 - -12   150 12.00 PBO Zylon AS PBO Zylon HM 1.54 1.56 180 270       5800 -6   650 15.00 Graphite (AS) 1.75 224 14 0.2 14 2100 -1 10   7.00 Graphite (HMS) 1.94 385 6.3 0.2 7.7 1750 -1 10   8.00 Boron 2.45 420 420 0.2 170 3500 5 5   54.00 SiC 3.2 406 406 0.2 169 3395 5.2 5.2   75.00 Saffil (5%SiO2-Al2O3) 3.3 300 300 0.2 126 1500 5.2 5.2   2.50 Al2O3 3.9 385 385 0.3 154 1400 8.5 8.5   25.00 1Spectra 900 E=66-73GPa; Spectra 1000 E=98-113GPa; Spectra 2000 E=113-124GPa 2Spectra 900 s=2.1-2.6GPa; Spectra 1000 s=2.9-3.25GPa; Spectra 2000 s=2.9-3.5GPa PBT = Poly(p-phenylene-2,6-benzobisthiazole) PE = Gel Spun ultra high molecular weight polyEthylene (Spectra®,Dyneema®) PEN = polyEthylene Napthalate (Pentex® PBO = Poly(p-phenylene-2,6-benzobisoxazole)

Properties of Seleced Matrices

Density (gcm-3) Tensile Modulus E (GPa) Poisson’s ratio n Shear Mudulus G (GPa) Longitudinal Tensile Strength s (MPa) Longitudinal Thermal Expansion a (10-6 K-1) Glass transition melting Point (°C) Cost ($/kg) Epoxy 1.54 3.5 0.33 1.25 60 57.5   8.00 PolyEster 1.38 2.5 0.33 1.2 35   260 2.00 polyVinylEster 1.5 3.0     60   260 (Tmax) 3.00 PolySulfone (pS) 1.25 2.7     106 56 190 (Tg) 14.00 PolyPhenyleneSulfone (pPS) 1.25 4.8     135 56 93 (Tg) 285 (Tm) 14.00 PolyEtherSulfone (pES) 1.37 2.6     129 55 230 (Tg) 14.00 PolyEtherImide (pEI) 1.27 3.3     145 62 217 (Tg) 17.00 PolyAmideImide (pAI) 1.4 4.8     197 63   16.00 polyAmide (nylon) 1.36 2.5     100     6.00 PEEK 1.3 3.6 0.37 1.4 70 45 143 (Tg) 334 (Tm) 18.00 Aluminium 2.71 69 0.32 26 74* 23.6 660 2.00 Titanium 4.51 113.8 0.33   238** 8.4 1670 18.00 Magnesium 1.74 45.5 0.33 7.5 189 26 650 4.00 Borosilicate glass 2.23 63.7 0.21 28 90 3.25   0.50 * Aluminium Alloys such as 2024, 6061 and 7075 can be used as a matrix and can be heat treated to give tensile strengths up to 550 MPa. ** Titanium alloys such as IMI 550, Ti-6Al-4V can be used as matrices and have yield strengths in the range 800 to 1500 MPa. For shear modulus a good approximation is 3/8 of Elastic modulus.