-Monomer Units of Each Organic Compound
-Carbohydrates = monosaccharides
-Proteins = amino acids
-Nucleic Acids = nucleotides
-Lipids = fatty acids + glycerol
-Dehydration Synthesis vs. Hydrolysis
-Dehydration Synthesis
-dehydration = loss of water
-synthesis = to put together
-the formation of a larger molecule from two smaller ones
via the removal of a molecule of water-Hydrolysis
-hydro = water
-lysis =break down / break apart
-the breaking of a larger molecule into two smaller ones
by adding a molecule of water
-How to Quickly Identify an Organic Compound
-Carbohydrates (built from C, H, and O atoms)
-look for a 2:1 ratio of H to O atoms
-look for an "-ose" ending
-the names of most sugars end in "-ose"
-Lipids (built from C, H, and O atoms)
-look for a large molecule with lots of H and O atoms
-no 2:1 ratio will exist
-Proteins (built from C, H, O, and N atoms)
-look for the presence of nitrogen
-look for an "-ase" ending
-the names of most enzymes end in "-ase"
-Nucleic Acids (built from C, H, O, N, and P atoms)
-look for the presence of phosphorous
-Carbohydrate Chemical Indicators
-Benedict's Solution
-gives + test for monosaccharides-test relies on color change
-blue [original color] = - test
-no monosaccharides present in sample
-white, yellow, or green [changed color] = + test
-low levels of monosaccharides are in the sample
-orange [changed color] = + test
-high levels of monosaccharides are in the sample
-Lugol's Iodine
-gives + test for polysaccharides-test relies on color change
-brown-red [original color] = - test
-no polysaccharides present in sample
-blue-black [changed color] = + test
-polysaccharides are in the sample
to more detailed notes
-Chem4Kids
-Luisiania State University
-Edwards-Knox Central School
