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GENES & GENE TECHNOLOGY

Multiple Choice 
Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
 

1. 
In a DNA molecule, which of the following bases pair together?
a.
adenine and cytosine
c.
thymine and guanine
b.
thymine and adenine
d.
cytosine and thymine
 

2. 
DNA
a.
is made up of amino acids.
c.
cannot be repaired if it is mutated.
b.
has a structure like a twisted ladder.
d.
All of the above
 

3. 
In incomplete dominance,
a.
a single gene controls many traits.
b.
genes for a trait are all recessive.
c.
each allele for a trait has its own degree of influence.
d.
the environment controls the genes.
 

4. 
The code for a given amino acid consists of ____ base(s).
a.
one
c.
three
b.
two
d.
four
 

5. 
What materials make up each nucleotide in a DNA molecule?
a.
a gene, an allele, and a trait
c.
chromosomes and genes
b.
a sugar, a phosphate, and a base
d.
an amino acid, a base, and a protein
 

6. 
Most genetic disorders, such as sickle cell anemia, are due to a
a.
pedigree.
c.
dominant gene.
b.
recessive gene.
d.
ribosome.
 

7. 
The complementary strand to the DNA sequence TAGTCA would be
a.
ATGAGT.
c.
GTAGAT.
b.
GACAGT.
d.
ATCAGT.
 

8. 
The images that Rosalind Franklin created suggested that DNA has a(n) ____ shape.
a.
circular
c.
X
b.
spiral
d.
tubular
 

9. 
In a DNA strand, the sides of the "ladder" are made of
a.
sugar molecules.
b.
phosphate molecules.
c.
nucleotide bases.
d.
alternating sugar and phosphate molecules.
 

10. 
In a DNA strand, the rungs of the "ladder" are made of
a.
sugar molecules.
b.
phosphate molecules.
c.
nucleotide bases.
d.
alternating sugar and phosphate molecules.
 

11. 
What would the complementary strand of DNA be for the sequence of bases ACCTAGTTG?
a.
CAAGCTGGT
c.
GTTCGACCA
b.
TGGATCAAC
d.
ACCTAGTTG
 

12. 
A red snapdragon flower crossing with a white snapdragon flower and producing a pink snapdragon flower is an example of
a.
incomplete dominance.
b.
one gene influencing many traits.
c.
many genes influencing one trait.
d.
environmental influences on your genes.
 

13. 
The "factory" through which the "protein assembly line" is fed is the
a.
cell wall.
c.
nucleus.
b.
ribosome.
d.
cell membrane.
 

14. 
An original base sequence of DNA, AAACCCGGG, changes to AAACACGGG. This mutation is known as a(n)
a.
deletion.
c.
substitution.
b.
insertion.
d.
omission.
 

15. 
If a mutation occurs in the DNA of ____ cells, it can be passed from one generation to the next.
a.
brain
c.
heart
b.
sex
d.
muscle
 

16. 
If a change occurs in a base sequence of a DNA, it might cause a different ____ to be substituted in a protein.
a.
nucleic acid
c.
amino acid
b.
enzyme
d.
ribosome
 

17. 
A disease that occurs when a child inherits a defective gene from parents who do not suffer from the disease is a(n) ____ disorder.
a.
obsessive
c.
regressive
b.
recessive
d.
intensive
 

18. 
In a pedigree, a half-filled square or circle indicates that the person
a.
does not have a certain trait.
c.
has a certain trait.
b.
is a carrier of a certain trait.
d.
has the disease.
 

19. 
Suppose your sister was born with cystic fibrosis. This means that
a.
your biological mother carried the recessive gene.
b.
your biological father carried the recessive gene.
c.
you might carry the gene.
d.
All of the above
 

20. 
How many amino acids does the DNA sequence ACCTAGTTGACC code for?
a.
1
c.
6
b.
4
d.
12
 

Completion
Complete each sentence or statement.
 

21. 
A protein is a long string of ____________________. A strand of DNA is a long string of ____________________. (amino acids or nucleotides, amino acids or nucleotides)
 

 

22. 
A disorder, such as cystic fibrosis, is known as ____________________ if the child must receive an allele for the disease from each parent in order to have the disease. (dominant or recessive)
 

 

23. 
A change in the order of bases in DNA is called a ____________________. (mutation or mutagen)
 

 

24. 
Genes are composed of subunits known as ____________________. (ribosomes or nucleotides)
 

 

25. 
Chargaff's rules state that the amount of ____________________ in DNA is always equal to the amount of guanine. (cytosine or adenine)
 

 

26. 
Watson and Crick concluded that DNA resembles a twisted ladder shape known as a ____________________.
 

 

27. 
When an extra base is added to an organism's DNA, the mutation is known as an ____________________.
 

 

28. 
When one base replaces another base, the mutation is known as a ____________________.
 

 

29. 
Each group of three bases codes for one ____________________.
 

 

30. 
Substitutions, insertions, and deletions are types of ____________________.
 

 



 
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