Sponsored by Decentralist-Federalists for Constitutional Subsidiarity, a Division of Home Rule Globally
A 501[c][3] nonprofit. All Board Members must be members of Abington Monthly Meeting of the Religious Society of Friends.
The Galakzian Proposal for a Supra-National Constitution serves an educational purpose unless, prior to 2007, it is ratified by at least 100 nations, including the 5P nations; that is, China, Russia, France, UK, and USA, members of Security Council.
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Copyright May 3, 1999
An adequate transformation involves apparently conflicting aspirations.
World government and neighborhood empowerment are two apparently conflicting aspirations which should both be sought if humanity seeks to decelerate the rate of extermination of species. If a Proposal for a Supra-National Federation is to be ratified, it must be sufficiently decentralist to satisfy the most isolationist of the nations needed for starting such federation. True empowerment of neighborhoods is not attainable in those neighborhoods in which consumerism stimulates apathy about neighbors. True neighborhood empowerment cannot evolve where the political dissidents campaign for violent overthrow of governments. Galakzians seek to stimulate acquaintanceship groups to adequately discuss what kind of local projects might be achieved notwithstanding all of the hurdles imposed by the abundance of remote bureaucracies. Publicizing such local achievements does more to promote decentralist-federalism than a full-page ad pleading for world government. World problems are so extremely complex and interrelated and misunderstood that many sessions of discussions within acquaintenceship groups promote decentralist-federalism more than injecting a plank about nuclear disarmament into the platform of a political party. When a local acquaintenceship group conducts many sessions of such discussions about galaxial problems, such is called retribalizing by Galakzians. This exemplifies “local concern for global problems”. Remote bureaucrats seek to be ignored through “Think Globally. Act Locally”
Home Rule Globally promotes decentralist-federalism by administering the Competitive Ratification Contest, so that all nations could endorse or reject each of a plurality of Proposals for a constitution for a Supra-National Federation, not knowing which Proposal would win the contest by being the first to obtain ratifications from a Power Triad, that is, nations constituting 2/3 of the military power, 2/3 of the population power, and 2/3 of the economic power. Currently the Power Triad requirement thus implies ratification by the 5P nations, the 5 Permanent Members of the Security Council, that is, China, Russia, France, UK and USA, plus ratification by some additional nations. Someday the Power Triad requirement might be met omitting at least one of the 5P nations. Dr. Douglas Everingham, former Minister of Health in Australia, has loaned the use of his name as the Global Coordinator Candidate for the Earth Constitution. A nation might be willing to risk ratifying the Earth Constitution if it were scheduled to function only after meeting the Power Triad requirements but be unwilling to risk ratification if it might start functioning when only 29 other nations ratified it. Other constitutional Proposals having eminent Global Coordinator Candidates can seek to have such constitutions ratified through the Competitive Ratification Service if the constitutions effectively abolish national militarism and if no federation would be established until meeting the Power Triad requirement. Scores of nations might ratify dozens of constitutional Proposals without achieving Ratification Day for any of them because of the Power Triad requirement. Data relating to what features stimulated rejection or ratification would aid future formulators of Proposals for a Supra-National Federation. Endorsing or rejecting a Global Coordinator Candidate is a simplified ceremony for ratifying or rejecting the constitutional Proposal with which he/she is identified. Each endorsement of a Global Coordinator Candidate would be very different from ratifying a treaty. Each such endorsement would be substantially the equivalent of amending its national constitution to join a proposed Supra-National Federation if, but only if, such Proposal won the Competitive Ratification Contest by being the first to achieve ratifications meeting the Power Triad requirement.
Home Rule Globally is also promoting such Competitive Ratification Contest by initially sponsoring an experiment known as the Galakzian Proposal using the pseudonym “Mary Smith” as the name for the Global Coordinator Candidate. She is identified as a citizen of the USA who has had experience as an administrator. Winning ratification in the USA is among the troublesome hurdles complicating global ratification. Having an American woman as the Global Coordinator might expedite ratification by USA. If the Proposal prohibits the federation from meddling about gender justice matters, some male chauvinistic nations might be persuaded to ratify it. The subtle effect of having a woman as a Global Coordinator could have long term enhancement of the status of women everywhere more than a dozen affirmative action laws by a global legislature. Efforts to recruit a talented Cabinet from all continents are scheduled. Such Cabinet needs to obtain an adequate campaign fund. Home Rule Globally is committed to spin off management of Galakzia to such Cabinet before 60 nations have ratified it. The immediate purpose of the Galakzian Proposal is to stimulate education about how complex [but still solvable] are the problems for a global constitution,. Whether there will be adequate growth of the iota of hope for its blossoming into the ultimate world government is an unknowable of trivial significance in 1999.
Scuttling is strategic abandoning of a tool.
Sometimes naval war strategists will sink a ship to block a channel. Any abandonment of what was previously a useful tool is now called scuttling. When first proposed, scuttling is generally so inappropriate as to arouse trivial opposition. Subtle support for scuttling strategy can sometimes grow like a snowball until its wisdom is widely recognized. Significant opposition to scuttling arises near its fruition instead of at the early stages.
Persons with the greatest power generally prefer to avoid the annoyances and hazards of being publicly identified. Such persons are generally able to cover-up their role as the string-pullers for their puppets. Most politicians are the puppets for their masters, and cover-up their submissiveness to conspiracies which are very rarely accurately diagnosed. Some fanatical anti-conspiratorists deny that any conspiracies could exist. However, millions are persuaded that the Warren Commission Report provides inadequate data about the Kennedy Assassination. If many national politicians are puppets for unidentified Establishments, then there is greater hope for a drastic transformation of the entire institutional matrix than if every national Head of State has as much power as he pretends to have. Humanity is less endangered by the pollution explosion or the population explosion, etc, than by the cynicism explosion. When there is no hope, the hopelessness breeds disaster. Galakzia contends that federalization might be achieved suddenly as soon as the Establishments recognize that the risks of an appropriate Supra-National Federation appear to be less than prolongation of the status quo, Currently the need is to educate the establishment and those observers of alternative media who comprehend the inadequate cost-effectiveness of much political activism. Wise managers now recognize that sudden changes, such as termination of employment with adequate termination benefits is more advantageous and more compassionate than to attempt to gradualize the termination of employment. As soon as Establishments conclude that the time has come to discharge thousands of politicians, suddenness will provide wiser strategy than gradualism. Federalization will require appropriate preparations, analogous to the preparations needed for demolishing a skyscraper. Just as the implosion of a skyscraper is sudden, the transformation to federalization might be spectacularly sudden. Historians differ in their interpretation of the scuttling of the Communist Party in Russia. The Galakzian perspective is that substantially the same Establishments were in charge both before and after such scuttling of the Communist Party. The Establishments in nations constituting the Power Triad could benefit immensely from scuttling national political parties, which have outlived their usefulness as a result of evolving technology. If national political parties can be scuttled,, then national militarism and national monetarism can be abolished while still leaving substantially the same Establishments in charge. What is needed is adequate enthusiasm for a transformation as drastic as the Galakzian proposal. The financial resources for the campaigns will flow if the cynical rejection of the Galaksian Proposal as excessively utopian is overcome.
As long as the Establishments can agree upon the allocation of votes in the global legislature and the rules for amending the constitution, dozens of potentially controversial issues can be postponed for ultimate management by the legislature instead of seeking advance consensus about thousands of potentially controversial issues. Many varieties of political activists [except fanatical centralists] should welcome this potentiality. After the abolition of the Oppressive Triad [national militarism, national monetarism, and national political parties], many kinds of reform, particularly at a local level, can advance on their merits instead of encountering obstacles from remote bureaucracies. The paradox that suddenness of federalization could usher in a new era of gradual progress toward sustainable justice can overcome some of the hazardous cynicism. Without any significant modification of who is really in charge, significant progress toward sustainable justice is both possible and relatively imminent if Decentralist-Federalists for Constitutional Subsidiarity are correct in their contention that world federation will be attained soon after the Establishments conclude that there is less risk in federalizing than in prolonging the status quo.
If evil methods are used, the results will be evil. In this moral universe, honest and gentle results are attainable only by using only honest and gentle methods. Although “fighting fire with fire” is inherently necessary in social change, and although it will be necessary to have the cooperation of thousands of politicians to be able to scuttle the politicians, all of the immediately desired changes can be achieved while maintaining the kind of loving attitudes that a loving parent has in guiding a toddler to blossom into a responsible self-confident adolescent. Some of the arrogant confrontational methods used by reformers of earlier centuries, such as the insistence by some abolitionists that owners of slaves should not be compensated for the confiscation of their property, must be avoided. Galakzia aspires to maximize local autonomy, minimize regional coercion, and recognize that occupants of a local area are entitled to practice lifestyles offensive to the occupants of all nearby villages. Galakzia cherishes the prolongation of global diversity of culture. Humanity can thrive best with as trivial global uniformity of culture as prevailed in 1899. Whatever social practice has had local cultural support through the 19th century should be entitled to perennial protection as a local social practice wherever there are people desiring to prolong it. Globally politicians are closely allied to bankers and admirals. Only by abolishing all three of the Oppressive Triad, that is, national politicians, national monetarism, and national militarism, can there be Globe-lib or the significant liberation for humanity. Concilatory efforts to persuade the Establishments to scuttle many anachronisms, including the Oppressive Triad, differs from confrontational attacks upon selected Institutions. Present trends toward ecocide are sufficiently clear that the Establishments should expedite a drastic transformation for their own. benefit, thereby also helping humanity
In recent years, some evidence connotes a conspiracy for “planned confusion” concerning the Y2K problem for purposes of fabricating what can be designated as an “emergency” to justify global tyranny for imposing coercively an excessive degree of uniformity. Old computers have built-in obsolescence because they designate the year by two digits. Such old computers are useful as archives for old data. Many of the business corporations outside such conspiracy have recognized the Y2K problem by shifting current operations to new computers employing new software. Many experts agree that it is easier to use this “all-new” approach than to try to reprogram old computers. The conspiratists have stressed reprogramming and the delays in reprogramming of computers used by governments. Some evidence suggests that there is a conspiracy to empower a global dictator to have “emergency” powers for coping with Y2K. The potential profits for the friends of the politicians could be millions of dollars greater if there is governmental coercion concerning such replacement of obsolete computers than if such replacement is a normal business function. The chaos is being planned as a ploy for stimulating submissiveness to the tyrannical “emergency” measures. If billions recognized such conspiracy and unnecessary politicalization of the scheduling of substitution of modern computers, more local groups would seek to develop local decentralized non-coercive approaches toward the Y2K problems, as has occurred in some intentional communities and vital neighborhoods. Entirely separate from such conspiracy to seek political power is the pacifist campaign to deactivate all nuclear militarism prior to Dec. 31, 1999 in order adequately to cope with the unknowability about how some old chips will respond to Jan. 1, 2000.
Federalizing by promptly amending the UN Charter breeds tyranny.
The UN Charter is a multi-lateral treaty which the member nations joined by following treaty procedures. The constitutions of some nations clarify what procedures are needed for joining a federation. Some argue that a nation might join a federation by the process of treaty ratification. Many experts agree that a nation can join a federation only by a procedure substantially equivalent to amending its constitution unless its constitution explicitly outlines a simpler procedure. However, there are political reformers urging federalization by Charter amendment. This requires support by 3/4 of the members including the 5P nations. Home Rule Globally campaigns for federalization only if some Proposal is ratified by nations constituting the Power Triad, that is, 2/3 of the population 2/3 of the military power, and 2/3 of the economic power of the world. Home Rule Globally focuses upon the desirability of preserving the UN as the treaty organization it was designed to be. Until such time as every nation voluntarily joins such federation, humanity needs a Dual Function Era when there would be both the UN and a Supra-National Federation. Eventually the hold-out nations would join the federation, which could then be merged into the UN. During the Dual Systems Era, each member of the federation would retain its sovereignty as regards membership in the UN, but would accept the governing of individuals by such federation. The benefits of federalism would prompt each of the hold-out nations to join the federation within a few years or decades. Accordingly, any Proposal for a constitution for a universalist type of federation is inherently a Proposal for a Replacement Charter for the UN, but utilizing a ratification procedure different from that of Charter Amendment.
Governments evolve from seed groups practicing gentle usurpation.
Relatively few governments have been “officially” launched by official representatives. Most governments have been started by usurpers using various kinds of gentleness and/or various kinds of violence. Gentle usurpation involves the effort to provide governmental services without violence. Unofficial constitutional conventions, and/or shadow governments, such as the Ghandian liberation of India, provide examples of gentle usurpation. During the past 50 years there have been dozens of gentle usurpation groups asserting global governmental authority, some conducting global elections and other governmental services. For example, a greater tonnage of boats now fly the Oceanus flag than were flying the stars and stripes when Washington delivered his Farewell Address. Thousands have read the Earth Constitution sponsored by the World Constitution and Parliament Association. Thousands have obtained passports or other identification documents from the World Service Authority. The Gentle Usurpation Institute, a division of Home Rule Globally, seeks to maintain some communication among all such seed groups. Mass media has tended to ignore or ridicule each seed group, without noting their abundance. Galakzia is an experiment initiated by Home Rule Globally, and scheduled to be spun off for management by the Galakzian cabinet as soon as it has been ratified by 60 nations and funds are available for campaigns. Some of the most successful examples of unofficial constitutions, shadow governments, etc., such as in Australia, Ireland, and India, are in oblivion except to a few scholars. By stimulating trends toward federalization, Galakzia can be useful, though likely to be in oblivion.
Government should be galaxial, not merely global.
Evolving technology has highlighted the need for galaxial government instead of world government. Target-seeking missiles for destroying approaching comets, which could not even be imagined a few centuries ago, should be controlled for helping humanity without significant risk of tyrannical threats to humanity. Colonialism on earth has passed its peak, but until the space-living human population exceeds that on earth, self-defense requires that humans living in space be subject to colonial domination, not by any nation, but by the Supra-National Federation. One of the gentle usurpation governments focusing on de-militarizing outer space utilizes the trademark Galakzia for promoting the eternal coexistence of a great diversity of beliefs with minimization of globalization of philosophy. Nothing less than a drastic transformation of the entire institutional matrix could achieve the Triad Acceleration of: [a] global productivity [b] perennial justice, and [c] dynamic balance of ecology in the community of life. Such Triad Acceleration is needed to cope with the inevitable problems of the 21st century . The treaty system has been increasingly unsatisfactory throughout the 20th century, but invites ecocide if continued long into the 21st century. The sole foundation for the treaty system, the UN, and traditional international law is the false myth that foreigners can coerce a nation to behave. It is because a nation as a nation cannot be effectively coerced that international law is an anachronism likely to be displaced eventually, and hopefully imminently, by federalization.
The Establishments can control the mass media sufficiently to arouse grass roots support for whatever changes the Establishments deem to be to their benefit. Currently Home Rule Globally welcomes publicity in the alternative media but adheres to a low profile in the mass media. Home Rule Globally seeks to focus its education for the Establishments. Until various Establishments decide to attack and/or support Galakzia, mass media is likely to ignore Galakzia. Person to person communication, rather than mass media, is relied upon currently for encouraging the development of local groups discussing at many sessions what projects can be achieved at a local level notwithstanding the hurdles imposed by remote bureaucracies. If local autonomy is to be stressed eventually, it needs great stress today. Unless neighbors can discuss at a great number of sessions what can be achieved promptly, they do not deserve neighborhood empowerment. No group should be burdened with greater responsibilities than it is willing voluntarily to assume. Any local group actually achieving a local improvement as a result of many sessions of discussion is promoting decentralist-federalism as much as financial angels paying for full page newspaper ads promoting the vague aspiration of world government. If even 25% of the time in the many sessions of local discussions is focused on the Galakzian Proposal, this will accelerate its aspirations more than publication of a dozen books about Galakzia. In 1999, the opposition to Galakzia is so trivial that laymen can safely advocate such drastic transformation. However, when and if Galakzian Ratification Day seems attainable within a year, then various Establishments are likely to persecute and harass activist supporters of Galakzia. This narrow window of opportunity for promoting Galakzia should be both recognized and exploited.
All institutions need constitutional subsidiarity.
The excessive glorification of bigness and centralization which led to destruction of individual liberty by governments also eroded individual liberty as regards education, business, sports, clubs, churches, and nonprofit organizations. Because Galakzia would globalize corporate law and seek to empower acquaintanceship groups at the grass roots level in all varieties of organizations, while recognizing that entrepreneurs need to maintain a greater degree of hierarchical control than do century-old clubs, the 22nd century would differ from the 20th century more significantly as regards other institutions than as regards government. Ultimately, the greatest opposition to Galakzia might come, not from those involved in government, but upper level bureaucrats in other institutions who might be fearful that the underemployment insurance features might not be adequate. The window of opportunity for a significant modification of the institutional matrix will occur at the time of federalization. Those interested in democracy and empowerment of the grass roots need to recognize that if top-down decentralization is not an important feature of federalization, sustainable justice may be postponed for many centuries. Politicians tend to be far more pragmatic and practical than some of the arrogant fundamentalists in some of the other over-centralized institutions. Those seeking fairness need to appreciate why the more drastic transformation of Galakzia is desirable.
Words and phrases helpful in promoting Galakzian aspirations
Certain phrases such as “governing individuals” help to communicate the aspiration for federalism. Generic use of “remote bureaucracies” has a connotation of decentralism. “Subsidiarity” cannot be overused if the audience appreciates that it requires decision-making for the smallest plausible group, with remote bureaucracies handling only those affairs which cannot be managed when there are diverse practices at the grass roots. Constitutional subsidiarity stresses the function of a constitution [of any variety of institution -not just governments] in imposing restraints upon high officials. The “Oppressive Triad” consists of national militarism, national monetarism, and national political parties. The Triad Acceleration involves successful growth of global productivity, sustainable justice, and dynamic balance of ecology in the community of life. The Power Triad embraces any combination of nations constituting 2/3 of the world’s population, 2/3 of the world’s military power, and 2/3 of the world’s economic power. “Seed groups” are those gently asserting that they now are the kind of a beginning of a world government capable of growing eventually into the effective world government. Ratification Day refers to the time when a supra-national federation can begin to function because all of the necessary nations have ratified its Proposal.
Comprehensiveness clarified by reverse chronology from 2131
Let us imagine a “science-fiction” clarification of how some things might be in 2131 if, prior to 2007, each of China, Russia, France, UK and USA plus 95 other nations would ratify the Galakzian Proposal. All of the initially “hold-outs” nations would have voluntarily joined, so that Galakzia would be renamed as the UN, but might be called a Strengthened UN or SUN. The annual budget of SUN would be of the general magnitude that it was in 1999, but would represent a much larger fraction of the total government disbursements because many nations, provinces and towns would have smaller budgets. Widespread concern about the total ecological health of the planet would sometimes be described as indigenous-centric, analogous to the Eurocentric patterns of the 19th century. Many towns would own selected segments of the ocean, and would try to understand the ecology of that unique zone in their efforts to maximize the ocean bio-mass. The population problem would have solved itself without governmental coercion impairing individual reproductive freedom. Educational opportunities for girls and women would have stabilized population. Corporations which purchased franchises for colonies on the moon and on Mars and on one of the asteroids would have small colonies of daring millionaires, but cost of space travel would be too great to have impact on population problems.
There would be more widespread acceptance of many unpleasant relationships. Incarcerated individuals would be recognized as temporary slaves of the government imprisoning them. Space-dwelers would be colonists governed significantly by earth-dwellers, with sharing postponed until the space-dwelling population was double that on earth. All governments would provide for registration of individuals who were conscientious objectors to particular laws. There would be about 1,000 nations or quasi-nations, including the reservations for indigenous peoples. Isolationist communities able to prove that during recent years, neither their exports nor their imports exceeded 5% of their gross product would have a quasi-national status analogous to that of indigenous tribes. Dozens of varieties of fundamentalism, including flatlanders, would be a part of the eternal coexistence of diverse cultures.
The network of Rebellion Deterrence Corps, involving hundreds of private armies, each having airports on each of the occupied continents, and each having Rebellion Deterrence Contracts with hundreds of widely scattered governments, would have proven its usefulness. Notwithstanding the evolution of military technology more horrendous than imagined in the 20th century, the fair competition among the tiny privatized armies would be regulated by SUN so that more than forty years without military hostilities had stimulated confidence in the workability of the system.
Municipalities having a population less than 15,000 [generally more than 5,000] would be getting 55% of the SUN-levied taxes instead of the 45% allocated during the 100 years of the Debt Repayment Authority and the Army Purchase Authority, each of which received 5%. The Galakzian assumption of the debts of all governments, and the establishment of the system so that each calendar year, government disbursements could not exceed the amount collected during calendar year two years previously, prompted interest in meritocracy as regards government disbursements. Substantially all data about an individual, such as health, education, finances, etc. would be maintained in confidence by the municipality, so that the remote bureaucracies of provinces, nations, and SUN could have access only to data about groups of at least 20 individuals. SUN would thus seek to protect the right of privacy while still being able to organize statistics, the sale of which would be a source of funds. No nation would have legal tender laws. The standard of value set forth as a bor in the Galakzian Proposal would still be a privatized standard immutable to change. Much of the right of privacy to financial information would expire in 15 years so that those needing to obtain evidence prior to the 20 year deadline for finalizing litigation would have a 5 year window of opportunity. SUN would issue all corporate charters, but a province could require, as a condition for doing business, that it receive annually the smaller of $1 or 0,00001% of corporate profits.
The contributions which an individual had made to approved nonprofit organizations could be applied as a credit toward up to 50% of the tax when an individual was filing an annual tax report . Those who could show that their charitable contributions amounted to 150% of what the tax would have been could register as conscientious objectors to taxation. Such COs to taxation might proclaim their interpretation that “Taxation is Theft” without gaining many converts. Some governments, including the SUN, plus governments having endowment income greater than disbursements, would allocate surplus receipts to nonprofit organizations proportionately to the donations received voluntarily by such charities.
Different governments would compete with each other as regards the rates for franchise fees, license fees, etc, but certain classes of taxes would be globally uniform, and assessed by SUN, but collected by the most local government. Each local government would transfer appropriate percentages of its tax collections to county, provincial, national, continental , and global governments, with SUN getting 3% of the total revenue from those taxes assessed by SUN. Each individual would pay an annual income tax of 0.0000011% on income in excess of $1,000,000, and 0.000001% on less. Similarly, the tax on individual and/or corporate net worth would be 0.00000011% on excess over $10,000,000, with 0.0000001% on less. The good fortune tax would be 2% of that portion of net worth attributable to capital gains, inheritance, gifts, bribes, crime, and Not Elsewhere Classified Up to $200,000 per year in income from annuities would be treated as tax-free income. Half of the purchase price for such an annuity would be, for the individual‘s lifetime treated as a part of the individual’s net worth for net worth taxation purposes. Corporate income tax rates would be 1% if the Rate of Return was less than 10%, 25% if the Rate of Return was over 50%, and half the Rate of Return if between 10% and 50%. Nonprofit corporations would annually pay 3% on their increase in net worth. There would be a 100% tax on undistributed profits of corporations for profit. Corporations could issue ten-year debentures for up to half of their dividends. All corporations would have their charters and basic regulation from Galakzia-SUN. Each province could require that operations within it should be conducted by a separate corporate profit-center in which the province would be entitled to 0.0001% of the profits, not as pure “taxes” but as a license for doing business. Financial journalists establishing a need to know would be able to trace the ownership of any corporation to the responsible individuals because of the 50% capital tax on any chain of corporate ownership involving more than four layers of corporate ownership prior to the ownership by the responsible individuals or nonprofit organization managed by an identifiable group of individuals . Cash transactions could continue to involve some confidentiality, but financial journalists would in general be able to penetrate, on a need to know basis, and with delays such as 15 years, transactions involving fund transfers among financial institutions.
Estate taxes would be at the same percentage as the age at death if death were below age 100. The provisions relating to skipping 6 generations would encourage having not more than two children, because any descendants of 3rd or more surviving children would be ignored in identifying the 7th generation beneficiaries. Some persons would recognize that they were in the middle of 15 generations of importance to them. When an individual proved that he/she was a 7th generation descendant of one making a bequest, and that there had not been more than 99 prior claimants, then 1% of such bequest would be allocated, to be paid as 260 fortnightly installments during the years corresponding to ages 15-25. If there were fewer than 100 of the potential 128 beneficiaries, then, the beneficiaries would eventually equally share their 7th generation fund.. Bequests of less than $10,000 would accumulate interest tax-free for the benefit the 7th generation beneficiaries. Hence, poor families could thus assuredly have a reasonably wealthy great-great-great-great grandchild if there were one child per family. The investment return on bequests of more than $10,000 would be paid to the winners of $100,000 Bonanza gifts. Every human would have an equal chance of winning the free lottery for Bonanzas.
Although SUN would promote honesty, gentleness, and honesty in most areas, selected zones would be designated to accommodate those preferring a more hedonistic lifestyle. In order to make such a zone easily accessible to everyone, each province would be required to have a city having a population less than 400,000 featuring hedonism and the great diversity of lifestyles of the 20th century and what evolved from them.. Cities would be obligated to keep crime levels below 20th century standards. Many cities would have higher fraud and violent crime rates than other areas. There would be a few clusters of cities, each surrounded by a perimeter park having an average width of about a kilometer, at the location of those few metropolitan areas which valued hedonism more than the opportunity for nationhood. SUN would administer some areas in oceania as colonies, in which some zones would permit free immigration until reaching their population maximum of 400,000. SUN would provide freedom of choice about everything, but expect all to accept the consequences of their decisions.
By 2131, two of the areas franchised by Galakzia for the construction of a megopolis might be occupied by a population in excess of about 5,000,000, even though more than 20 years of land development were required for transforming long uninhabited areas into attractive Shang-Ri-Las. Investors, rather than politicians, would make the choices about allocation of funds for uncertain projects such as space travel, construction of large metropolitan areas, etc. By 2131 education for children under age 15 would be a responsibility of their parents except in those municipalities choosing to have educational departments. SUN, nations, and provinces would all be constitutionally prohibited from meddling significantly with education of those under 15. Only between ages 15 and 20 would various provincial government be entitled to administer examinations or otherwise supervise education. Fair competition among accrediting agencies would be relied upon for seeking quality education for those in the 20-150 age range, with minimized government involvement.
By 2131 there would have been decades of experience with a plurality of “computerese” languages intended to permit more accurate communication between centuries. Each computerese language would be designed for precision of communication without being suitable for poetry, satire, or ordinary conversation. Fair competition among the educational corporations owning the perennial intellectual property rights for such languages would be assured, so that the losers could obtain plausible compensation when there was official adoption of the computerese language which, on the basis of meritocracy, proved most satisfactory.
Conventional zoning would continue in the hedonistic cities. Elsewhere, governments generally would lack traditional zoning authority. Any landowner would have a restricted property in each of several nearby tracts, so that none of such nearby tracts could alter its long-standing use of the land unless purchasing from the nearby landowners the privilege to make such change. Hence, any landowner failing to purchase from neighbors the necessary waivers could be restrained from making such contemplated change of use. Generally all adjacent landowners would receive the same price, so that no hold-out could seek to extort special privileges.
Institutions such as insurance, accounting, banking, brokerage, etc. would be divided into at least three size categories, with self-disciplining and self-auditing responsibilities imposed upon each size group. Efforts would be made to adequately protect consumers without the political complications of coercive detailed regulation by governments. By 2131 substantially all oligarchic markets would have been terminated by the voluntary fission of giants into a plurality of global [not regional] enterprises.. The top four competitors could not control more than 75% of the market. No corporation would have more than 20% of any market except as might be attributable to recent patents. All giants would recognize the benefits of voluntarily spinning off enterprises rather than having growth far beyond 18% of the global market because of the expense inherent in the government managed fission upon exceeding 20% of the market for 3 years during less than 9 years. To the extent that patents accounted for such greater than 18% market share, all competitors could obtain licenses at a –royalty rate of 6% of gross receipts as soon as there were twelve calendar years after either filing patent applications or commercially using such subject matyer. Some patents, such as on production of energy by synthesizing helium from hydrogen would have a 100 year life. Appropriate copyrights would be forever instead of for a limited time. Only a few of the historians of intellectual property have noted that during the writing of the Versaille treaty, it was proposed, but not adopted, to globalize patents in the League of Nations. Such 1920 globalization of patents would probably have prevented WWII by providing the League with adequate funds.
Pragmatic flexibility is needed for achieving Galakzian aspirations.
In recent centuries, constitutional law has failed to fulfill its objective of imposing restraints upon upper levels of remote bureaucracies of many varieties. Galakzia promotes hope that the coercion of individuals for enforcing constitutional law can be achieved by having constitutional law disputes terminated before tribunals picked at random from among those who have demonstrated their commitment and knowledge about constitutional law and selected to be independent from and not a part of the institution having the constitution. Moreover, the Galakzian Legislature would include servant leaders chosen from candidates who had proven their knowledge about constitutional law, thus decreasing the propensity to pass unconstitutional laws.
If there is ultimately to be respect for constitutional law, it must be shown now. Hence, the high court in each nation is encouraged within 48 hours of a nation’s ratification to publish an opinion confirming the constitutionality of such ratification. Those contending that any ratification was unconstitutional would have 72 hours from ratification to file an appeal to the highest court of that nation. Because delays might be costing more than $1,000,000,000 per day, the affirmation of constitutionality would be automatic unless such court rendered an unfavorable decision within 7 days or any Extension of Time granted by the Competitive Ratification Service. Such fair procedures, with appropriate speeding up of final determination, should be acceptable. The Competitive Ratification Service waives some of the “chronology” rules in order to cope with reality. In the USA, a proposal for a Constitutional Amendment ordinarily originates in Congress, although there are provisions for alternatives. After at least 30 nations have ratified the Galakzian Proposal, it will be available for ratification by each of the 52 states, so that Congress will be obligated to postpone consideration of it until and unless the necessary 39 states have ratified it. Conceivably, it might be rejected by Congress after being ratified by 39 states, but such seems improbable. Constitutional judges recognize that there are some unpredictabilities about the snowballing of credibility and that the potentiality of ecocide justifies fair innovations.
If the trends toward ecocide are to be effectively decreased, then much of the power stolen from acquaintanceship groups by remote authorities needs to be restored by top-down decentralization, and this need exists throughout the institutional matrix, not just in government. At the local level, elections are extremely useful unless corrupted by political parties affiliated with remote authorities. Any distinction between small and intolerably big is necessarily arbitrary. The procedures for altering an arbitrary number need to be quite transparent, quite complicated, and assuring decades of durability for whatever choice is made. The troubles from frequent change of choice of an arbitrary number are far worse than coping with a relatively unwise choice of number. Galakzia uses 15,000 as the upper limit of the population entitled to conduct regular elections instead of using random methods for selecting officials. Whatever political parties emerge within small constituencies do not menace humanity so long as regional political parties are banned. Rapport and congeniality among those sharing common political perspectives are inevitable. Power structures embracing large regions based upon such manipulation of voting have created sufficient hellishness in the 20th century that banning such power structures throughout the 21st century is justified, as connoted by the slogan SCUTTLE THE POLITICIANS. So long as federalists battle to defeat the opponents to federalism, humanity is doomed. When the opponents of federalism are viewed as sincere humans entitled to their minority status and expected to adapt to and accept the federalist majority, educational persuasion can be effective. It is difficult for political activists to become conciliators. The hazards of ecocide demand the transformation of thousands of political activists into a conciliatory role in order to achieve a Supra-National Federation as promptly as feasible.
Randomness could displace ballots for big constituencies.
Some individuals learn that increasing one’s capacity for compassion increases individual happiness far more than greedy pursuit of wealth and/or power. Individuals choose leadership roles and submissive roles to cope with their relationships. Servant leaders recognize that group achievement develop significantly from common aspirations toward a dream and partly from minimization of coercion. Coercion is analogous to medicines in that usage must be minimized. Use of coercion is extremely addictive, leading to overdose problems. At the end of the 20th century, one diagnosis of the world is that it suffers from an overdose of coercion attributable to upper levels of remote bureaucracies greedily seeking excessive power. Love is the answer, but it must be the type of tough love effectively squelching the psychopaths cleverly exploiting others. At the local level, servant leadership is readily recognized. For example, Gordan Fredendall served for 18 years as a Supervisor in Southampton without being accused of selfishly seeking power. The nature of the political system was such that he was not promoted to senator or governor because he was much too uncorruptible for the political system.
Galakzia contends that random methods provide better democracy for giant constituencies than elections. From a large number of locally designated servant leaders, lottery or other random selection can catapult a few into the legislatures of remote bureaucracies. Executives can be selected from among the adequately seasoned legislators. If bureaucratic hellishness is to be minimized, each legislature must be small so that each can well evaluate the wisdom of each colleague. Single terms should be staggered All candidates would be essentially unwilling, and would voluntarily make the commitment to be a legislator during the 48 hours after winning the lottery. Otherwise, another name would be selected at random.
Constituencies represented in Galakzian legislature
There would be 300 members in the Galakzian Legislature, consisting of two gender-based chambers cof 150 men and 150 women. Each chamber could veto the other. Legislation would require consent of both Galakzia would enforce rules concerning “a single term during lifetime” so that service for ten years in a provincial, national, or galaxial legislator would thereafter normally disqualify such individual from political service anywhere. Each candidate would have been placed on a candidate list by others because of their being recognized as a servant-leader, To avoid the domination by personalities accustomed to manipulative commands, only persons in the 20-30 age range [called youth] would represent giant organizations such as any of the 5P nations, organized religion, and institutions having more than 15,000 employees. Only individuals past age 50, called seniors, could represent wealth categories or professions such as lawyers, doctors, and architects. There would be 30 categories of 5 delegates each in each Chamber. Nations as nations would be represented by 6 categories, or 30 of the 150 delegates in each chamber. Each of the 5P nations would have 2 delegates for the usual 10 year terms. The nations lucky enough to be among the 5P nations would recognize their good luck in special representation in the Galakzian legislature. The cost of operating such a 300 person legislature could be small enough that experimental sessions could be organized by the Galakzian cabinet as a part of their campaign costs. Rotation among nations would permit each other nation to have 1 legislator for a 1 year term about once per decade, chosen randomly from those who had had at least two years service in a provincial legislature during the past 20 years. The other 120 delegates [24 categories, 5 delegates each] of each Chamber would be selected randomly from global constituencies such as: labor-union leaders; family farmers; participants in amateur sports; college staff; professional staff of nonprofit organizations; entertainers; organized religion,; freight-handlers; artists; retail business participants; indigenous peoples; wealth greater than $60,000,000; wealth of the $60,000,000-10,000,000 range; wealth of the $10,000,000-$6,000,000 range; wealth of the $6,000,000-$2,000,000 range; wealth of the $2,000,000-$1,000,000 range; lawyers; physicians; accountants; bankers; inventors; social workers, and constitutional experts. The Global Coordinator would have, because of such status, 15 votes in each chamber, thus discouraging votes for non-confidence, and justifying a minimum of 61% support for any action and eliminating need for any executive veto of legislation. A Coordinating Council would be elected for a 5 year term by both chambers, with each Council member serving one year as Global Coordinator. Substantially all legislation, and all proposed constitutional amendments would have a waiting period of at least 18 months prior to effectiveness. Those displeased with a proposal could try to reject it through plebiscites. Such referendum veto would defeat a proposal if nations constituting 51% of gross world product rejected it. The lessons learned from such referendum vetoes would deter the legislature from attempting to pass what would be unpopular in wealthy nations. Any legislator sponsoring a plurality of referendum-vetoed measures would be subjected to financial fines, thus deterring demagogue tactics. If the establishments concluded that the proposed legislative system would protect them more effectively than prolongation of the status quo, then global ratification might be attainable. This aspiration can be met while expediting the opportunities for seeking sustainable justice and decreasing the chance of ecocide and abolishing national militarism. Discussion about the Galakzian Proposal can educate humanity about the complexities of world conditions as the 21st century begins. Through the process of Competitive Ratification, enough could be learned to achieve a globally ratifiable constitution. Whether the winning Proposal was adopted through the Competitive Ratification Contest or through some preempted procedure would matter little. What counts is to expedite the adoption of a Proposal for a Supra National Federation by the Power Triad.
Irving Fisher was among the economists who helped to establish that a “dynamic basket of commodities” could provide a Standard of Value useful in appraising changes in the cost of living. Ralph Borsodi in 1989 wrote a book on INFLATION clarifying the hazards of fiat money. Galakzia would designate the “bor” as a standard of value consisting of 1 gram of each of the 20 most used [value-measured] commodities in each of the 10 most recent calendar years, plus 0.1 quadrillionth gram of each of the five most hoarded [weight-measured] heavy metals having a specific gravity greater than 10. In each of the 10 most recent calendar years for which data were available, thus omitting the most recently completed calendar year. Each government could designate the kind of money required for making payments to it, but no government could pass legal tender laws or interfere with the right of parties to a contract designating the kind of money pertinent to such contract.
Transitional Transformation between Ratification Day and Responsibility Day
The initial Global Coordinator and her cabinet would have extremely greater authority and responsibilities than ever granted to any group. Organizing the network of Rebellion Deterrence Corps would be the task requiring the greatest administrative skill. Scheduling the Tax Holiday for a year, and paying for the costs of other governments would require proficiency. Any 21st century Supra-National Federation should pay for its own birthing costs. These would include the assumption of all of the pre-1999-debt of all governments. All individuals whose careers were disrupted by federalization could collect underemployment insurance if they failed to earn a designated [101-125% percentage of what they had reason to expect by prolongation of the treaty system. Such underemployment insurance would be based on 110% of such expectancies for those over 50, and 115-125% for selected groups of the 20-50 age range. Diplomats, politicians, specialists on foreign patents, soldiers, etc. could endorse ratification without fear of financial loss. All persons making financial contributions to local [not trans-national] campaigns for or against ratification of any credible Proposal [ratified by at least 30 nations] would receive rebates during the Tax Holiday. Such rebates would reimburse such contributions plus simple interest at 0.5% per month. Similarly, post -990 donations to unambiguously federalist groups [including seed groups] should win such rebates. Ultimate success of a federation would be dependent significantly upon the respect for the fairness by which it was ratified. Opponents to federalization must be given a fully adequate opportunity to reject formal ratification of Proposals if a viable federation is to be achieved. Financially, politically, sociologically, and emotionally, such fairness of ratification campaigns is attainable. Galakzians share the vision of an adequate federation attained by fair methods. With persistence, a sufficient segment of the Establishments might recognize that federalization through Galakzia involves far fewer risks than prolongation of the status quo. Concepts such as the federation paying its own birthing costs [including the campaign costs of unsuccessful blind alley approaches] should be universally applicable without regard to how federation is achieved. Although subject to the referendum type of veto, some amendments to the Galakzian constitution could be preliminarily adopted by support by at least 85% of each of the two chambers of the Galakzian legislature. Many varieties of profit-sharing participation by creditors would be encouraged so that the Muslim discouragement of payments identified as interest could be by-passed. Investors would significantly displace bankers or government bureaucrats as regards what funds would be available for various types of loans. Interest rates would respond to supply and demand factors. Insurance companies, rather than governments, would provide deposit insurance, which would be universally required for deposits of average consumers. Financial institutions would operate with essentially 100% reserves. Wide fluctuation of interest rates,. both chronologically and geographically, would be aimed at helping business persons lacking political connections. Over the long term, expansion of the volume of credit would be controlled significantly by the growth rate of portable tangible wealth available for appropriate pledging as security for loans. Price insurance marketing would be the terminology for what formerly was called speculation, and would be sufficiently regulated to impose the losses and gains directly upon those risking their investments on estimates about future prices The hazards of speculative mania.should be focused on the participants in such speculation. Because justice delayed is justice denied, expediting resolution of disputes would be important. Minimizing the likelihood of evolution of disputes is the first need for dealing with dispute resolution. Hence, giant organizations able to maintain legal departments would be required to cope with extremely complicated rules which the industry developed as features of internal discipline within their market. Such ruthless enforcement of arbitrary rules upon giants would differ from the flexibility and pragmatism pertinent to neighborhood disputes. Consumers and society suffer from the potentiality of a dispute between giants because each of many giant organizations can spend millions of dollars in trying to cope with a dispute. To the extent that giants can voluntarily reach appropriate agreements to avoid litigation, consumers generally benefit more than when giants litigate.
Plurality of global legal systems, headquartered in each of occupied continents
Most of the work of Galakzian courts would involve civil disputes such that the litigants could choose which system of law should be employed for dispute termination. Each of the occupied continents would have an appellate court preparing encyclopedias aimed at clarifying the law for minimizing disputes. Each system would have global scope, with trial courts available wherever needed. If litigants could not decide upon which system should be used, a random selection would be made by a court administrator. Trial court judges would be chosen by civil service examinations from those who had had trial court experience in a government having a smaller constituency. Promotions would be based upon the evaluations of the performance of the judges by the litigants having litigation before such judges. Legal systems thrive when the litigants praise the fairness and speed of dispute termination.
Postponement of elections
Many politicians have very selfish and very short-term perspectives. Hence many can cooperate in scuttling the politicians. Not only would all politicians benefit from the “underemployment insurance” feature but also incumbents would gain the bonus of an extension of their terms, On. Galakzian Ratification Day, all incumbent officials would gain an extension of their terms of up to about six years, because it would take time to arrange for the use of randomly selected legislators and abolishing national political parties. For many millennia, institutional injustices have generally caused more havoc than violent crime, as is true at the end of the 20th century, and is likely during the earlier years of any galaxial federation. However, if sufficient constitutional subsidiarity and decentralism is achieved, then those neighborhoods having a vision of greater institutional justice can experiment with procedures for achieving it. Ultimately, it will be the greater happiness of individuals, the greater love of parents for their children, the greater democracy within the family, and factors remote from the influence of legislators, which will make the greatest difference. Humanity must cope with an existing situation involving an unprecedented potentiality of ecocide. recognizing the impossibility of pressing an “undo“ option. All appraisals of the existing situation are inherently imperfect, but demand a drastic transformation of the institutional matrix. Humans are so innovation that in the 20th century there has been more top-down decentralization than bottom-up decentralization. Hence we can hope that institutions for promoting constitutional subsidiarity in education, sports, church, clubs, business, and government could be attained early in the 21st century. If you share such hope, then designate yourself as a Galakzian.
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