Ruth Helen Pratt

F, #36945
Ruth Helen Pratt||p748.htm#i36945|Clifford Pratt|b. 21 Feb 1893\nd. 1981|p747.htm#i36920|Euretta Flora Flanders|b. 16 Dec 1895|p746.htm#i36909|William B. Pratt|b. 10 Oct 1869\nd. 19 Jul 1930|p280.htm#i11434|Helen A. Hines|b. 3 Jan 1869\nd. 17 Dec 1938|p280.htm#i11435|||||||

Relationship=6th great-granddaughter of Banfield Capron.
Charts
Descendants of Hannah Capron
     Ruth Helen Pratt is the daughter of Clifford Pratt and Euretta Flora Flanders.

Sara Ann Pratt

F, #36946, b. 3 November 1846, d. 14 September 1847
Sara Ann Pratt|b. 3 Nov 1846\nd. 14 Sep 1847|p748.htm#i36946|Loren Fenton Pratt|b. 19 Mar 1822\nd. 21 Jun 1889|p280.htm#i11432|Abigail Damon|b. 4 Aug 1825\nd. 1 Jun 1892|p280.htm#i11433|Laban Pratt|b. 22 Aug 1785\nd. 29 Nov 1865|p152.htm#i5273|Tamer Aldrich|b. 9 Dec 1791\nd. 25 Jul 1855|p152.htm#i5263|||||||

Relationship=4th great-granddaughter of Banfield Capron.
Charts
Descendants of Hannah Capron
     Sara Ann Pratt was born on 3 November 1846 in Weathersfield, Windsor, Vermont. She was the daughter of Loren Fenton Pratt and Abigail Damon. Sara Ann Pratt died on 14 September 1847 in Weathersfield, Windsor, Vermont.

Warren Pratt

M, #36947, b. 8 August 1850, d. 25 January 1917
Warren Pratt|b. 8 Aug 1850\nd. 25 Jan 1917|p748.htm#i36947|Loren Fenton Pratt|b. 19 Mar 1822\nd. 21 Jun 1889|p280.htm#i11432|Abigail Damon|b. 4 Aug 1825\nd. 1 Jun 1892|p280.htm#i11433|Laban Pratt|b. 22 Aug 1785\nd. 29 Nov 1865|p152.htm#i5273|Tamer Aldrich|b. 9 Dec 1791\nd. 25 Jul 1855|p152.htm#i5263|||||||

Relationship=4th great-grandson of Banfield Capron.
Charts
Descendants of Hannah Capron
     Warren Pratt was born on 8 August 1850 in Windsor, Weathersfield, Vermont; Believe this to be the Harvy C. Pratt shown in the 1850 census at age 1 month in Aug 1850.1 He was the son of Loren Fenton Pratt and Abigail Damon. Warren Pratt married Fanny Jones. Warren Pratt married Lavinia E. Eddy between 1903 and 1915. Warren Pratt died on 25 January 1917 at age 66.
     Warren Pratt was also known as Harvey C. Pratt.1 He appeared on the census of 1850 at Windsor, Weathersfield, Vermont, as the son of the head of the household, Loren Fenton Pratt.1 Warren Pratt appeared on the census of 1870 at Shrewsbury, Rutland, Vermont, as the son of the head of the household, Loren Fenton Pratt.2

Child of Warren Pratt and Lavinia E. Eddy

Child of Warren Pratt and Fanny Jones

Citations

  1. [S155] 1850 US Census.
  2. [S159] 1870 U.S. Census.

Wendell Pratt

M, #36948
Wendell Pratt||p748.htm#i36948|Clifford Pratt|b. 21 Feb 1893\nd. 1981|p747.htm#i36920|Euretta Flora Flanders|b. 16 Dec 1895|p746.htm#i36909|William B. Pratt|b. 10 Oct 1869\nd. 19 Jul 1930|p280.htm#i11434|Helen A. Hines|b. 3 Jan 1869\nd. 17 Dec 1938|p280.htm#i11435|||||||

Relationship=6th great-grandson of Banfield Capron.
Charts
Descendants of Hannah Capron
     Wendell Pratt is the son of Clifford Pratt and Euretta Flora Flanders.

William Pratt

M, #36949, b. 13 July 1894, d. 1979
William Pratt|b. 13 Jul 1894\nd. 1979|p748.htm#i36949|William Bigelow Pratt|b. 10 Oct 1869\nd. 19 Jul 1930|p280.htm#i11434|Helen Augusta Hines|b. 3 Jan 1869\nd. 17 Dec 1938|p280.htm#i11435|Loren F. Pratt|b. 19 Mar 1822\nd. 21 Jun 1889|p280.htm#i11432|Abigail Damon|b. 4 Aug 1825\nd. 1 Jun 1892|p280.htm#i11433|||||||

Relationship=5th great-grandson of Banfield Capron.
Charts
Descendants of Hannah Capron
     William Pratt was born on 13 July 1894. He was the son of William Bigelow Pratt and Helen Augusta Hines. William Pratt married Effie May Brown. William Pratt died in 1979 in Ludlow, Windsor, Vermont.
     William Pratt appeared on the census of 1900 at Rockingham, Windham, Vermont, as the son of the head of the household, William Bigelow Pratt.1 William Pratt appeared on the census of 1910 at Mount Holly, Rutland, Vermont, as the son of the head of the household, William Bigelow Pratt.2 William Pratt appeared on the census of 1920 at Rutland, Rutland, Vermont, as the son of the head of the household, William Bigelow Pratt.3 William Pratt appeared on the census of 1920 at Ludlow, Windsor, Vermont.3

Citations

  1. [S272] 1900 U. S. Census.
  2. [S269] 1910 U. S. Census.
  3. [S270] 1920 U. S. Census.

Homer Thomson1

M, #36950
Homer Thomson||p748.htm#i36950|Warren Amasa Thomson|b. 28 Sep 1875\nd. 28 Oct 1965|p730.htm#i36394|Lora White|b. c 1879|p745.htm#i36879|Rufus Thomson|b. Dec 1830|p610.htm#i29192|Mary A. McDonald|b. 21 Dec 1845\nd. 18 Apr 1920|p730.htm#i36386|||||||

Relationship=6th great-grandson of Banfield Capron.
Charts
Descendants of Hannah Capron
     Homer Thomson is the son of Warren Amasa Thomson and Lora White.1

Citations

  1. [S939] Research of others found on the internet Thompson Family Tree on Ancestry.com owned by user PatsPassion. Info extracted on 31 Aug 2008.

Zora Z. Pratt1

F, #36951, b. July 1891
Zora Z. Pratt|b. Jul 1891|p748.htm#i36951|Henry Pratt|b. Jun 1849|p747.htm#i36932|Clara *Unknown*||p746.htm#i36898|Loren F. Pratt|b. 19 Mar 1822\nd. 21 Jun 1889|p280.htm#i11432|Abigail Damon|b. 4 Aug 1825\nd. 1 Jun 1892|p280.htm#i11433|||||||

Relationship=5th great-granddaughter of Banfield Capron.
Charts
Descendants of Hannah Capron
     Zora Z. Pratt was born in July 1891.1 She was the daughter of Henry Pratt and Clara *Unknown*. Zora Z. Pratt married Louis Daniells circa 1915.2

Children of Zora Z. Pratt and Louis Daniells

Citations

  1. [S272] 1900 U. S. Census.
  2. [S270] 1920 U. S. Census.

*Unknown* Shepard

F, #36952
Charts
Descendants of Hannah Capron
     *Unknown* Shepard married Edward Pratt, son of Loren Fenton Pratt and Abigail Damon.

Fayne Prentice Underwood

F, #36953
Fayne Prentice Underwood||p748.htm#i36953|Ralph Prentice Underwood|b. 29 Jan 1878|p748.htm#i36954|Cora Marvel Pratt|b. 6 Feb 1882|p747.htm#i36922|||||||John D. Pratt|b. 9 Oct 1856\nd. 12 Feb 1916|p747.htm#i36936|Emma Dickerman||p746.htm#i36906|

Relationship=6th great-granddaughter of Banfield Capron.
Charts
Descendants of Hannah Capron
     Fayne Prentice Underwood is the daughter of Ralph Prentice Underwood and Cora Marvel Pratt.

Ralph Prentice Underwood

M, #36954, b. 29 January 1878
Charts
Descendants of Hannah Capron
     Ralph Prentice Underwood was born on 29 January 1878 in Orange, Franklin, Massachusetts. He married Cora Marvel Pratt, daughter of John Deweze Pratt and Emma Dickerman, on 7 March 1900 in Gardner, Worcester, Massachusetts.

Child of Ralph Prentice Underwood and Cora Marvel Pratt

Martha Aldrich

F, #36955, b. 1827, d. 12 April 1873
Charts
Descendants of Hannah Capron
     Martha Aldrich was born in 1827. She married Joseph Marsh Pratt, son of Laban Pratt and Tamer Aldrich, on 25 July 1858 in Ludlow, Windsor, Vermont. Martha Aldrich died on 12 April 1873.
     Martha Aldrich appeared on the census of 1870 at Ludlow, Windsor, Vermont, as the wife of the head of the household, Joseph Marsh Pratt.1

Children of Martha Aldrich and Joseph Marsh Pratt

Citations

  1. [S159] 1870 U.S. Census.

Vera Faye Thomson1

F, #36956
Vera Faye Thomson||p748.htm#i36956|Warren Amasa Thomson|b. 28 Sep 1875\nd. 28 Oct 1965|p730.htm#i36394|Lora White|b. c 1879|p745.htm#i36879|Rufus Thomson|b. Dec 1830|p610.htm#i29192|Mary A. McDonald|b. 21 Dec 1845\nd. 18 Apr 1920|p730.htm#i36386|||||||

Relationship=6th great-granddaughter of Banfield Capron.
Charts
Descendants of Hannah Capron
     Vera Faye Thomson is the daughter of Warren Amasa Thomson and Lora White.1

Citations

  1. [S939] Research of others found on the internet Thompson Family Tree on Ancestry.com owned by user PatsPassion. Info extracted on 31 Aug 2008.

John Willard Colburn

M, #36957
Charts
Descendants of Hannah Capron
     John Willard Colburn married Freelove Pratt, daughter of Laban Pratt and Tamer Aldrich.

Phebe Cotton

F, #36958, b. 1821, d. 1905
Charts
Descendants of Hannah Capron
     Phebe Cotton was born in 1821. She married Joseph Marsh Pratt, son of Laban Pratt and Tamer Aldrich, after 1870.1 Phebe Cotton died in 1905.
     Phebe Cotton appeared on the census of 1880 at Ludlow, Windsor, Vermont, as the wife of the head of the household, Joseph Marsh Pratt.1

Citations

  1. [S161] Unknown title.

*Unknown* Earle

M, #36959
Charts
Descendants of Hannah Capron
     *Unknown* Earle married Agusta F. Pratt, daughter of Laban Pratt and Tamer Aldrich, after 1850.

Eliza H. Morse

F, #36961, b. July 1820, d. 30 December 1857
Charts
Descendants of Hannah Capron
     Eliza H. Morse was born in July 1820. She married Joseph Marsh Pratt, son of Laban Pratt and Tamer Aldrich, before 1850.1 Eliza H. Morse died on 30 December 1857 at age 37 in Ludlow, Windsor, Vermont.
     Eliza H. Morse appeared on the census of 1850 at Mount Holly, Rutland, Vermont, as the wife of the head of the household, Joseph Marsh Pratt.1

Citations

  1. [S155] 1850 US Census.

Agusta F. Pratt

F, #36962, b. 3 September 1811, d. 26 December 1873
Agusta F. Pratt|b. 3 Sep 1811\nd. 26 Dec 1873|p748.htm#i36962|Laban Pratt|b. 22 Aug 1785\nd. 29 Nov 1865|p152.htm#i5273|Tamer Aldrich|b. 9 Dec 1791\nd. 25 Jul 1855|p152.htm#i5263|||||||Ziba Aldrich|b. 1755\nd. 23 Jul 1841|p152.htm#i5254|Hannah Webber||p152.htm#i5256|

Relationship=3rd great-granddaughter of Banfield Capron.
Charts
Descendants of Hannah Capron
     Agusta F. Pratt was born on 3 September 1811 in Shrewsbury, Rutland, Vermont. She was the daughter of Laban Pratt and Tamer Aldrich. Agusta F. Pratt married *Unknown* Earle after 1850. Agusta F. Pratt died on 26 December 1873 at age 62.

Annette Agusta Pratt

F, #36963, b. 5 December 1862
Annette Agusta Pratt|b. 5 Dec 1862|p748.htm#i36963|Joseph Marsh Pratt|b. 24 Oct 1824\nd. 26 Sep 1899|p748.htm#i36968|Martha Aldrich|b. 1827\nd. 12 Apr 1873|p748.htm#i36955|Laban Pratt|b. 22 Aug 1785\nd. 29 Nov 1865|p152.htm#i5273|Tamer Aldrich|b. 9 Dec 1791\nd. 25 Jul 1855|p152.htm#i5263|||||||

Relationship=4th great-granddaughter of Banfield Capron.
Charts
Descendants of Hannah Capron
     Annette Agusta Pratt was born on 5 December 1862. She was the daughter of Joseph Marsh Pratt and Martha Aldrich.
     Annette Agusta Pratt appeared on the census of 1870 at Ludlow, Windsor, Vermont, as the daughter of the head of the household, Joseph Marsh Pratt.1 Annette Agusta Pratt appeared on the census of 1880 at Ludlow, Windsor, Vermont, as the daughter of the head of the household, Joseph Marsh Pratt.2

Citations

  1. [S159] 1870 U.S. Census.
  2. [S161] Unknown title.

Benjamin Worden Pratt

M, #36964, b. 21 February 1830, d. 6 September 1862
Benjamin Worden Pratt|b. 21 Feb 1830\nd. 6 Sep 1862|p748.htm#i36964|Laban Pratt|b. 22 Aug 1785\nd. 29 Nov 1865|p152.htm#i5273|Tamer Aldrich|b. 9 Dec 1791\nd. 25 Jul 1855|p152.htm#i5263|||||||Ziba Aldrich|b. 1755\nd. 23 Jul 1841|p152.htm#i5254|Hannah Webber||p152.htm#i5256|

Relationship=3rd great-grandson of Banfield Capron.
Charts
Descendants of Hannah Capron
     Benjamin Worden Pratt was born on 21 February 1830 in Shrewsbury, Rutland, Vermont. He was the son of Laban Pratt and Tamer Aldrich. Benjamin Worden Pratt died on 6 September 1862 at age 32.

Clarrisa Pratt

F, #36965, b. 2 July 1814, d. 16 April 1887
Clarrisa Pratt|b. 2 Jul 1814\nd. 16 Apr 1887|p748.htm#i36965|Laban Pratt|b. 22 Aug 1785\nd. 29 Nov 1865|p152.htm#i5273|Tamer Aldrich|b. 9 Dec 1791\nd. 25 Jul 1855|p152.htm#i5263|||||||Ziba Aldrich|b. 1755\nd. 23 Jul 1841|p152.htm#i5254|Hannah Webber||p152.htm#i5256|

Relationship=3rd great-granddaughter of Banfield Capron.
Charts
Descendants of Hannah Capron
     Clarrisa Pratt was born on 2 July 1814 in Shrewsbury, Rutland, Vermont. She was the daughter of Laban Pratt and Tamer Aldrich. Clarrisa Pratt married Mr. Whitney. Clarrisa Pratt died on 16 April 1887 at age 72.

Freelove Pratt

F, #36966, b. 16 May 1819, d. 18 September 1877
Freelove Pratt|b. 16 May 1819\nd. 18 Sep 1877|p748.htm#i36966|Laban Pratt|b. 22 Aug 1785\nd. 29 Nov 1865|p152.htm#i5273|Tamer Aldrich|b. 9 Dec 1791\nd. 25 Jul 1855|p152.htm#i5263|||||||Ziba Aldrich|b. 1755\nd. 23 Jul 1841|p152.htm#i5254|Hannah Webber||p152.htm#i5256|

Relationship=3rd great-granddaughter of Banfield Capron.
Charts
Descendants of Hannah Capron
     Freelove Pratt was born on 16 May 1819 in Shrewsbury, Rutland, Vermont. She was the daughter of Laban Pratt and Tamer Aldrich. Freelove Pratt married John Willard Colburn. Freelove Pratt died on 18 September 1877 at age 58.

Hannibal Pratt

M, #36967, b. 6 October 1827, d. 6 July 1851
Hannibal Pratt|b. 6 Oct 1827\nd. 6 Jul 1851|p748.htm#i36967|Laban Pratt|b. 22 Aug 1785\nd. 29 Nov 1865|p152.htm#i5273|Tamer Aldrich|b. 9 Dec 1791\nd. 25 Jul 1855|p152.htm#i5263|||||||Ziba Aldrich|b. 1755\nd. 23 Jul 1841|p152.htm#i5254|Hannah Webber||p152.htm#i5256|

Relationship=3rd great-grandson of Banfield Capron.
Charts
Descendants of Hannah Capron
     Hannibal Pratt was born on 6 October 1827 in Shrewsbury, Rutland, Vermont. He was the son of Laban Pratt and Tamer Aldrich. Hannibal Pratt died on 6 July 1851 at age 23.

Joseph Marsh Pratt

M, #36968, b. 24 October 1824, d. 26 September 1899
Joseph Marsh Pratt|b. 24 Oct 1824\nd. 26 Sep 1899|p748.htm#i36968|Laban Pratt|b. 22 Aug 1785\nd. 29 Nov 1865|p152.htm#i5273|Tamer Aldrich|b. 9 Dec 1791\nd. 25 Jul 1855|p152.htm#i5263|||||||Ziba Aldrich|b. 1755\nd. 23 Jul 1841|p152.htm#i5254|Hannah Webber||p152.htm#i5256|

Relationship=3rd great-grandson of Banfield Capron.
Charts
Descendants of Hannah Capron
     Joseph Marsh Pratt was born on 24 October 1824 in Shrewsbury, Rutland, Vermont. He was the son of Laban Pratt and Tamer Aldrich. Joseph Marsh Pratt married Eliza H. Morse before 1850.1 Joseph Marsh Pratt married Martha Aldrich on 25 July 1858 in Ludlow, Windsor, Vermont. Joseph Marsh Pratt married Phebe Cotton after 1870.2 Joseph Marsh Pratt died on 26 September 1899 at age 74.
     Joseph Marsh Pratt appeared on the census of 1850 at Mount Holly, Rutland, Vermont.1 He appeared on the census of 1870 at Ludlow, Windsor, Vermont.3 He appeared on the census of 1880 at Ludlow, Windsor, Vermont.2

Children of Joseph Marsh Pratt and Martha Aldrich

Citations

  1. [S155] 1850 US Census.
  2. [S161] Unknown title.
  3. [S159] 1870 U.S. Census.

Winifred White1

F, #36969, b. circa 1881
Charts
Descendants of Hannah Capron
     Winifred White was born circa 1881 in Gallatin County, Montana.1 She married Rufus Burton Thomson, son of Rufus Thomson and Mary Ann McDonald, on 16 October 1901 in Bozeman, Gallatin, Montana.1

Children of Winifred White and Rufus Burton Thomson

Citations

  1. [S939] Research of others found on the internet Thompson Family Tree on Ancestry.com owned by user PatsPassion. Info extracted on 31 Aug 2008.

Phebe Aldrich Pratt

F, #36970, b. 5 August 1816, d. 12 July 1846
Phebe Aldrich Pratt|b. 5 Aug 1816\nd. 12 Jul 1846|p748.htm#i36970|Laban Pratt|b. 22 Aug 1785\nd. 29 Nov 1865|p152.htm#i5273|Tamer Aldrich|b. 9 Dec 1791\nd. 25 Jul 1855|p152.htm#i5263|||||||Ziba Aldrich|b. 1755\nd. 23 Jul 1841|p152.htm#i5254|Hannah Webber||p152.htm#i5256|

Relationship=3rd great-granddaughter of Banfield Capron.
Charts
Descendants of Hannah Capron
     Phebe Aldrich Pratt was born on 5 August 1816 in Shrewsbury, Rutland, Vermont. She was the daughter of Laban Pratt and Tamer Aldrich. Phebe Aldrich Pratt died on 12 July 1846 at age 29.

Tamer Aldrich Pratt

F, #36971, b. 7 February 1835, d. 4 June 1902
Tamer Aldrich Pratt|b. 7 Feb 1835\nd. 4 Jun 1902|p748.htm#i36971|Laban Pratt|b. 22 Aug 1785\nd. 29 Nov 1865|p152.htm#i5273|Tamer Aldrich|b. 9 Dec 1791\nd. 25 Jul 1855|p152.htm#i5263|||||||Ziba Aldrich|b. 1755\nd. 23 Jul 1841|p152.htm#i5254|Hannah Webber||p152.htm#i5256|

Relationship=3rd great-granddaughter of Banfield Capron.
Charts
Descendants of Hannah Capron
     Tamer Aldrich Pratt was born on 7 February 1835 in Shrewsbury, Rutland, Vermont. She was the daughter of Laban Pratt and Tamer Aldrich. Tamer Aldrich Pratt married Harvey Sanders on 5 November 1854 in Shrewsbury, Rutland, Vermont. Tamer Aldrich Pratt died on 4 June 1902 at age 67 in Shrewsbury, Rutland, Vermont.

Children of Tamer Aldrich Pratt and Harvey Sanders

Adelbert E. Sanders

M, #36972, b. 29 January 1870, d. 22 June 1902
Adelbert E. Sanders|b. 29 Jan 1870\nd. 22 Jun 1902|p748.htm#i36972|Harvey Sanders|b. 1 Mar 1832\nd. 21 Jul 1905|p748.htm#i36975|Tamer Aldrich Pratt|b. 7 Feb 1835\nd. 4 Jun 1902|p748.htm#i36971|||||||Laban Pratt|b. 22 Aug 1785\nd. 29 Nov 1865|p152.htm#i5273|Tamer Aldrich|b. 9 Dec 1791\nd. 25 Jul 1855|p152.htm#i5263|

Relationship=4th great-grandson of Banfield Capron.
Charts
Descendants of Hannah Capron
     Adelbert E. Sanders was born on 29 January 1870 in Shrewsbury, Rutland, Vermont. He was the son of Harvey Sanders and Tamer Aldrich Pratt. Adelbert E. Sanders died on 22 June 1902 at age 32 in Shrewsbury, Rutland, Vermont.

Augusta L. Sanders

F, #36973, b. 18 April 1858, d. 12 October 1905
Augusta L. Sanders|b. 18 Apr 1858\nd. 12 Oct 1905|p748.htm#i36973|Harvey Sanders|b. 1 Mar 1832\nd. 21 Jul 1905|p748.htm#i36975|Tamer Aldrich Pratt|b. 7 Feb 1835\nd. 4 Jun 1902|p748.htm#i36971|||||||Laban Pratt|b. 22 Aug 1785\nd. 29 Nov 1865|p152.htm#i5273|Tamer Aldrich|b. 9 Dec 1791\nd. 25 Jul 1855|p152.htm#i5263|

Relationship=4th great-granddaughter of Banfield Capron.
Charts
Descendants of Hannah Capron
     Augusta L. Sanders was born on 18 April 1858 in Shrewsbury, Rutland, Vermont. She was the daughter of Harvey Sanders and Tamer Aldrich Pratt. Augusta L. Sanders died on 12 October 1905 at age 47.

Myron H. Sanders

M, #36974, b. 25 October 1866, d. 17 February 1895
Myron H. Sanders|b. 25 Oct 1866\nd. 17 Feb 1895|p748.htm#i36974|Harvey Sanders|b. 1 Mar 1832\nd. 21 Jul 1905|p748.htm#i36975|Tamer Aldrich Pratt|b. 7 Feb 1835\nd. 4 Jun 1902|p748.htm#i36971|||||||Laban Pratt|b. 22 Aug 1785\nd. 29 Nov 1865|p152.htm#i5273|Tamer Aldrich|b. 9 Dec 1791\nd. 25 Jul 1855|p152.htm#i5263|

Relationship=4th great-grandson of Banfield Capron.
Charts
Descendants of Hannah Capron
     Myron H. Sanders was born on 25 October 1866 in Shrewsbury, Rutland, Vermont. He was the son of Harvey Sanders and Tamer Aldrich Pratt. Myron H. Sanders died on 17 February 1895 at age 28.

Harvey Sanders

M, #36975, b. 1 March 1832, d. 21 July 1905
Charts
Descendants of Hannah Capron
     Harvey Sanders was born on 1 March 1832 in Vermont.1 He married Tamer Aldrich Pratt, daughter of Laban Pratt and Tamer Aldrich, on 5 November 1854 in Shrewsbury, Rutland, Vermont. Harvey Sanders died on 21 July 1905 at age 73 in Shrewsbury, Rutland, Vermont.

Children of Harvey Sanders and Tamer Aldrich Pratt

Citations

  1. [S161] Unknown title.