REFERENCES (Where did we take all this stuff from?)
The following do not represent all the references that I used, but they do represent those that were most critical in preparing this work:
Briggs, L. J., Effects of Spin and speed on the lateral deflection of a baseball; and the Magnus effect for smooth spheres. Amer. J. Physics, 27, 589-596 (1959).
Achenbach. E., Experiments of the flow past spheres at very high Reynolds numbers; Amer. J. Physics, 54, 565-575 (1972).
Watts, R. G.and Baroni, S., Baseball-bat collisions and the resulting trajectories of spinning balls; Amer. J. Physics, 57, 40-45 (1989).
Davies, J.M., The Aerodynamics of Golf Balls; J. Applied Physics, 20, 821-828 (1949).
McPhee, J. J., and Andrews, G.C., Effect of sidespin and wind on projectile trajectory, with particular application to golf; Amer. J. Physics, 56, 933-939 (1988).
Erlichson, H., Maximum projectile range with drag and lift, with particular application to golf. 51, 357-361 (1983).
Gould, H. and Tobochnik, J.,An Introduction to Computer Simulation Methods. Applications to Physical Sciences, 2nd Edition, Addision-Wesley, p38-49.
MacDonald, W.M. and Hanzely, S., The physics of the drive in golf. Amer. J. Physics, 59, 213-218 (1991).
Mehta, R.D., Aerodynamics of Sports Balls, Annual Reviews of Fluid Mech. 17, 151-189, (1985).
Alaways, Leroy, W., PhD Dissertation: Aerodynamics of the Curve-Ball. 1998. (The thesis is listed at the bottom of the page. Chapter 1, Introduction, and Chapter 2, Baseball Dynamics, are a must read for those interested in the dynamics theory development. It is really great that this is still on the net. )
The following represent some non exhaustive hyperlinks on aspects of ball mechanics and aerodynamics that have been brought to my attention. or I have found, that might aid the reader into a better understanding of the aerodynamics of sports balls and spheres. Some of these site have some very nice graphics and explanations that could smooth out some of my more confusing explanations:
Forces Acting on Airborne Particles
Effects of spin on the motion of a ball
The K-8 Aeronautics Internet Textbook and especially the Aerodynamics in Sports Technology section.
The Magnus Effect.
The Science of Swing
On to the Calculations Section
