VITAMINS...MINERIALS


NUTRITIONAL SUPPLEMENT GUIDE



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Vitamins?


Healthy individuals should obtain "all" their vitamins and minerals from their diet.

Scientists speculate that there are many other protective chemicals in fruits and vegetables that have yet to be identified.

The presence of these unknown cancer fighters is why doctors say that vitamin supplements are no substitute for a healthy diet.

The only two exceptions are calcium supplements for those who do not get adequate supplies from their diet, and folic acid supplements for women of child bearing age.

What are vitamins and minerals?

Vitamins are organic compounds needed in small amounts for good health, but which the body can't manufacture itself. Minerals are inorganic compounds found in food needed in small amounts for good health. Together, vitamins and minerals are called micronutrients. Protein, carbohydrates and fat are macronutrients.

The body needs 13 vitamins.  When any of these vitamins are absent, deficiency diseases occur. Four vitamins are fat soluble (carried only in fat): vitamins A, D, E and K. Nine are water soluble: vitamin C and the eight B vitamins (thiamine/B1; riboflavin/B2; niacin; pantothenic acid/B5; pyridoxine/B6; (*)Cyanocobalamin/B12; biotin and folate/folic acid).

The body needs 15 minerals:  calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, chromium, copper, fluoride, iodine, iron, manganese, molybdenum, selenium, zinc, chloride, potassium and sodium

Most vitamin and mineral requirements can be met through a diet rich in fruits and vegetables. Supplements are not needed, although a daily multi-vitamin can provide a little insurance.  In general, foods that are bright or vividly colored are high in vitamins.

Source: Your-doctor.com



Why You Need And What You Should Eat



There is"No"  Fountain of Youth in this vitamin or that mineral. What you need to know is that many of the problems commonly associated with aging can be prevented, if not completely eliminated, if you adjust your nutritional intake to the needs of your changing body.

Changing bodies? Do you know that with each passing birthday the human stomach produces less hydrochloric acid needed to digest food and properly absorb adequate amounts of certain key nutrients? By age 50, this dwindling supply of acid causes a vitamin B-12 inadequacy in at least one in four Americans.by age 75, this deficiency affects about 40 percent.

What are the telltale symptoms of getting too little vitamin B-12? Memory lapses. Joint pain. Fatigue. Tingling hands and feet. Sounds a lot like aging, doesn't it?

"People often say, 'You're just getting old. But many of the classic signs of aging overlap with the symptoms of nutritional inadequacy," says Jeffrey Blumberg, Ph.D., of the Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University in Boston. "Just because you feel that you're aging doesn't mean it's because you're aging."

But don't go blaming your stomach for every midlife complaint. Fact is,you may be coming up short in the vitamins department just like millions of others who have passed the half century mark  even if you're eating a perfect food pyramid.

So,how do you meet those needs? In many cases, a daily "senior formula" " multivitamin supplement" is all you need to fill the void. In other cases, even that multivitamin may not be enough.

The "Why You Need" section of the "Suppliment Guide" provides specifics.



Test Your Supplement Savvy


Advertised throughout the media, displayed in grocery stores and pharmacies, and promoted widely on the Internet, dietary supplements look like just another consumer product on the shelf. But are they? Take this quiz to find out how much you know about using dietary supplements safely. Click To Access Link



Large doses of vitamins may be harmful. Be sure to discuss usage with your doctor.



Certain Vitamins/Herbs may have beneficial or harmful interactions with individual drugs. For specific information about an interaction. Click To Visit...Then click "Health Notes" tab...scroll down to "Drug Supplement Interactions "...Then click name of medication to get specifics

Check ":SITES TO VISIT FOR MORE VITAMIN-NUTRITION INFORMATION"below for more on Drug/Herb Supplement Interactions and safety.



DO YOU KNOW YOUR VITAMIN ABC'S?

Find out by Clicking here


Food Sources For Vitamins

After clicking to access link, scroll down to heading


Please Note

Recent study indicates that there may be " An Interaction " between Grapefruit Juice and Medications.

Some of the Medications named:>br>
Calcium Channel Blockers
Immunosuppressants
Phychiatric Medications
Sedatives
Statins.

Study notes that there may be other medication interactions and recommends that "It's in your best interest" to seek advise from your Doctor or pharmacist



VITAMINS
Vitamin A
Necessary for new cell growth..to fight infection...promotes healthy skin...good blood...strong bones...healthy teeth, kidneys...bladder...the maintenance of good eyesight Fish Liver oils, Liver, Daily Products,Carrets,Cantalope, Peaches, Squash, Tomatoes, Sweet Potatoes, Pumpkin, ApricotsAll Green & Yellow Fruits & Vegatables
Beta Carotene
Provides body a safe source of Vitamin " A "...Is An Antioxidant that works with other natural protectors to defend cells from harmful " Free Radical " damage which is caused by highly reactive substances that may form in the body or are acquired from the Environment...Pollution, Cigarette Smoke, Carcinogens and other. Dark Green Leafy Vegatables, Yellow & Orange Vegatables & Fruit..ie:Carrets,pricots, Sweet Potatoes, Winter Squash, Broccli, Spinish, collard greens, parsley
B-Complex
B-Complex Is Made Up of All The " B "Vitamins Together. The B-Complex Vitamins are Coenzymes that aid in energy production. B-Complex Vitamins are important for the " Normanal " functioning of The Nervous System..Healthy Hair..Skin..Eyes...Liver..and Mouth Gastrointestinal tract...Muscle Tone. Brewers Yeast..Liver...Whole Grain Cereals
B-1 THIAMINE
Required for proper metabolism of sugar & starches to generate Energy...Maintain a healthy Nervous System,,,Aid the function of the Heart and other muscles. If You are under " Stress " You need B-1 and all B Vitamins Brewers Yeast, Wheat Germ, Black Syrap Molasses, Whole Brown Rice, Bran, Soybeans, Whole Wheat & Meats.Cell Data
B-2 RIBOFLAVIN
Needed for " Red Blood Cells "formation, Antibody production, Cell respiration & Growth. Required For good muscle tone...Aids in Motabolism of Protein, Fats, & Carbohydrates. Equally Important for Vision, Skin, Nails and Hair Eggs, Milk, Brewers Yeast, Milk, Organ Meats...IE: Liver, Tongue...Leafy Vegetables and whole grain breads
(B-3 ) NIACIN
Proper activity of Nervous System...Healthy Skin..Healthy Digestive System..Helps Circulation, Help The Body Sysnthesize Sex Hormones Poultry, Peanuts, Lean Meats, Brewers Yeast, Wheat Germ, Desiccated Liver...Wheat, Whole Wheat Products, Avocados, Dates, Figs, Prunes
PANTOTHENIC ACID (B-5 )
Aids In Forming Certain Antibodies & Hormones, Essential in Energy & Motabolism,Required for Maintenanceb of Healthy Digestive Tract, Nerves, Skin, & Glands.Helps To Convert Fat & Sugar To Energy Brewers Yeast, Egg Yokes, Organ Meats, Whole Grain Cereal, Chicken, Nuts
PYRIDOXINE ( B-6 )
Essential for Utilization of Protein & Fats, Required for Production of Red Blood Cells & Antibodies..Active In Numerous Body Functions, Helps to Convert Fat & Sugar To Energy,,,Helps To Reduce The Pain(s) Of Carpel Tunnel Syndrome Brewers Yeast,Bananas, Green Leafy Vegetables, Meats, Whole Grain Products, Wheat Germ, Pecans, Beef, Organ Meats, Wheat Bran, Eggs,Milk, Cabbage
B-12 Cyanocobalamin
Builds Blood, New Growth, Important in maintaining Health of Nervous System, Including Brain Cells, Required for normal digestion, Absorbtion of fluid, Protein Synthesis, Fat & Carbohydrate Metabolism

The necessity of getting enough B-12 is noted at the beginning of this page. Adaguate B-12 ingestion can be accomplihed by taking a senior formula multivitamin. You can also get additional B-12 in your diet by eating meat.

Because this vitamin is "bound" to protein (making it hard for your body to absorb) , even if you eat plenty of beef,chicken, and fish, it's hard to get enough B-12 by diet alone.

Kidney, Muscle Meats, Fish, Dairy Products, Liver, Meat, Eggs.
BIOTIN
Active in Metabolism of Fats & Production of Energy, Aids in Synthesizing Amino & Fatty Acids and Form RNA & DNA. Helps maintain healthy Sweat Glands, Nerve Tissue, Skin, Hair and Bone Morrow. Unpolished Rice, Liver, Brewers Yeast, Kidney, Soy Flour, Soybeans, Egg Yolks, Califlower, Mushrooms.
CHOLINE
Aids in Nerve Transmission, Utilization of Fat & Hormorne Production. Maintenance of normal Kidney & Bladder Function Milk, Meats, Egg Yolks, Whole Grain Cereals
FOLIC ACID
A " B " Vitamin...Helps Synthesize Nucleic Acids ( RNA & DNA ), Required for Red Blood Cell Production, Growth & Reproduction...It's Propagated That Women with Adaquate Folic Acid Reduce Risk Of Having Children with Birth Defects of The Brain or Spinal Cord...Because by the time you know you're pregnant, your baby's brain and spine are already formed. Brewers Yeast, Liver, Green Leafy Vegetables, Orange Juice, Avacagos, Beets, Broccoli. Thanks to fortification, breakfast cereal also provides a respectable amount. Use low fat or skim milk on that cereal, and you're partway to your day's calcium requirement too.Folic acid has been added to some foods, such as enriched breads, pastas, rice, A few cereals have 100 percent of the folic acid you need.
INOSITAL
For Matabolism of Fats & Cholestrol, Helps In Brain Cell Nutrition & Needed for Hair Growth Citrus Fruits, Unprocessed Whole Grains,Brewers Yeast, Meats, Milk & Liver
PABA
B-Complex Component..Helps Utilize Proteins,, Fats Carbohydrates, Required For generation of Blood Cells, Particularly " Red "..Required for Hair Pigmentation & Healthy Skin Yeast, Wheat Germ, Liver,Kidney, Molasses,Whole Grains, Rice, Bran,Brewers Yeast
Bioflanoids, Rutin, Hesperidin
C-Complex Component...Needed For Proper Function & Absorbtion of Vitamin " C "...Helps Build Resistance Lemons,Grapes,Plums, Grapefruit,Cherries, Buckwheat...fruiits that contain a pit...Whole Grain You should eat ( 1 ) one food rich in bioflavonoids per day
Ascorbic Acid " C " Calcium Ascorbate Required For Collagen Formation,Connective Substance in all cells.." Anti-Oxident Aids In Neutralizing " Harmful " Free Radicals, Helps In the production of "Red " Blood Cells...and in " Healing, Fighting of Bacterial Infections...Ascerbate levels are rapidly depleted during infection. The Need For This Vitamin Increases with Physical Stress Fresh " Citrus " Fruits & Berries, Green Vegetables,Onions, Tomatoes, Rose Hips

For more details about Vitamin "C"  Click Here  Scroll Down To Heading
" D " Calciferol
Required for Calcium & Phosphorus utilization, Promotes Strong Bones & Teeth, Aids in Prevention of Rickets, Protects against Muscle Weakness, Helps Regulate the Heart, through calcium absorption...Contributes To Good Health & Vitality Fish...Fish Liver Oil, Egg Yolks, Milk, Dairy Products,Time in the sun.

New evidence shows that getting enough vitamin "D" may be the most important thing you can do for your health. For specifics check out these links
  www.rd.com/content/openContent.do?contentId=28655Vitamin "D "re-evaluated AND

Is Vitamin "D" a Miracle Vitamin? www.rd.com/content/openContent.do?contentId=28654">


home.comcast.net/~omnis1/VitaminD.htmVitamin "D"Helps more than just the bones...Information all should know

rd.com/content/openContent.do?contentId=28654">Vitamin "D"The Miracle Vitamin

Best Sources For Vitamin "D "
Food:Amount:"D "Content:
Cod Liver Oil1 tablespoon  1360 IU*

ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/vitamind.asp">Over dose of Vitamin "D " Can Cause Physical Problems...Be sure to visit this link for specifics

Salmon,cooked3 1/2 Ounces360 IU
Mackerel, cooked31/2 Ounces345 IU
Tuna, canned
in oil3 Ounces200 IU
Sardines, canned
in oil,drained1 1/4 Ounces250 IU
Milk, all types,
fortified1 Cup98 IU
  *IU=International Units
Calcium and Vitamin " D "
This mineral-vitamin combination is considered the single best dietary method of preventing osteoporosis, a condition in which the bones become more porous and brittle. Vitamin "D " needs to be taken with calcium in order for calcium to be properly absorbed into your body.

After grade school, few of us drink the four to five glasses of milk each day that contain enough of both nutrients to guard against bone loss and fracture,which may explain why most older Americans aren't getting the 1,200 milligrams of calcium and 400 IUs of vitamin D they should get each day (a single glass of vitamin D fortified milk contains one quarter of these daily needs).
In addition to your daily multivitamin, take a calcium supplement that contains vitamin D (amounts of each vary by product, so check labels).

According to the NIH Office of Dietry SupplementThe Recommened Daily Value varies according to age.
Birth to 50 years=5 Micrograms or 200 International Units ( 200IU)
Ages 51 to 70 years=10 Micrograms or 400 International Units (400IU)
Ages 71 and older=15 micrograms or 600 International Units (600IU)

There exists another set of numbers known as the Tolerable Upper Intake Level where Vitam "D" can be taken. Page Author has not verified the levels and suggests that patients discuss with their doctor or Neutritionist.

NOTE: Supplements made with calcium carbonate, the most common and least expensive type, should be consumed with a meal, while calcium citrate and calcium gluconate pills go down easy even on an empty stomach.

For more information, visit the NIH Office of Dietry Supplement's Vitamin "D" page @ ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/vitamind.asp
" E " Vitamins
Anti-Oxidant that prevents premature reaction to oxygen in the body, plus preventing the breakdown of many substances in the body. Essential to the use of oxygen by muscles, helps improve circulation , promotes normal clotting & healing, Extends life of " Red " Blood cells, Aids in skin softness, aids in eye care..( usually recommended by Optomologist & Retina Specialists ) The most powerful of the so called antioxidant nutrients, vitamin E is crucial in preventing or minimizing the damage caused by molecules brought about by smoking, pollutants, and radiation. These molecules, called free radicals, contribute to heart disease, cancer, wrinkling-and some 200 other diseases associated with aging.

Basically, vitamin E acts as armor preventing these damaging molecules from wreaking their havoc on healthy cells. "The problem is, after about age 40 or 45, the body produces more free radicals and fewer natural antioxidants to fight them, " says researcher James Jessup, Ph.D., RN., of the University of Florida College of Nursing. Unfortunately, vitamin E is also the hardest antioxidant to get from diet alone.Unless you eat two entire bunches of spinach each day or enough nuts to qualify as a squirrel, you may not be getting enough E for it to be effective.

Wheat Germ, Soybean Oil, Most Vegetables, Safflower Oil, Raw Seeds & Nuts, Eggs, Leafy Vegetables, Beef Liver, Milk,Molasses, Peanuts,Legumes, Unrefined Cereal Products, Whole Wheat,Sunflower, Safflower. Sunflower Seeds, Broccoli, Avacardos, Peaches,Spinish, Asparagus, Dried Prunes, Peanut Butter..Supplement your diet with between 200 and 400 IUs (inter¬national units) of E daily in addition to your multivitamin. Jessup reports in Biological Research for Nursing that a daily vitamin E supplement helped healthy seniors slash in half their levels of a blood marker that indicates free radical damage.

See Other links below for more information on Vitamin "E"

For more details about Vitamin "E"  Click Here
Fish Oil...Seeds... ( Omega-3,6,9 )
The omega-3 fatty acids,commonly known as fish oil,have made headlines for helping to prevent heart disease. But they are a prized catch for other reasons: Memory loss, Depression, and even Learning problems can result from a deficiency in omega-3s,... high amounts may ease digestive woes, inhibit cancerous tumors,help prevent Alzheimer's, and relieve pain and inflammation.

Studies "suggest" that fish oil can take a big bite out of arthritis pain.  " says John Klippel, M.D., medical director of the Arthritis Foundation.
Consider eating more seafood. You'll maintain or improve heart health with at least two servings of salmon or mackerel a week. But eating fish alone won't do the trick. Many of the documented disease fighting benefits derived from fish oil have come as a result of taking concentrate supplements of about 1,000 milligrams

See more on Fish Oils in Food Supplements below

For Data on Omega-3 and Heart Disease, and more   Click to visit link

Another excellent site on Omega-3 supplements 
 Can be access here

More on the benefits of Omega-3Click to access
" K " Vitamin
Required for the formulation of Prothrombin which is needed for blood clotting, Essential for normal Liver functioning, Aids in the absorption of calcium in bone and much more.

An excellent site about Vitamin "K" can be located by   Clicking Here

Another link to visit on THE USE OF VITAMIN K   www.warfarininfo.com/vitamin-K.htm

To Much Vitamin "K" can cause Blood Clots if you are taking a blood thinner...Be Sure To Visit this link www.warfarininfo.com/foods.htm

If you are taking Coumadin®You might find this book on "A Complete Guide to Healthy Meals When Taking Coumadin" of interest. Click to visit link Scroll down page to heading You could also "Ask The Dietition about "How Many" and "What Percent" of Vitamin "K" foods contain, plus more data you should know.  Click to visit Dietitian's "Excellent"site
If you are taking warfarin,(Coumadin ) you need to be particularly careful not to alter your intake of vitamin-K containing foods without "first discussing with your doctor( Cardiologist)...who can adjust your intake of Coumadin to compensate for your eating habits.

It would be in your interest to visit this site On Warfarin's Interactions with Vitamins, Herbs, and Foods, plus Do's & Do-Not's that you should discuss with your doctor. Click to access data

For listing of foods High In Vitamin "K"Click to access link Another excellent source for Vitamin "K"...Kale...Can Be found here

If you have been diagnosed with Congestive Heart Failure or Heart Failure and are taking Coumadin , Wafarin or other blood thinner,"Be Sure To ask your Cardiologist about taking foods or vitamin supplements that contain Vitamin "K"  which causes the blood to thicken

Is there a good balance between the amount of vitamin K intake and warfarin? Yes. It is different for every person. The more vitamin K you take in, the higher the warfarin dose will be to keep the clotting level down to the desired level.

Recommended dietary allowance (RDA) for vitamin K is 80 mg/day for the adult man, 65 mg/day for the adult woman, and 5 mg/day for the newborn infant...As of 2006.

Leafy "Green" Vegetables,Foods that contain a significant amount of vitamin K include: beef liver, green tea, turnip greens, broccoli, spinach, cabbage, asparagus, and dark green lettuce...Chard, Kale. Chlorophyll, which is water soluble, is the substance in plants that gives them their green color and provides vitamin K...Coliflower, Kelp, Cow's Milk, Yogurt, Alfalfa, Egg Yolks,Blackstrap Molasses,polyunsaturated oils, Fish Liver Oils. including -- per cup of vegetable -- kale (547 mcg), Swiss chard (299 mcg), and turnip greens (138 mcg), spring onions, and brussels sprouts are rich in vitamin K. Other foods with some vitamin " K "are pistachios, vegetable oils, meats, and dairy products.

Vitamin K is essential for the formation of several blood clotting factors, therefore the main symptom of a deficiency is an increased tendency to bleed. It antagonizes the action of oral anticoagulants (blood thinners) such as warfarin. Vitamin K1 (phytonadione) is found in plants, vitamin K2 (the menaquinones) is made by bacteria in the gut, and vitamin K3 (menadione) is the precursor to menaquinone-4.

Deficiency
Defective blood clotting is present in vitamin K deficiency. Symptoms can be produces by coumarin anticoagulants and by antibiotic therapy. Inadequate vitamin K may be absorbed with obstruction to bile flow since the vitamin is poorly absorbed in the absence of bile. Other forms of malabsorption from the gastrointestinal tract and certain types of liver disease may also lead to a vitamin K deficiency. Vitamin K may be given to infants with bleeding tendencies. Doses of vitamin K are individualized and should only be given with medical supervision.

Freezing may destroy vitamin K, but heating does not affect it.

Antibiotics interfere with vitamin K absorption

For an excellent review of the benefits of Vitamin "K"  Visit this link
Another good source for Vitamin "K" data
 Can Be found here

Lutein
This nutrient acts like a pair of sun glasses, shielding your eyes from the hazards of ultraviolet light that lead to cataracts and macular degeneration."But more recently, there's also evidence that lutein may reduce the risk of heart disease and some cancers,"  says Blumberg. There's no RDA (recommended daily allowance) for Lutein, and its best food sources are collard greens, kale, and spinach. People taking the anticoagulant Coumadin/Wafarin®: or who have a history of clotting problems should check with their doctor before increasing these greens, because they affect clotting..

An alternative: egg yolks, another lutein loaded food (though there's that little matter of cholesterol). Or look for a multivitamin that contains about 250 micrograms of lutein (some formulas contain none
Multiple Vitamins
Balanced form of essential nutrients to help maintain a healthy life. Available in many strengths and formulations to suit all requirements See Label for specifics
MINERIALS
A physician should be consulted before using any supplements

CALCIUM
Builds Strong Bones & Teeth, Needed for Muscle Growth, Aids in normalizing blood clotting & is required for rhythmic heart action and the transmission of nerve impulses, May help prevent bone loss associated with Osteoporosis Milk & Milk Products, Yogurt, Cheese, Whole Grains, Unrefined Cereals, Green Vegetables, Bone Meal with Vitamin " D " Sardines, Salmon, Soybeans, Peanuts.
CHROMIUM
Aids in Carbohydrates Utilization...Metabolism of Glucose( Energy ), The Synthrsis of fatty acids & cholestrol. Helps bring protein to where it's needed. is necessary for energy production and the proper synthesis of cholesterol, fats and proteins. Meats, Clams, Brewers Yeast, UNsaturated Fats. Corn Oil etc.,Liver, Whole Grain Cereal, Chicken, Shellfish
IRON
Required for the production of Hemoglobin & Oxygenation of Red Blood Cells, builds up blood quality, increases resistance s well as increasing energy production

With Dairy products or Antacids, If you need to take an Antacid, take it two (2) hours after a dose of iron



Side Effects To Report To A Doctor

Blue Lips, Nails or Palms...Dark Colored Stools...can be from the Iron, but also can indicate more serious condition.
Drouseness
Pain, Swallowing
Pale or Clammy Skin
Sizures
Stomach Pains
Unusual Tiredness
Vomiting
Weak, Fast or Irregular Heartbeat


Following do not require Medical Attention, BUT tell your doctor if you experience:

Constipation
Indigestion
Nausia or Upset Stomach

Lean, organ, Meats, Brewers Yeast, Liver, Eggs, Whole Grain Breads and cereals, Vegstables,Heart, Kidney..Cooked Dried Beans & Peas,Fish, Poultry, Prunes, Prune Juice, Oysters,

BUT!!!...An excess of iron can be dangerous, since as many as one in 250 Americans have a genetic condition called hemochromatosis, which leads them to absorb iron too efficiently, increasing the risk of cardiovascular problems, liver failure and other ills. 

Even if you don't have hemochromatosis, excess iron may pose dangers.

A few studies have linked high levels with heart disease, diabetes or cancer, though the connection isn't firm. Certain medications may have beneficial or harmful interactions with iron. Refer to the individual drugs for specific information about an interaction. Click Here To Visit "Drug Interactions Safety Check" Site

Many senior formulas contain no iron,with good reason. "Increased iron is associated with a higher risk of heart disease,"  says Tufts University vitamin expert Jeffrey Blumberg, Ph.D. "Once women stop menstruating, they stop losing iron, and men have been storing it all along."

The daily requirement drops to one third of levels required by pregnant women, yet most people over 60 consume more than they need from their diet and supplements. If your current daily multivitamin includes iron, swap it for an iron free brand.  unless your physician has prescribed that you should take Iron.

Following copied from Healthsmart To-day Magazine ...Winter 2005 issue.

Iron rich foods include:Red Meat...Poultry...Fish...& Seafood
Vegetarian's should consider: Beans, Leafy Green Vegetables,& Iron fortified grains, Cereals

Vitamin "C": helps with Iron Absorption. Try drinking "Orange Juice"with Iron-Rich foods.

Tannins in Tea can interfere with Iron Absorption.  Avoid drinking tea with Iron Rich Foods.

If your thinking is fuzzy, your multi­tasking muddled, and you don't know where you left your cell phone, it may be time to boost your iron intake.  A clear and quick mind needs adequate iron as much as muscles and other body parts.

Even a small deficiency can significantly impair concentration and memory,  says a Penn State University study presented at the Experimental Biology meeting in Washington, DC (April 2004). In the study, women with sufficient iron levels easily surpassed anemic women in every mental category tested-attention, memory, and learning.

Lack of iron can also lead to breathlessness, fatigue, poor physical endurance, impaired immune response, temperature regulation difficulties, and changes in energy metabolism.

Recent federal surveys say between eight and 10 million Americans are iron deficient, particularly 18 to 35 year old women. Women with heavy periods are particularly at risk.

The Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) for iron is 18 mg for women and 8 mg for men, but  check with your doctor before taking supplements.   The National Institutes of Health recommends trying to get enough iron from your diet. -KS

End of Healthsmart To-Day article...Highlights & Scrolling added by page author.

Excellent site relative to "Iron Overload"www.ironoverload.org/facts.htmlCan be found here

MAGNESIUM
Major substance in proper functioning of nerves & muscles, plus healthy maintenance of bones,

A multipurpose mineral, magnesium is required for some 300 different bodily functions, including keeping your heart rhythm steady, maintaining normal muscle and nerve function, and metabolizing food into energy.

It's especially important for older Americans for another reason: "Magnesium, like vitamin D, also works with calcium for bone strength," says Sue Moores, an American Dietetic Association spokesperson and St. Paul, Minnesota, registered dietician who specializes in age related nutrition.

Helps protect the arterial lining from the stress of sudden blood pressure changes.Magnesium is used to help the body form its bones, protein, and fatty acids. Also aids in the clotting of blood, creation of new cells, activation of vitamins, and the formation of ATP (Adenosine triphosphate
Pretend it's Halloween. Two handfuls of dried pumpkin seeds contain nearly all of the 320 milligrams needed by women each day, and about three fourths of the 420 milligrams required for men. Magnesium is also abundant in nuts, legumes, rice bran, and other whole grains, and even some antacids. Along with a daily multivitamin, a few servings each week of these magnesium-rich foods can prevent deficiency in most people.

Peas, Dark Green Vegetables, Nuts, Whole Grain Foods, Dry Beans, Soy Products
MANGANESE
Required for protein, carbohydrate fat production,Necessary for normal skeletal development, Helps maintain sex hormone production, nourishes the nerves & brain Bone Meal With Vitamin " D ",Egg Yolks,Sunflower Seeds, Wheat Germ, Whole Grain Cereals & Flower, Dried Peas, Brewers Yeast
PHOSPHORUS
Required for utilization of carbohydrates, fats and proteins for growth, maintenance, repair of cells and energy production. Necessary for skeletal growth & tooth development Fish, Whole Grains, Meat, Seeds , Nuts
POTASSIUM
Required for muscles, nerves and heart. Aids in proper maintenance of mineral balance of blood as well as a stable blood pressure. Combines with Sodium to regulate the body's water balance.
Evidence -Based Potassium Usage ...Details on the Good and Bad of Potassium.. Click to read specifics If you are taking Potassium, you should read.
Whole Grains,Pranges, Green Leafy Vegetables, Sun Flower Seeds, Potatoes(Skins preferably), Bananas, Lean Meats,Avacados, Apricots, Orange Juice, Dried Fruits, Cooked Dried Beans, Peas
SELENIUM
A Required trace mineral . Plays many important roles in body.Important Antioxidant, spares Vitamin " E " which boosts the cells antioxidant defense system. As part of the Thyroid hormone, assists in regulating body's metabolic rate.Selenium located throughout body tissue. Concentrations are in the male testicles, pancreas and liver.Selenium supports the body's immune system, helps the body produce antibodies and helps your heart stay healthy

A stalwart antioxidant, selenium protects healthy cells from free radical damage that can cause heart disease, arthritis, and various forms of cancer. While selenium is present in most plants,and in the animals that eat them,the amount you consume from these sources varies, depending on where the crops were grown and how much they're refined. Consequently, it's questionable whether or not you're getting enough,and the odds stack up even higher against you if you have digestive problems such as Crohn's disease.
Broccoli, Bran, Onions, Tomatoes, Tuna, Wheat Germ, Sward Fish Salmon, Cracked Wheat Bread, Selenium Rich Yeast, Sunflower Seeds, Oysters,Shrimp ...selenium is getting a lot of attention from researchers because it may lower the risk of prostate cancer, and perhaps other cancers.  In a 1998 study, men with high levels of the mineral had half the risk of developing prostate cancer that spreads as men whose levels were low. There's no risk with 200 mcg. of selenium daily, says nutritional biochemist Gerald Combs, and the extra might do you some good.Consider: A selenium pill containing 200 mcg...That's " Microgram!!"

Continue taking that daily multivitamin. But read the label carefully. Some senior formulas have less than the 200 microgram dose recommended for boosting immunity in people over age 50. (Men need to pay special attention to dosage: At 200 mcg, selenium is believed to reduce the risk of prostate cancer.)

www.vitamins-nutrition.org/vitamins/selenium.html">More on the Benefits Of Selenium

www.spineuniverse.com/displayarticle.php/article1036.html">Selenium Guidelines and Cautions
ZINC
Required For Healing & development of new cells. Helps enzymes in digestion & matabolism. Needed for general growth, reproductive organs, normal functioning of prostate gland. Zinc is thought to help the body repair wounds, synthesize protein, preserve vision and boost the immune system.

Along with stimulating the activity of about a hundred different enzymes to strengthen immunity, heal wounds, and prevent infection, zinc is critical for keeping your sense of taste sharp as you age. "And many seniors have a diminished sense of taste," says Moores.  The majority of aging women and nearly half of men fail to get the RDA of 8 to 11 milligrams of zinc.
A single oyster contains about eight milligrams of zinc. If you prefer land critters, a six-ounce serving of beef, lamb, or pork contains your daily requirement, while nuts, cereals, and wheat germ are also good sources. As for supplements, most multivitamins contain the daily requirements for zinc. So, for insurance, it's a good idea to take that multivitamin for your zinc needs.

Bone Meal, Fish, Brewers Yeast, Beans, Nuts, Seeds, Wheat Germ, Meat, Liver.Oysters,Lean Meats, Poultry, Organ Meats, Whole Grain Bread & Cereals, Pumkin Seeds
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SUPPLEMENTS

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ACIDOPHILUS
Restores & Normalizes the growth of healthy bacteria that revitalizes what is needed for good intestinal hygiene
ALFALFA
Rich in Vitamin " K " and Calcium, Contains high potencies of almost all other vitamins & minerals plus eight (8) essential enzymes
BEE POLLEN
Contains the Amino Acids that systems cann ot manufacture, Rich in vitamins of the " B " Complex varitry. Gram per gram provides more protein than meat, eggs , cheese.
BREWERS YEAST
Good source of " B " Vitamins, Contains Large amounts of vitamins, minerals and amino acids
CHLORELLA
( Chinese) is a tota; food that includes a rich supply of nutrients:Orgabic Germanium, Nucleic Acids, Vitamins, Minerials & Amino Acids
CHONDROITIN
A Key Structual Component In Cartilage, Is A Glycosaminoglycan that plays an important role in the mantenance of joint cartilage.

See More on Chandroitin under "Glossary" and more on GLUCOSAMINE Below
CINNAMON
The Spice That Cuts Cholesterol and Blood Sugar

A dash of cinnamon could significantly lower your cholesterol, triglycerides, and blood sugar.

When 30 women and men with type 2 diabetes added a sprinkle to their meals, blood sugar and heart damaging blood fats (total cholesterol and triglycerides) fell 12 to 30% in just 40 days, say researchers at the USDA's Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center in Maryland.

Cinnamon makes muscle and liver cells more sensitive to signals from insulin, an important blood-sugar-controlling hormone, says study author Richard Anderson, PhD. Have a little (about 1/6 teaspoon) at breakfast, lunch, and dinner, for a daily total of about 1/2 teaspoon, he recommends. Since  cinnamon may reduce your need for diabetes or cholesterol medication,  ask your doctor if you need to adjust your dose.
Healing with Cinnamon:

Here's how to put Cinnamon's medicinal powers to work for you. This fragrant spice:

Fights tooth decay: Several toothpastes are cinnamon flavored for good reason. "Cinnamon is an antiseptic that helps kill the bacteria that cause tooth decay and gum disease," says Daniel B. Mowrey, Ph.D., director of the American Phytotherapy Research Laboratory in Salt Lake City and author of The Scientific Validation of Herbal Medicine. Cinnamon also kills many disease causing fungi and viruses. Cinnamon toothpastes can be found at supermarkets, drugstores and health food stores.

Soothes upset stomach: Like many culinary spices, Cinnamon helps calm the stomach. But a Japanese study of animals revealed that this spice may also help prevent ulcers.

To brew a stomach soothing tea, use ½ to ¾ teaspoon of powdered Cinnamon per cup of boiling water. Steep for 10 to 20 minutes. Drink up to three cups day.

Clears up urinary tract infections: One German study showed that Cinnamon "suppresses completely" the cause of most urinary tract infections (Escherichia coli bacteria) and the fungus responsible for vaginal yeast infections (Candida albicans).

Allows diabetics to use less insulin: Some studies have shown that Cinnamon helps people with diabetes metabolize sugar better.  In adult onset (Type II) diabetes, the pancreas produces insulin, but the body can't use it efficiently to break down blood sugar.

Researchers discovered that Cinnamon reduces the amount of insulin necessary for glucose metabolism. "One-eighth of a teaspoon of cinnamon triples insulin efficiency,"  say James A. Duke, Ph.D., a botanist retired from the U.S. Department of Agriculture and author of The CRC Handbook of Medicinal Herbs. Dr. Duke suggest that people with adult-onset diabetes discuss Cinnamon's benefits with their doctor.  Taking ½ to ¾ teaspoon of ground Cinnamon with each meal may help control blood sugar levels.

For more on Type2 diabetes and Cinnamin  Click Here

Safety Considerations:

The amounts of Cinnamon normally used in food are non-toxic, although some people experience allergic reactions after eating this spice.

Cinnamon oil is a different story. Applied to the skin, it may cause redness and burning. Taken internally, it can cause nausea, vomiting and possibly even kidney damage Never ingest Cinnamon oil.

Culinary Cinnamon is on the Food and Drug Administration's list of herbs generally regarded as safe.   For otherwise healthy non-pregnant adults, there's no danger from medicinal doses.

For more on Cinnamon benefits AND CAUTIONS   Click here

For information relative to Cinnamon and Type 2 Diabetes  Click Here

Norwegian COD LIVER OIL One of the most popular natural sources of Vitamin " A " & "D ". Cod Liver Oil is naturally rich in the Omega 3 Fatty Acids, EPA & DHA which helps support healthy circulation.
COENZYME CQ-10
Plays role in body's production of Adenosine Triphosphate( ATP ), the basic energy component of the human cell. Also Plays Role in Neutralizing harmful Free Radicals in cells.

An enzyme is a complex protein. It causes a chemical change in another substance, but is not changed in the process. Enzymes change proteins, starches, sugar into things that your body can digest

For much more on this Herb, visit Coenzyme link  by Clicking here,

For data about CQ10 and Women Click Here
EPA FISH OIL
A rich source of EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid )& DHA ( docasahexaenoic acid ) Two ( 2 ) essential Omega 3 Fatty Acids found in the natural oils of cold water fish
EVENING PRIMROSE OIL Rich source of polyunsaturated fatty acid gamma linolenic acid ( GIA ) needed by the body to regulate several body functions.Is one of the " Only " natural sources ...other than mother's milk, that supplies GIA directly to the diet.
GARLIC
Contains Potassium, Phosphorus, A significant amount of " B " vitamins, Calcium, Protein & Iron. Benefits of Garlic are in the natural chremicals ( Allicin ) that are released when it is crushed. Helps maintain healthy cholestrol levels..**.maintains healthy blood  Be Sure To Visit " Herbs " page for Garlic's Interactions With Medication
GLUCOSAMINE
Natural substance found in Joint Cartilege. Important for maintenance of joint cartilege. Popular for anyone who put stress on their joints.

For specifics about Glucosime Chondroitin and Glucosime Sulfate  Click to access link

If you are using or plan to use "Glucosamine " read about  The Side Effects of Glucosamine Glucosamine sulfate may increase the risk of developing insulin resistance and could decrease the metabolic actions of insulin. Although glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate are biochemically classed as carbohydrates (sugars), the body is not able to break them down into glucose, so these compounds do not raise blood sugar by providing an additional source of glucose. However, many factors can affect insulin secretion and blood glucose levels in diabetic patients.
It is recommended that individuals with Diabetes check their blood glucose levels frequently when initiating glucosamine into their regimen.For specificsClick Here

See More on Glucosime under "Glossary" below.and visit the Arthritis link 
 By clicking Here
LECITHIN
High in Phosphorus, provides the two ( 2 ) " B " factors Choline & Inisital..** Which are propagated to aid memory
PYCNOGENOL
Extracted from Pine Bark is a powerful protector against Free Radicals, One of the " Most Potent Antioxidant Dietary supplements available"
SHARK CARTILAGE
Natural & Unique supplement from sharks. Rich in proteins & carbohtdrates. A rich source of minerials, Calcium & Phosphorus.
SPIRULINA
Natural type of vegetable plankton that is rich in amino acids, vitamins and minerals
WHEY PROTEIN POWDER **
What is whey? A complex ( High Protein..Low Fat )ingredient made up of protein,lactose, fat and minerals. Protein is the best known component of whey and is made up of many smaller protein subfractions such as: Beta-lactoglobulin, alpha-lactalbumin, immunoglobulins(IgGs), glycomacropeptides, bovine serum albumin (BSA)and minor peptides such as lactoperoxidases, lysozyme actoferrin.ADD MISSING WORDS HERE

A growing number of studies has found whey may potentially reduce cancer rates, combat HIV, improve immunity, reduce stress and lower cortisol, increase brain serotonin levels, improve liver function in those suffering from certain forms of hepatitis, reduce blood pressure,and improve performance, to name a few of its potential medical- and sports-related applications.

Whey also has an exceptionally high biological value rating and an exceptionally high Branch Chain Amino Acid (BCAA) content.

One of whey's major effects is its apparent ability to raise glutathione GSH). The importance of GSH for the proper function of the immune system cannot be overstated.

GSH is arguably the most important water-soluble antioxidant found in the body.Because GSH is known to be essential to immunity,oxidative stress, and general well being, and because reduced levels of GSH are associated with a long list of diseases, whey has a place in anyone's nutrition program.For more on GSH (Glutathiuone ) Visit this site

Whey protein has become a staple supplement for most bodybuilders and other athletes, and for good reason: it's a great protein with a wide variety of benefits. Whey has more recently caught on with the anti aging/longevity-minded groups


*Supplements Copied from " Vitamin World's Nutritional Guide" ( No Statement of "Restrictions Against Copying " noted)

** Added by page author

GLOSSARY

ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE
(KEY), organic compound composed of adenine, the sugar ribose, and three phosphate groups. ATP serves as the major energy source within the cell to drive a number of biological processes such as photosynthesis, muscle contraction, and the synthesis of proteins. It is broken down by hydrolysis to yield adenosine diphosphate (ADP), inorganic phosphorus, and energy.
ARACHIDONIC ACID
substrate from which eicosanoids, e.g., prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and numerous other mediators, are produced.
ASCORBATE
A Particular form of vitamin " C "
BIOFLAVONOLDS
A group of substances found in virtually all plant foods that is essential to the health of the capillary walls, as well as for the metabolism of vitamin " C ".
CARTILAGE
A gel like rubbery tissue capping the ends of the bonesthat meet in a joint. A shock absorber, made of collagen and proteoglycans that protect the bone ends from wearing against each other.
CHONDROITIN SULFATES
Naturally occuring substances that inhibit the enzymes that can degrade cartilage, while helping to attract fluid to the proteoglycan molecules
EICOSAPENTAENOIC ACID ( EPR )
Best known of the Omega-3 Fatty Acids. Found in marine plants & fish. Made by algae,Plankton & Seaweed..in Cold water Fish Be aware that deep-frying destroys Omega-3 fatty acids, and adds loads of unhealthful fat
FATTY ACID
Anorganic Acid that is either manufactured by the body or supplied by the diet. Examples include Linoleic, Linolenic & Arachidonic acid.
GLUCOSAMINE
Key substance that determines how many proteoglycan ( Water Holding ) molecules are formed in the cartilage. The larger the amount of glucosamine the greater the amount of proteoglycans.
LEUKOTRIENES**
A collection of metabolites of arachidonic acid which have powerful pharmacological effects.
LINOLEIC ACID**
Found in Plant Oils: Corn, Soybean,Sunflower, Safflower, Flexseed & Other liht negetable oils. Helps the body Increase it's level of EPA which blocks oroduction of harmful prostaglandins.
LINOLENIC ACID** ( Alpha )
Found in Green Vegetables & Foods of Plant Origin. In ALA Form ( Alpha-Linolenic Axid ) it is an Omega-3 Fatty Acid, that blocks the production of overzealous Prostaglandins & Leukotrienes
LINOLENIC ACID** ( Gamma )
Found in black current oil, Evening Primrose Oil, & Borage Seed Oil, is a precurser of the " Good " prostaglandins which prevent blood platelets from sticking together, Improves the blood flow and " Reduce " Inflamation. In ALA Form ( Alpha-Linolenic Axid ) it is an Omega-3 Fatty Acid, that blocks the production of overzealous Prostaglandins & Leukotrienes..( GLA ) helps to manufature the "Good " prostaglandins. The Down Side  is that there oils (GLA ) have been shown to trigger Inflammation in some people, so be cautious if you decide to take them.
MANGANESE
Mineral that increases the effextiveness of both glucosamine and chondroitin sulfates & is important in synthesis of cartilage.
MINERAL
An Inorganic Substance such as Manganese or Zinc that is needed , in small quantities , for proper growth and functioning of the body.
PROSTAGLANDIN
A group of hormone like fatty acids that are produced by the body in small amounts that are responsible for the inflammation process, among other functions
PROTEOGLYCANS
Large ( water -binding ) molecules, consisting of proteins & sugars, that act as major building blocks of cartilage
PROTHROMBIN
A plasma protein that is converted into thrombin during blood clotting
VITAMINS
Any group of organic compounds that the body needs for normal growth, development & matabolism. Most  can not  be synthesised by the body so must be supplied by the diet. Lack of a vitamin can cause a deficiency disease
WATER SOLUABLE VITAMINS Vitamins that easily desolve in water and can be eliminated from the body in a short time. Water Soluable vitamins include the " B " & " C " Vitamins


Information you should know

Many popular medications rob you of vital vitamins and minerals.  Among the worst offenders:

Pain relievers such as aspirin, Tylenol, and Advil deplete vitamin C, which,like vitamin E, beta carotene and selenium,are important for healthy skin, strong immunity, and preventing damage caused by harmful molecules called free radicals.

Diuretics to control high blood pressure such as Aldoclor and Lozol can eliminate potassium, needed to maintain electrical stability of cells in the heart and nervous system and to ensure proper fluid balance within the body and its cells.

Hormone replacement drugs such as Premarin and Estratab can lead to deficiencies in vitamin B-6 (PYRIDOXINE...See above for more on this vitamin )which plays a crucial role in maintaining the body's immune system and is required for nerve health as well as in magnesium and zinc.

Antidepressants in the SSRI family (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors) such as Prozac, Paxil, and Zoloft, may deplete zinc, selenium, and some B vitamins.

Anti-inflammatory corticosteroids such as hydrocortisone and prednisone can deplete vitamin C, potassium, and B vitamins.

Over-the-counter laxatives containing mineral oil eliminate more than just waste. They interfere with many nutrients by removing them from the intestines before they can be absorbed by the body.



SITES TO VISIT FOR MORE VITAMIN-NUTRICIAN INFORMATION
Vitamins...Daily Intake...Vitamins: Comparison of Current RDIs, New DRIs and ULs Recommendations Sports supplements... provide additional nutrition whether the athlete is young or old, elite or novice. The Food and Nutrition Information Center (FNIC) at the National Agricultural Library (NAL) has been a leader in food and human nutrition information dissemination since 1971.Site provides a directory to credible, accurate, and practical resources for consumers, nutrition and health professionals, educators and government personnel
Is It Possible To Overdose On Vitamins?...YES !!! Got A Vitamin Question? Dr.A.Weil provides answers to posted questions...and much more Vitamins and Minerals... All you want to know and more
Herbshops " Guide To Vitamins "...page is designed to provide nutritional and historical information on selected vitamins. Be Sure To Read Disclaimer At Beginning Of Page Herbshops " Guide To Minerals "...page is designed to provide nutritional and historical information on selected minerals. Be Sure To Read Disclaimer At Beginning Of Page Benefits of Folic Acid
Food Sources For Vitamins Google's site on "Glucosimine-Chondroitin"..Does it help? All Dietary Supplements
Natural Foods Calculator MSM - The Natural Solution For Arthritis...You decide with your doctor Government Site on Vitamins-- Nutrition& more
Everyone is aware that eating several serving of vegetables helps us stay healthy. But we don't always heed good advises. Research indicates that green food is showing great promise in radiation and environmental toxicity, cancer prevention, infections and many other degenerative diseases. It's In Your Interest, To Visit This Site Pycnogenol... a natural plant extract that contains two very powerful antioxidant elements that help to protect our body from free radicals. Problems Found With Multi-Vitamins and Multi-Minerals by Consumerlab.com
Nutrition, Cholesterol & Fat Calculator You are what you eat. Healthy foods and a well-balanced diet promote good heart-health; unhealthy foods starve your body of much needed nutrients and can pack your arteries with harmful fats. To help plan their diets, many Americans follow the Food Guide Pyramid and carefully read nutrition labels. This calculator provides you with yet another tool to determine the nutritional content of the foods you eat and/or the recipes you prepare. According to nutritionist Dr. Raphael Rettner, there are now currently 11 major food groups: beans, grains, vegetables, nuts and seeds, meats, dairy products, fats, beverages, fermented foods, high-energy foods and healthy snacks. The following nutritional guide details each group’s Good & Bad contents. Plus The " Risks " in eating certain foods Dr. Decuypere's Nutrient charts™~~ Vitamin Chart~~Use these charts to find the nutrient contents of your favorite fruits and vegetables
What are Vitamins?...Vitamins are organic chemicals, other than essential amino acids and fatty acids that must be supplied to the body in small amounts to maintain health. Health Center's...Vitamins & Supplements Site and much more How Vitamins Work
Custom Fit Vitamins...Readers Digest site Nutrition Tips For Older Americans Vitamin Guide Index...Select a topic or jump to a letter
Facts about Vitamin " E " Facts about Dietary Supplements Ask the Dietition...Your questions answered...Excellent site...Worth your time to visit
Vitamins and Supplements Nutrition Density Index... The How's & Why's of nutrition, you should know. Nutrician Facts
Be Sure To Take The Quiz...The Benefits of Nutritional Supplements compiled by the Council for Responsible Nutrition Vitamin Guide...by Deliciousliving Magazine
Safetychecker Indexed by Nutritional Supplement index of over 14,000 vitamins, herbs and nutritional supplements, from meal replacements to plant oils and sports nutrition, is available to subscribers. Join Now! Daily Allowance of Vitamins chart...You should check the chart BEFORE you ingest a vitamin to insure that what your taking is right
Vitamins Supplements and Herbs...Extensive Listing


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