Ceratosauroidea Marsh, 1884 sensu Bonaparte, Novas and Coria, 1990
Definition- (Carnotaurus sastrei <- Coelophysis bauri) (modified from Sereno, 1998)
= Neoceratosauria sensu Padian et al., 1999
Definition- (Ceratosaurus nasicornis <- Coelophysis bauri) (modified)

Neotheropoda sensu Padian et al. 1999
Definition- (Ceratosaurus nasicornis + Passer domesticus) (modified)
= Neotheropoda sensu Kischlat, 2002
Definition- (Ceratosaurus nasicornis + Allosaurus fragilis) (modified)
= Averostra sensu Ezcurra and Cuny, 2007
Definition- (Ceratosaurus nasicornis + Allosaurus fragilis)

"Allosaurus" medius Marsh, 1888
= Antrodemus medius (Marsh, 1888) Hay, 1901
= Dryptosaurus medius (Marsh, 1888) Gilmore, 1920
= Labrosaurus medius (Marsh, 1888) Kuhn, 1939
Late Aptian-Early Albian, Early Cretaceous
Arundel Formation, Maryland, US
Holotype- (USNM 4972) tooth (75 mm)
Referred- ?(Chas Coffin coll.) tooth (Lull, 1911)
?(Goucher College 2521; lost) pedal phalanx III-1 (110 mm) (Lull, 1911)
?(USNM 3121) tooth (Lull, 1911)
?(USNM 3446) tooth (Lull, 1911)
?(USNM 5685; not Goucher College, contra Lull) tooth (76 mm) (Lull, 1911)
?(USNM 5693) tooth (Lull, 1911)
?(USNM 8447) tooth (Lull, 1911)
?(USNM 8502; = Goucher College 2534) anterior sacral centrum (90 mm) (Lull, 1911)
?(USNM 8503; = Goucher College 2614) proximal caudal centrum (107 mm) (Lull, 1911)
?(USNM 8504; = Goucher College 2536) proximal half of pedal phalanx II-1 (Lull, 1911)
Diagnosis- Provisionally indeterminate relative to Acrocanthosaurus atokensis.
Comments- Lipka (pers. comm.) notes the holotype tooth is almost identical to Acrocanthosaurus atokensis, so these taxa may be synonymous. None of the referred material can be assigned to this taxon with certainty, as it is not comparable (postcrania) or has not been compared in detail (teeth). Lull (1911) originally believed USNM 8502 to be a posterior dorsal centrum.
References- Marsh, 1888. Notice of a new genus of Sauropoda and other new dinosaurs from the Potomac Formation. Am. J. Sci. (set. 3) 35: 89-94.
Hay, 1901.
Lull, 1911. Systematic paleontology of the Lower Cretaceous deposits of Maryland: Vertebrata. Maryland Geological Survey. Lower Cretaceous volume, 183-211.
Gilmore, 1920. Osteology of the carnivorous Dinosauria in the United States National Museum with special reference to the genera Antrodemus (Allosaurus) and Ceratosaurus. United States National Museum Bulletin. 110, l-154.
Kuhn, 1939. Beitrage zur Keuperfauna von Halberstadt. Palaeontol. Z. 2: 258-286.

Allosaurus? trihedrodon (Cope, 1877) Glut, 1997
= Laelaps trihedrodon Cope, 1877
= Dryptosaurus trihedrodon (Cope, 1877) Hay, 1902
= Creosaurus trigonodon (misspelling of C. trihedrodon) (Cope, 1877) Osborn, 1931
= Antrodemus trihedrodon (Cope, 1877) Kuhn, 1939
= Hypsirophus trihedrodon (Cope, 1877) Cope vide Chure, 2001
Kimmeridgian-Tithonian, Late Jurassic
Brushy Basin Memberr of the Morrison Formation, Colorado, US
Holotype- (lost) dentary, eight teeth
Referred- ?(AMNH coll., lost) femur, tibia (Chure, 2001)
?(lost) skull fragments, other bones (Chure, 2001)
Comments- The holotype is lost and was not described in enough detail to support synonymy with Allosaurus or other large Morrison theropods. AMNH 5780 was referred to this taxon as well, but is probably an Allosaurus specimen.
References- Cope, 1877. On a carnivorous dinosaurian from the Dakota beds of Colorado. Bull. U.S. Geol. Surv. Territories 3: 805-806.
Hay, 1902. Bibliography and catalogue of the fossil Vertebrata of North America. Bull. U. S. Geol. Surv. CLXXIX 1-868.
Osborn, 1931. Cope: Master Naturalist. Princeton: Princeton University Press, New York: Arno press.
Kuhn, 1939. Beitrage zur Keuperfauna von Halberstadt. Palaeontol. Z. 2: 258-286.
Glut, 1997. Dinosaurs - The Encyclopedia. McFarland Press, Jefferson, NC. 1076pp.
Chure, 2001. On the type and referred material of Laelaps trihedrodon Cope 1877 (Dinosauria: Theropoda). in Tanke and Carpenter, eds.. Mesozoic Vertebrate Life: New Research inspired by the Paleontology of Philip J. Currie, Indiana University Press, Bloomington & Indianapolis, Indiana: xviii + 542 pp. 10-18.

Altispinax Huene, 1923
A. dunkeri (Dames, 1884) Huene, 1923
= Megalosaurus dunkeri Dames, 1884
Barremian, Early Cretaceous
Obernkirchen Sandstein, Germany
Holotype- (UM 84) tooth
Comments- Huene (1923) stated that if the dorsal vertebrae (BMNH R1828; later made the holotype of Becklespinax altispinax) were shown to belong to Megalosaurus dunkeri, it would be renamed Altispinax. Kuhn (1939) was the first author to definitively tie a species to the genus, making Altispinax dunkeri official. The conditional nature of Huene's (1923) statement prevents it from attaching the name Altispinax to the vertebrae by ICZN rules (contra Rauhut, 2000).
References- Huene, 1923. Carnivorous Saurischia in Europe since the Triassic. Bulletin of the Geological Society of America. 34: 449-458.
Kuhn, 1939. Beitrage zur Keuperfauna von Halberstadt. Palaeontol. Z. 2: 258-286.
Rauhut, 2000. The interrelationships and evolution of basal theropods (Dinosauria, Saurischia). Ph.D. dissertation, Univ. Bristol [U.K.], 1-440.
http://www.cmnh.org/dinoarch/2002Jan/msg00247.html
A? sp. indet. (Benton and Spencer, 1995)
Valanginian, Early Cretaceous
Hastings Beds, England
Material- (BMNH R1954) teeth, limb elements
teeth, vertebrae
Comments- This material was referred to Altispinax by Benton and Spencer (1995), but the holotype is provisionally undiagnostic.
Reference- Benton and Spencer, 1995. Fossil Reptiles of Great Britain. Chapman & Hall, London.
A? sp. indet. (Huene, 1926)
Middle Valanginian, Early Cretaceous
Wadhurst Clay of the Hastings Beds, England
Material- (BMNH 39213) tooth
(BMNH R604) tooth
(BMNH R604a) incomplete anterior dorsal vertebra
(BMNH R604b) incomplete scapula
(BMNH R604c) tibia
(BMNH R604d) metatarsal IV
(BMNH R641) tooth
(BMNH R1525) metatarsal II
(BMNH coll.) incomplete mid caudal vertebra
Comments- This material was referred to Altispinax by Huene (1926), but the holotype is provisionally undiagnostic. BMNH R604a, 604c-d and 1525 were referred to Valdoraptor (then Megalosaurus) oweni by Lydekker (1890). All the material is from an earlier horizon than either genus, though it hasn't been compared in detail to either.
References- Lydekker, 1888. Catalogue of the Fossil Reptilia and Amphibia in the British Museum (Natural History), Cromwell Road, S.W., Part 1. Containing the Orders Ornithosauria, Crocodilia, Dinosauria, Squamta, Rhynchocephalia, and Proterosauria: British Museum of Natural History, London, 309pp.
Huene, 1926. The carnivorous Saurischia in the Jura and Cretaceous Formations, principally in Europe. Revista del Museo de La Plata. 29, 1-167.
A? sp. indet. (Huene, 1926)
Hauterivian-Barremian, Early Cretaceous
Weald Clay, Belgium?
Material- tooth
Comments- This tooth was referred to Altispinax by Huene (1926), but the holotype is provisionally undiagnostic. It may belong to Becklespinax, Valdoraptor, Neovenator, Calamosaurus, Eotyrannus or another Wealden theropod.
References- Dollo, 1909.
Huene, 1926. The Carnivorous Saurischia in the Jura and Cretaceous Formations, Principally in Europe: Revista del Museo de La Plata, tomo 29, p. 1-167.
A? sp. indet. (Huene, 1926)
Hauterivian-Barremian, Early Cretaceous
Weald Clay, England
Material- (BMNH 28958) partial posterior dorsal centrum
(BMNH 37691) dorsal centrum
(BMNH 44806) tooth
(BMNH R139) two dorsal centra, partial sacrum
(BMNH R141) dorsal centrum
(BMNH R210) tooth
Comments- This material was referred to Altispinax by Huene (1926), but the holotype is provisionally undiagnostic. They may belong to Baryonyx, Becklespinax, Valdoraptor, Neovenator, Calamosaurus, Eotyrannus or another Wealden theropod.
References- Lydekker, 1888. Catalogue of the Fossil Reptilia and Amphibia in the British Museum (Natural History), Cromwell Road, S.W., Part 1. Containing the Orders Ornithosauria, Crocodilia, Dinosauria, Squamta, Rhynchocephalia, and Proterosauria: British Museum of Natural History, London, 309pp.
Huene, 1926. The Carnivorous Saurischia in the Jura and Cretaceous Formations, Principally in Europe: Revista del Museo de La Plata, tomo 29, p. 1-167.
A? sp. indet. (Huene, 1926)
Barremian, Early Cretaceous
Upper Weald Clay, England
Material- (BMNH 2141) posterior dorsal neural arch
(BMNH 2294) caudal vertebra
(BMNH 2295) caudal vertebra
(BMNH 2315) tooth
(BMNH 2332) tooth
(BMNH 2482) pedal ungual
(BMNH 2501) pedal phalanx ?-1 fragment, two pedal phalangeal fragments
(BMNH 2503) pedal phalanx III-2
(BMNH 2553) metacarpal
(BMNH 2574) distal metatarsal III
(BMNH 2661) metatarsal II
(BMNH 2680) metatarsal III
(BMNH 2828) tooth
(BMNH 3221) tooth
(BMNH 3222) tooth
(BMNH 3223-3224) four teeth
(BMNH 3225) tooth
(BMNH 3333) tooth
(BMNH 3640) proximal pedal phalanx ?-1
(BMNH 26012) tooth
(BMNH 28422) tooth
(BMNH 35523) tooth
(BMNH 36495) metacarpal
(BMNH 36496) metacarpal
(BMNH 36551) proximal pedal phalanx ?-1
(BMNH 36522) tooth
(BMNH 39397) tooth
(BMNH R235) tooth
(BMNH R1105) manual ungual III
Comments- This material was referred to Altispinax by Huene (1926), but the holotype is provisionally undiagnostic. BMNH 2574, 2661 and 2680 were referred to Valdoraptor (then Megalosaurus) oweni by Lydekker (1890). They may belong to Baryonyx, Becklespinax, Valdoraptor, Neovenator, Calamosaurus, Eotyrannus or another Wealden theropod.
References- Lydekker, 1888. Catalogue of the Fossil Reptilia and Amphibia in the British Museum (Natural History), Cromwell Road, S.W., Part 1. Containing the Orders Ornithosauria, Crocodilia, Dinosauria, Squamta, Rhynchocephalia, and Proterosauria: British Museum of Natural History, London, 309pp.
Lydekker, 1890. Contributions to our Knowledge of the dinosaurs of the Wealden and the sauropterygians of the Purbeck and Oxford Clay: Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London, p. 36-53.
Huene, 1926. The Carnivorous Saurischia in the Jura and Cretaceous Formations, Principally in Europe: Revista del Museo de La Plata, tomo 29, p. 1-167.
A? sp. indet. (Huene, 1926)
Aptian, Early Cretaceous
Lower Greensand, England
Material- (BMNH 40455) partial distal caudal vertebra
(BMNH 42032) dorsal centrum
Comments- This tooth was referred to Altispinax by Huene (1926), but the holotype is provisionally undiagnostic.
References- Lydekker, 1888. Catalogue of the Fossil Reptilia and Amphibia in the British Museum (Natural History), Cromwell Road, S.W., Part 1. Containing the Orders Ornithosauria, Crocodilia, Dinosauria, Squamta, Rhynchocephalia, and Proterosauria: British Museum of Natural History, London, 309pp.
Huene, 1926. The Carnivorous Saurischia in the Jura and Cretaceous Formations, Principally in Europe: Revista del Museo de La Plata, tomo 29, p. 1-167.

Calamospondylus Fox vide Anonymous, 1866
C. oweni Fox vide Anonymous, 1866
Early Barremian, Early Cretaceous
Wessex Formation, England
Holotype- (lost) sacrum (152 mm), ilial fragments
Comments- This is not the same specimen as the Aristosuchus pusillus holotype (Naish, 2002), nor is it definitively shown to be synonymous with Aristosuchus or Calamosaurus.
References- Anonymous, 1866. Another new Wealden reptile. The Athenaeum, 2014, 740.
Naish, 2002. The historical taxonomy of the Lower Cretaceous theropods (Dinosauria) Calamospondylus and Aristosuchus from the Isle of Wight. Proceedings of the Geologists' Association. n. 113, p. 153-163.

"Capitalsaurus" Kranz, 1998
"C." potens (Lull, 1911) new comb.
= Creosaurus potens Lull, 1911
= Dryptosaurus potens (Lull, 1911) Gilmore, 1920
Late Aptian-Early Albian, Early Cretaceous
Arundel Formation, Maryland, US
Holotype- (USNM 3049) (7-10 m) proximal caudal centrum (140 mm)
Referred- ?(USNM 8505) manual ungual I (Gilmore, 1920)
Diagnosis- proximal caudal centra slightly opisthocoelous; proximal caudal centra with single ventral keel.
Description- The holotype was collected by J. K. Murphy in a Washington D.C. sewer. Comparison with Allosaurus (Madsen, 1976) indicates that the holotype is probably from the fifth or sixth caudal vertebra. Based on this, it is probably from an animal 7-10 meters long. Although Gilmore (1920) referred the mid-portion of a large pedal ungual I (USNM 8505) to this taxon, this was only based on size and provenence. No valid criterion suggest such an assignment was warrented, so it will not be discussed further.
The specimen is a proximal caudal centrum missing the neural arch and spine. In addition, some of the posterior surface has been abraded. The centrum is slightly opisthocoelous, with the anterior articular surface slanted slightly posteroventrally. It is strongly compressed laterally (anterior face 130 percent as tall as wide) and roughly oval in anterior view, with flattened sides. The neural canal is broad, though constricted in the middle. Ventrally, the centrum shows a single median keel, with a chevron facet posteriorly. Additionally, the ventral edge is only very slightly concave in lateral view. It is cancellous internally and lacks pleurocoels.
Relationships- Comparison to other theropods is difficult due to both the fragmentary nature of the specimen and the few detailed descriptions of caudal centra in the literature. As "Capitalsaurus" was discovered in Cretaceous deposits, it is assumed that the centrum did not derive from a basal theropod such as a coelophysoid or Dilophosaurus, which are only known from the Triassic and Early Jurassic. This species has been referred to Allosaurus and Dryptosaurus in the past, but is stratigraphically closest to Acrocanthosaurus. It will be compared to these three genera first, then to other genera that may be similar. The proximal caudals of Allosaurus are amphiplatyan to slightly procoelous, the opposite of "Capitalsaurus". Also, they are about as wide as tall, sometimes wider, and the ventral edge is much more concave. The ventral surface has a slight groove instead of a keel. Those of Dryptosaurus share the straighter ventral edge and are slightly taller than wide (~1.05 times), but no further details can be discerned. Acrocanthosaurus has caudal pleurocoels (like Carcharodontosaurus, but not Giganotosaurus), a concave ventral margin and amphiplatyan or amphicoelous centra. The ventral surface is grooved and the centra are 1-1.2 times taller than wide. The only theropod described as having opisthocoelous caudals is the segnosaur Nothronychus. This taxon differs from "Capitalsaurus" in having a median ventral groove, pleurocoels, an autapmorphic posterolateral tubercle, larger chevron facets and being slightly wider (1.16 times taller than wide). Among other segnosaurs, at least Neimongosaurus and Segnosaurus lack opisthocoelous centra. Several theropods are known to lack ventral grooves on the proximal caudals. These include Elaphrosaurus, Carnotaurus, Eustreptospondylus, Suchomimus, Sinraptor dongi, "Alashansaurus", Ornithomimus? sedens and alvarezsaurids. Of these, only alvarezsaurids are known have ventral keels, though the condition in most others is uncertain in this regard. Although most other theropods (eg. Ceratosaurus, Torvosaurus, Monolophosaurus, Nedcolbertia, Sinraptor hepingensis, Tyrannosaurus, Archaeornithomimus, Gallimimus, Microvenator, Chirostenotes) are described as having a ventral groove, the condition in Sinraptor dongi at least changes from convex in the proximal caudals to grooved in the mid and posterior caudals. This suggests our knowledge of which theropods have convex ventral surfaces on their proximal caudals is extremely limited, and subject to change as specimens are described more fully. Although alvarezsaurids do have ventral keels, they are otherwise quite dissimilar to "Capitalsaurus" in having strongly procoelous centra. Several theropods are similar to "Capitalsaurus" in having centra over 1.2 times taller than they are wide, including Monolophosaurus, sinraptorids and Bagaraatan. Theropods known to have more circular centra are Ceratosaurus, Carnotaurus, Elaphrosaurus, Torvosaurus, Baryonyx, Piatnitzkyosaurus, Allosaurus, Acrocanthosaurus, Carcharodontosaurus, Dryptosaurus, ornithomimids and oviraptorosaurs (which are diagnosed in part by their wide caudal centra). Paravians have distinctively subrectangular centra, so "Capitalsaurus" can be excluded from this clade. The condition found in "Capitalsaurus", where the ventral edge of the centrum is nearly straight, is extremely rare in theropods, being otherwise noted in Dryptosaurus, tyrannosaurids and Bagaraatan. This can vary greatly with position in some taxa such as Bagaraatan, so undue emphasis shouldn't be placed on the character. While clearly not a derived oviraptorosaur or paravian, the current phylogenetic utility of proximal caudal centra does not allow placement more precise than assumed Neotheropoda incertae sedis. While currently unique compared to described theropod caudals, the amount of variation between caudal centra in single specimens is just starting to be revealed (Sinraptor dongi's ventral groove/keel; titanosaurid's articular surfaces varying from opisthocoelous to procoelous; Bagaraatan's ventral edge concavity). Because of this potentially high variation, I am extremely cautious as to the taxonomic utility of this caudal centrum and only doubtfully retain it as a valid taxon.
Comments- The genus "Capitalsaurus" was only used in a faunal list by Kranz (1998), though Kranz (pers. comm.) informs me it is meant as a replacement name for Creosaurus potens. As it has not been associated with a particular species or specimen in the literature, it is a nomen nudum.
References- Lull, 1911. The reptilian fauna of the Arundel Formation. Lower Cretaceous Vol. Maryland Geol. Surv. Pp.173-178.
Gilmore, 1920. Osteology of the carnivorous Dinosauria in the United States National Museum, with special reference to the genera Antrodemus (Allosaurus) and Ceratosaurus. Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus. CX 1-154, 36 pls., 78 text-figs.
Madsen, 1976. Allosaurus fragilis: a revised osteology. Utah Geol. Mining Surv. Bull., 109: 1-163.
Kranz, 1998. Mostly Dinosaurs: A Review of the Vertebrates of the Potomac Group (Aptian Arundel Formation), USA, in Lucas, Kirkland and Estep, eds., 1998: 235-238.

Chienkosaurus Young, 1942
C. ceratosauroides Young, 1942
Tithonian, Late Jurassic
Shangshaximiao Formation, Sichuan, China
Holotype- (IVPP V237) premaxillary tooth (73 mm)
Paratypes- ?(IVPP V190) partial mid caudal centrum
?(IVPP V193) ulna (225 mm)
Comments- Three other teeth included in the holotype are from Hsisosuchus (Dong et al., 1983).
The tooth is similar to many large theropod teeth in general characters, but is from the premaxilla as evidenced by the twisted anterior carina and reduced extent of anterior serrations. It is currently undiagnostic compared to contemporaneous taxa like Sinraptor and Yangchuanosaurus.
The referred ulna is most similar to Piatnitzkysaurus, though no ulnae are currently known for sinraptorids. It differs from Piatnitzkysaurus in not being bowed posteriorly, and the olecranon appears broken off. This is a more diagnostic specimen than the holotype, but is unfortunately not definitely referrable to the same individual or taxon.
The referred caudal centrum is from a different locality, so is definitely not referrable to the holotype individual, but was thought to be “probably referrable” to Chienkosaurus by Young. Comparison to Allosaurus suggests it is from somewhere around caudal twenty-five, but it is indeterminate.
References- Young, 1942. Fossil vertebrates from Kuangyuan, N. Szechuan, China. Bull. Geol. Soc. China 22 293-309, 2 pls.
Dong, Zhou and Zhang, 1983. Dinosaurs from the Jurassic of Sichuan Palaeontologica Sinica Whole Number 162 New Series C, Number 23 Edited by Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology and Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology Academia Sinica (pp. 1-136) Science Press Peking, 1983 43 plates.

Chingkankousaurus Young, 1958
C. fragilis Young, 1958
Campanian-middle Maastrichtian, Late Cretaceous
Wangshi Series, China
Holotype- (IVPP V636) distal end of anterior dorsal rib (92 mm wide distally, 53 proximally)
Comments- This specimen was originally identified as a theropod scapula, and later assigned to the Tyrannosauridae by Molnar et al. (1990) because of its narrow shaft. I agree with Chure that the holotype does not resemble a tyrannosaurid scapula. It is less expanded distally, more rugose at the distal tip, with a transverse groove just proximal to the tip, and has a narrower cross section with strongly keeled edges. He assigns it to Coelurosauria indet.. I disagree, as it does not resemble coelurosaur scapulae. Of theropod scapulae, it resembles Allosaurus most closely, differing in being narrower proximally and having a straighter distal edge, along with the last three characters listed above. The straight distal edge with a rugose surface (and a groove immediately proximal to this) bears a resemblence to the odd anterior gastralia of Acrocanthosaurus (Harris, 1998), but is about 2.5 times as large, expands more gradually and has a different cross section. The much greater size of Chingkankousaurus argues against this interpretation, as the Acrocanthosaurus specimen described by Harris is one of the largest theropods known. Another possibility is that this is the distal end of an anterior dorsal rib. Although most dorsal ribs have tapered distal ends, those that contact sternal ribs have squared expanded ends that are rugose. The cross section of many theropod dorsal ribs has an intercostal ridge on the anterior side and a costal groove on the posterior side. In addition, a dorsal of Acrocanthosaurus shows an expansion similar to that in Chingkankousaurus, though the distal tip is not as broad as some other theropods'. The size is also congruent, Chingkankousaurus' being about 75% the size of Acrocanthosaurus. As Chingkankousaurus resembles the distal shaft of an anterior dorsal rib most, I provisionally recognize it as such a structure. The specimen is of course indeterminate, and not identifiable past Theropoda (assuming it's a theropod rib, it could be sauropod or ornithopod for all I know).
References- Young, 1958. The dinosaurian remains of Laiyang, Shantung. Palaeontologia Sinica, New Series C. 42(16), 1-138.
Molnar, Kurzanov and Dong, 1990. Carnosauria. In Weishampel, Dodson and Osmolska (eds). The Dinosauria, Berkeley: University of California Press. 169-209.
Harris, 1998. A Reanalysis of Acrocanthosaurus atokensis, its Phylogenetic Status, and Paleobiogeographic Implications, Based on a New Specimen from Texas. New Mexico Museum of Natural History Bulletin 13: 1-75.
Chure, 2000. A new species of Allosaurus from the Morrison Formation of Dinosaur National Monument (Utah-Colorado) and a revision of the theropod family Allosauridae. Ph.D. dissertation, Columbia University, 1-964.

Diplotomodon Leidy, 1868
= Tomodon Leidy, 1865 (preoccupied Dumeril, 1853)
D. horrificus (Leidy, 1865) Leidy, 1868
= Tomodon horrificus Leidy, 1865
Maastrichtian, Late Cretaceous
Navesink or Hornerstown Formation, New Jersey, US
Holotype- (ANSP 9680; holotype of Tomodon horrificus) tooth
Comments- This taxon is often associated with Dryptosaurus aquilunguis, following Molnar (1990). However, the teeth of the latter taxon are not distinctive in their shape, and more detailed comparisons have yet to be made.
References- Leidy, 1865. Memoir on the extinct reptiles of the Cretaceous formations of the United States. Smithsonian Contrib. Knowledge 14:1-135.
Leidy, 1868. Remarks on a jaw fragment of Megalosaurus. Proc. Acad. Nat Sci. Philadelphia 1870: 197-200.
Molnar, 1990. Problematic Theropoda: "Carnosaurs". p. 306-317. in Weishampel, et al. (eds.), The Dinosauria. University of California Press, Berkeley, Los Angeles, Oxford.

"Elaphrosaurus" iguidiensis Lapparent, 1960
Late Aptian-Albian, Early Cretaceous
Continental Intercalaire, Algeria; Continental Intercalaire, Libya; Continental Intercalaire, Elrhaz Formation, Niger
Syntypes- forty-nine teeth, eight distal caudal vertebrae (80, 65, 55, 40, 40 mm), manual ungual (30 mm), distal femur, tibia (350 mm)
Comments- The remains are from several localities and may not belong to the same taxon.
Reference- Lapparent, 1960. Les dinosauriens du "Continental intercalaire" du Sahara central. Mem. Soc. Geol. France. 88A 1-57.

Embasaurus Riabinin, 1931
E. minax Riabinin, 1931
Berriasian-Hauterivian, Early Cretaceous
Neocomian Sands, Kazakhstan
Holotype- incomplete anterior dorsal centrum, posterior dorsal centrum
Reference- Riabinin, 1931. Two dinosaurian vertebrae from the Lower Cretaceous of Transcaspian Steppes. [in Russian with English]. Mém. Soc. Russ. Minéral. 60 (2) no. 1 110-113, 1 pl.

"Futabasaurus" Lambert, 1990
Coniacian, Late Cretaceous
Ashizawa Formation of the Futaba Group, Japan
Material- (unknown collection; Futaba-ryu) (~1.5-2 m) partial tibia (~56 mm wide)
Comments- This specimen was originally mentioned by Hasegawa et al. (1987) in an abstract as Futaba-ryu, as dinosaur remains in Japan are often given nicknames ending in "ryu" (= dragon). Lambert (1990) inappropriately made it into a genus name, listing it as "Futabasaurus" in a childrens' book. It was mentioned as being a large carnosaur (sensu lato) from Japan that had yet to be described. Dong et al. (1990) referred to it as Tyrannosauridae gen. et sp. indet. and published a photograph. Olshevsky (1991) listed it as an allosaurid without comment, and later (DML, 2001) as a probable junior synonym of Tarbosaurus. Chure (2000) briefly discussed and illustrated the specimen, excluding it from Allosauridae based on a few differences from Allosaurus (lateral edge less elongated ventrally; medial edge not rounded and drawn out medially). While these mean "Futabasaurus" is not Allosaurus itself, they do little to pin down its relationships further. With only a low quality photocopy to go by, I can't make any phylogenetic judgements.
A genus of elasmosaurid plesiosaur was later named Futabasaurus by Sato et al. (2006), making the name unavailable for the theropod tibia.
References- Hasegawa, Watanabe, Oshida, Takizawa and Koda, 1987. Dinosaur Assemblage from the Futaba Group, Fukushima. Abstract of the Annual Meeting of the Paleontological Society of Japan. 4.
Lambert, 1990. The Dinosaur Data Book. New York: Avon Books, 66. ISBN 0-380-75896-3.
Dong, Hasegawa and Azuma, 1990. The Age of Dinosaurs in Japan and China. Fukui, Japan: Fukui Prefectural Museum. 65 pp.
Matsukawa and Obata, 1994. Dinosaurs and sedimentary environments, in the Japanese Cretaceous: a contribution to dinosaur facies in Asia based on molluscan paleontology and stratigraphy. Cretaceous Research. 15, 101-125.
Chure, 2000. A new species of Allosaurus from the Morrison Formation of Dinosaur National Monument (Utah-Colorado) and a revision of the theropod family Allosauridae. Ph.D. dissertation, Columbia University, 1-964.
Sato, Hasegawa and Manabe, 2006. A new elasmosaurid plesiosaur from the Upper Cretaceous of Fukushima, Japan. Palaeontology. 49(3), 467-484.

"Katsuyamasaurus" Lambert, 1990
Barremian, Early Cretaceous
Kitadani Formation of the Akaiwa Subgroup of the Tetori Group, Japan
Material- (unknown collection; Katsuyama-ryu) (~4 m) (?) mid caudal vertebra (68 mm), ulna (~200 mm)
Comments- This material was informally called "Katsuyama-ryu", as found in Azuma (1991). Lambert (1990) inappropriately made it into a genus name, listing it as "Katsuyamasaurus" in a childrens' book. Dong et al. (1990) published photos of the remains, labeling them Allosauridae indet.. They were later described by Chure (2000), who suggested the caudal may derive from an ornithopod. He noted it lacks lateral pleurofossae and was reminiscent of iguanodonts, which are known from the same quarry (Fukuisaurus, described by Kobayashi and Azuma, 2003). Olshevsky (DML, 2000) considered "Katsuyamasaurus" a likely junior synonym of Fukuiraptor, which was discovered later in the same quarry. However, the ulna differs from Fukuiraptor in being straight proximally, with a larger olecranon process and a more prominent and proximally projecting anteroproximal process. The large olecranon process excludes it from Maniraptoriformes, but more precise affinities within Theropoda are unknown at this time.
References- Dong, Hasegawa and Azuma, 1990. The Age of Dinosaurs in Japan and China. Fukui, Japan: Fukui Prefectural Museum. 65 pp.
Lambert, 1990. The Dinosaur Data Book. New York: Avon Books, 66. ISBN 0-380-75896-3.
Azuma, 1991. Early Cretaceous Dinosaur Fauna from the Tetori Group, central Japan. Research on Dinosaurs from the Tetori Group (1). Professor S. Miura Memorial Volume, 55-69.
Chure, 2000. A new species of Allosaurus from the Morrison Formation of Dinosaur National Monument (Utah-Colorado) and a revision of the theropod family Allosauridae. Ph.D. dissertation, Columbia University, 1-964.
Olshevsky, DML 2000. http://dml.cmnh.org/2000Dec/msg00399.html
Kobayashi and Azuma, 2003. A new iguanodontian (Dinosauria: Ornithopoda) from the Lower Cretaceous Kitadani Formation of Fukui Perfecture, Japan. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 23(1), 166-175.

Kelmayisaurus Dong, 1973
K. petrolicus Dong, 1973
Valanginian-Albian, Early Cretaceous
Lianmuqin Formation of the Tugulu Group, Xinjiang, China
Holotype- (IVPP V4022) maxillary fragment, quadrate fragment, dentary
Reference- Dong, 1973. [Dinosaurs from Wuerho]. Mem. Inst. Vert. Paleontol. Paleoanthropol. Acad. Sinica. 11, 45-52.
K? "gigantus" Grady, 1993
Mesozoic
China
Material- (22 m) complete axial column
Comments- This was mentioned by Grady (1993) in a popular book, as being an incomplete theropod axial column 22 meters long that is being worked on by Dong. Olshevsky (DML, 1995) stated he thought Grady had obtained the name Kelmayisaurus "gigantus" from one of Dale Russell's notebooks, but that Russell hadn't heard of it. If accurate, its length would be greater than any described theropod. However, the lack of description and illustration (making this a nomen nudum) makes the claim highly dubious, and it may be a mistake or a misidentified sauropod instead. Unfortunately, there has been no new information on the specimen.
References- Grady, 1993. The Dinosaur Project: The Story of the Greatest Dinosaur Expedition Ever Mounted. Edmonton: Ex Terra Foundation; Toronto: Macfarlane Walter & Ross. ISBN: 0-921912-46-3. 261 pp.
Olshevsky, DML 1995. http://dml.cmnh.org/1995Sep/msg00668.html
K? sp. indet. (Dong, 1992)
Early Cretaceouas
Ejinhoro Formation, Inner Mongolia, China
Material- (CCDP coll.) mandible
Comments- The referral of this specimen to Kelmayisaurus was not justified by Dong.
Reference- Dong, 1992. Dinosaurian Fauna's of China. 188 pp. Ocean press/ Springer-Verlag, Beijing/Berlin.

"Labrosaurus" "huene" Huene vide Madsen and Welles, 2000
Late Jurassic
Szechuan, China
Holotype- tooth
Comments- Madsen and Welles (2000) state this was a nomen nudum based on a tooth from the Jurassic of Szechuan mentioned by Huene (1956) on page 481, and later listed by him (1958; p. 205) as a nomen nudum.
However, the only thing Huene says about Labrosaurus in his 1956 paper is, "Labrosaurus Marsh Teeth, Grooves similar to Ceratosaurus from the Upper Jurassic of Wyoming, of Tendaguru and from Szechuan." This is on the very bottom of page 481, with "Huene, Palaeontologie" in smaller type below, which repeats every eight pages in the volume presumably to separate it into regular sections. Similarly, in his 1958 paper, Huene only mentions Labrosaurus on page 205, where he lists "Labrosaurus Marsh Upper Jurassic Szechuan, China" in his list of coelurosaurs. Thus Huene did not name Labrosaurus "huene", but did refer to Labrosaurus teeth from Szechuan. Chure (2000) states that Huene includes Szechuan in the distribution of Labrosaurus, "an apparent reference to medially ridged teeth described by Young (1942)." Young only mentions Labrosaurus stechowi on page 299, to compare it to Chienkosaurus, noting the latter lacks lingual fluting. Chienkosaurus and Szechuanosaurus are both listed separately by Huene, so he did not intend to sink either into Labrosaurus. Perhaps Huene was referring to fluted teeth from Szechuan (which could be ceratosaurid) or perhaps it was a mistake. It is clear that the species "huene" was a mistake by Madsen and Welles (2000) and never intended as a valid species by anyone.
References- Young, 1942. Fossil vertebrates from Kuangyuan, N. Szechuan, China. Bull. Geol. Soc. China. 22, 293-309, 2 pls.
Huene, 1956. Palaontologie und Phylogenie der Niederen Tetrapoden. Jena, Gustav Fischer, 716 pp.
Huene, 1958. Pre-Tertiary saurians of China. Vertebrata PalAsiatica. 2(4), 201-207.
Chure, 2000. A new species of Allosaurus from the Morrison Formation of Dinosaur National Monument (Utah-Colorado) and a revision of the theropod family Allosauridae. Ph.D. dissertation, Columbia University, 1-964.
Madsen and Welles, 2000. Ceratosaurus (Dinosauria, Theropoda) a revised osteology. Miscellaneous Publication 00-2 Utah Geological Survey, 80 pages.

Megalosaurus? "cachuensis" Weishampel, Barrett, Coria, Le Loeuff, Xu, Zhao, Sahni, Gomani and Noto, 2004
Middle Jurassic
Dapuka Group, Xinjiang, China
Comments- This is only present as a name in the Dinosaur Distribution chapter, so is a nomen nudum. It may be the same as the nomen nudum Megalosaurus? "dapukensis" Zhao 1985, which is not in the book.
Reference- Weishampel, Barrett, Coria, Le Loeuff, Xu, Zhao, Sahni, Gomani and Noto, 2004. Dinosaur Distribution. in Weishampel, Dodson and Osmolska, 2004. The Dinosauria: Second Edition.

"Megalosaurus" chubutensis Corro, 1974
Late Cretaceous
Cerro Castillo Formation, Argentina
Holotype- (MACN 18.189) tooth (~85 mm)
Comments- Unlike "M." inexpectatus from the same formation, "M." chubutensis lacks enamel wrinkles.
Reference- Corro, 1974. Un nuevo megalosaurio (Carnosaurio) del Cretacico de Chubut (Argentina). Communicaciones Mus. Argent. Ciencias Nat. "Bernardino Rivadavia" Paleontol. 1: 37-44.

Megalosaurus? "dapukensis" Zhao, 1986
Middle Jurassic
Dapuka Group, Xinjiang, China
Reference- Zhao, 1986. The reptiles of Jurassic in China. In Wang (ed.). The Jurassic System of China. Geological Publishing House, Beijing. pp 286-348.

"Megalosaurus" hungaricus Nopcsa, 1902
Coniacian-Santonian, Late Cretaceous
unnamed formation, Romania
Holotype- (MAFI ob. 3106, lost) (small) two teeth
Comments- This species was discovered in an unnamed formation, not the later Sinpetru Formation as is often stated (Csiki and Grigorescu, 1998).
References- Nopcsa, 1902. Notizen uber Cretacische Dinosaurier. Pt. 2. Megalosaurus hungaricus nov. sp. ein Theropode der Siebenburgischen Kreide: Sitzungsberichte der Koniglichen Akademie Wissenschaften, band 3, p. 104-107.
Csiki and Grigorescu, 1998. Small theropods from the Late Cretaceous of the Hateg Basin (Western Romania) - an unexpected diversity at the top of the food chain. Oryctos. 1, 87-104.

"Megalosaurus" insignis Eudes-Delongchamps and Lennier vide Lennier, 1870
= Erectopus insignis (Eudes-Deslongchamps and Lennier vide Lennier, 1870)
Early Kimmeridgian, Late Jurassic
Department du Pas-de-Calais, France; Camadas de Alcobaca?, Camadas de Montejunto?, Unidade Bombarral?, unnamed formation? in Lisboa, Portugal
Holotype- (destroyed) teeth, sacrum, pedal phalanges
Referred- ?(Faculty of Sciences of Lisbon coll.) two manual unguals (12, ~17 mm) (Lapparent and Zbyszewski, 1957)
?(Faculty of Sciences of Lisbon coll.) femoral fragment (Lapparent and Zbyszewski, 1957)
? twenty-seven teeth (25, 38, to 60 mm) (Lapparent and Zbyszewski, 1957)
? posterior dorsal vertebra (50 mm) (Lapparent and Zbyszewski, 1957)
? two sacral vertebrae (90, 80 mm) (Lapparent and Zbyszewski, 1957)
? two distal caudal vertebrae (Lapparent and Zbyszewski, 1957)
? two distal caudal vertebrae (54, 51 mm) (Lapparent and Zbyszewski, 1957)
? seven proximal caudal vertebrae (65-~80 mm), distal caudal vertebra (75 mm) (Lapparent and Zbyszewski, 1957)
? mid caudal vertebra (76 mm) (Lapparent and Zbyszewski, 1957)
? three caudal vertebrae (Lapparent and Zbyszewski, 1957)
? partial ulna (Lapparent and Zbyszewski, 1957)
Comments- The material not originating from the Early Kimmeridgian unnamed formation in Department de la Seine-Maritime may not belong to the species, which is probably indeterminate in any case. The Portuguese material described by Lapparent and Zbyszewski (1957) is from varying localities and probably belongs to many individuals, except for the eight associated caudal vertebrae.
References- Eudes-Deslongchamps and Lennier, in Leinner, 1870. Etudes Geologiques et Paleontologiques sur l’Embouchure de la Seine et les Falaises de la Haute-Normandie: 4?, La Havre: xvi + 245pp.
Lapparent and Zbyszewski, 1957. Les Dinosauriens du Portugal: Services Geologiques du Portugal, Memoire n. 2, new series, p. 1-63.
Mateus, 1999. Upper Jurassic dinosaurs from Lourinhã and Portuguese dinosaur – with review of collecting in Laos. Geologisk Tidskrift (1): 33-32.
"M." sp. indet. (Lapparent, 1943)
Late Oxfordian, Late Jurassic
Jura, France
Material- three teeth
Comments- This was referred to "Megalosaurus" insignis, but the holotype of that species is indeterminate.
Reference- Lapparent, 1943. Les dinosauriens jurassiques de Damparis (Jura): Memoris de la Societe Geologique de France, new series, 21, memoire n. 47, p. 1-21.
"M." sp. indet. (Valenciennes, 1865)
Early Kimmeridgian, Late Jurassic
la Seine-Maritime, France
Material- incomplete tooth (~120 mm), phalanx, pedal ungual
Comments- This was referred to "Megalosaurus" insignis, but the holotype of that species is indeterminate.
References- Valenciennes, 1865. D’une espece de Chelonien fossile d’un genre nouveau, trouve dans la craie dup cap la Heve par M. Lennier, du Havre, et decrit par: Compte Rendu Des Seances de l’acadmeie des Sciences, v. 56, p. 317-322.
Eudes-Deslongchamps and Lennier, in Leinner, 1870. Etudes Geologiques et Paleontologiques sur l’Embouchure de la Seine et les Falaises de la Haute-Normandie: 4?, La Havre: xvi + 245pp.
Huene, 1926. The Carnivorous Saurischia in the Jura and Cretaceous Formations, Principally in Europe: Revista del Museo de La Plata, tomo 29, p. 1-167.
"M." sp. indet. (Sauvage, 1894)
Early Kimmeridgian, Late Jurassic
Portugal
Material- tooth
Comments- This was referred to "Megalosaurus" insignis, but the holotype of that species is indeterminate.
Reference- Sauvage, 1894. Les Reptiles du terrain jurassique superieur du Boulonnais: Compte rendu hebdomadaire des seances de l’Academie des Sciences Paris, v. 119, p. 926-927.
"M." sp. indet. (Lydekker, 1888)
Kimmeridgian, Late Jurassic
Kimmeridge Clay, England
Material- (BMNH 46388) tooth
Comments- This was referred to "Megalosaurus" insignis, but the holotype of that species is indeterminate.
References- Lydekker, 1888. Catalogue of the Fossil Reptilia and Amphibia in the British Museum (Natural History), Cromwell Road, S.W., Part 1. Containing the Orders Ornithosauria, Crocodilia, Dinosauria, Squamta, Rhynchocephalia, and Proterosauria: British Museum of Natural History, London, 309pp.
Delair, 1973. The Dinosaurs of Wiltshire: Whiltshire Archaeology and Natural History Magazine, v. 68, p. 1-7.
"M." sp. indet. (Lydekker, 1888)
Late Tithonian, Late Jurassic
Department du Pas-de-Calais, France
Material- (BMNH 35553a) tooth
Comments- This was referred to "Megalosaurus" insignis, but the holotype of that species is indeterminate.
Reference- Lydekker, 1888. Catalogue of the Fossil Reptilia and Amphibia in the British Museum (Natural History), Cromwell Road, S.W., Part 1. Containing the Orders Ornithosauria, Crocodilia, Dinosauria, Squamta, Rhynchocephalia, and Proterosauria: British Museum of Natural History, London, 309pp.

"Megalosaurus" lonzeensis Dollo, 1903
= Ornithomimus lonzeensis (Dollo, 1903) Kuhn, 1965
= Struthiomimus lonzeensis (Dollo, 1903) Glut, 1997
Santonian, Late Cretaceous
Glauconite of Lonzee, Belgium
Holotype- (Musée royal d'histoire naturelle de Belgique coll.) ungual
Comments- Dollo (1883) originally distinguished this ungual from a supposed Megalosaurus ungual from the Weald Clay because it had a less concave proximal articulation with a reduced median ridge, and lacked ventral striations. Although some authors such as Russell (1972) and Molnar (1990) have stated Dollo named the species in his 1883 paper describing the holotype, he only referred to it as the "dinosaurien carnivore de Lonzee". He later (1903) named it as a new species of Megalosaurus, M. lonzeensis. Huene (1923) considered the specimen an ornithomimid without specifying why, labeling it Ornithomim.gen.Belgium in his phylogram. In 1926, Huene referred to the taxon as Ornithomimidorum gen. A, which has been interpreted as a genus name by some authors (e.g. Glut, 1997). Yet it is only the Latinized way of saying "ornithomimid genus A", to indicate Huene thought a new ornithomimid genus was necessary for lonzeensis, but did not wish to name it. Kuhn (1965) formally transferred the species to Ornithomimus. Russell (1972) considered Megalosaurus lonzeensis an indeterminate possible ornithomimid, but without published reasons. Molnar (1989 pers. comm. to Glut, 1997) believed it was not an ornithomimid, however. Glut (1997) incorrectly stated the species had been renamed ?Struthiomimus lonzeensis, but that combination doesn't appear in any prior work.
If the specimen is a pedal ungual, it is most probably from a basal coelurosaur or paravian, as other theropods have pedal unguals which are less curved and broader. Among manual unguals, it resembles Masiakasaurus most closely, as other theropods' are generally deeper and more strongly curved. Traditional megalosaurids like Poekilopleuron and Dubreuillosaurus are similar to other theropods in these aspects. Ornithomimosaur pedal unguals are straight and broader, and further differ in having lateral and medial 'spurs' instead of a flexor tubercle. Ornithomimosaur manual unguals differ in having a distally placed flexor tubercle (except the deep, highly curved unguals of Deinocheirus). They are also characteristic in having a transversely expanded area ventral to the vascular grooves which ends far from the proximal end of the ungual. This is not seen in "Megalosaurus" lonzeensis. These comparisons indicate the taxon is neither a basal tetanurine nor an ornithomimosaur, but may be a noasaurid manual ungual or a deinonychosaur pedal ungual III or IV.
References- Dollo, 1883. Note sur les restes de dinosauriens rencontrés dans le Crétacé supérieur de la Belgique [Note on the dinosaur remains found in the Upper Cretaceous of Belgium]. Bulletin du Musée Royal d'Histoire Naturelle de Belgique. 2, 205-221.
Dollo, 1903. Les dinosauriens de la Belgique. Comptes Rendus de l' Académie des Sciences de Paris. 136, 565-567.
Huene, 1923. Carnivorous Saurischia in Europe since the Triassic. Bulletin of the Geological Society of America. 34, 449-458.
Huene, 1926. The carnivorous Saurischia in the Jura and Cretaceous Formations, principally in Europe. Revista del Museo de La Plata. 29, 1-167.
Kuhn, 1965. Saurischia (Supplementum 1). In Fossilium Catalogus 1. Animalia. 109, 1-94.
Russell, 1972. Ostrich dinosaurs of the Late Cretaceous of Western Canada. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences. 9, 375-402.
Molnar, 1990. Problematic Theropoda: "Carnosaurs". p. 306-317. in Weishampel, et al. (eds.), The Dinosauria. University of California Press, Berkeley, Los Angeles, Oxford.
Glut, 1997. Dinosaurs - The Encyclopedia. McFarland Press, Jefferson, NC. 1076pp.

"Megalosaurus" pannoniensis Seeley, 1881
Early Campanian, Late Cretaceous
Gosau Formation, Austria
Holotype- (GMUV coll.) two teeth
Campanian-Maastrichtian, Late Cretaceous
unnamed Formation, Portugal
Referred- ?(MSGP coll.) three fragmentary teeth (26-30 mm) (Lapparent and Zbyszewski, 1957)
?(MSGP coll.) manual ungual (~20 mm), manual ungual (~15 mm), manual ungual (~11 mm) (Lapparent and Zbyszewski, 1957)
Comments- The holotype is from the Early Campanian of Austria. Sauvage (1897-1898) described three tooth fragments from the Campanian-Maastrichtian of Viso, Portugal as Megalosaurus sp.. These and three unguals from the same locality were later referred to Megalosaurus pannoniensis by Lapparent and Zbyszewski (1957). Lapparent (1947) referred framentary cranial remains, manual phalanges and a fibula to Megalosaurus pannoniensis, but these were later referred to Dromaeosauridae by Allain and Taquet (2000). All referred remains may not belong to this species, which is probably indeterminate in any case.
References- Seeley, 1881. On the reptile fauna of the Gosau Formation preserved in the Geological Museum of the University of Vienna. Q. J. Geol. Soc. London 37: 620-707.
Sauvage, 1897-1898, Vertebres Fossiles du Portugual, Contributions a l'etude des poissions et des reptiles du Jurassique et du Cretaceous. Direct: Travaux Geol. Portugal. Mem. Comm. Serv. Geol. Portugal: 1-46.
Lapparent, 1947. Les dinosauriens du Crétacé supérieur du midi de la France. Mémoire de la Société géologique de France. 56, 1-54.
Lapparent and Zbyszewski, 1957. Les Dinosauriens du Portugal: Services Geologiques du Portugal, Memoire n. 2, new series, p. 1-63.
Allain and Taquet, 2000. A new genus of Dromaeosauridae (Dinosauria, Theropoda) from the Upper Cretaceous of France. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 20(2), 404-407.

"Megalosaurus" pombali Lapparent and Zbyszewski, 1957
Late Kimmeridgian-Tithonian, Late Jurassic
Arranho Unit, Leiria, unnamed formation, Lisboa, Portugal
Syntypes- (Faculty of Sciences of Lisbon coll.) anterior dorsal vertebra (85 mm), proximal caudal vertebra (75 mm) (Porto de Barcas)
(Torres Vedras Museum coll.) posterior dorsal vertebra (130 mm) (Porto de Barcas)
(Geological Services Museum of Portugal coll.) two mid caudal vertebrae (160 mm), mid caudal vertebra (130 mm), two mid caudal vertebrae (120, 130 mm) (Porto de Barcas)
three teeth (to 110 mm) (Vale de Portinheiro, Pombal, Ribamar)
anterior dorsal vertebra (90 mm) (Torrinha)
distal caudal vertebra (135 mm) (Albergaria)
Comments- The material above comes from multiple localities, and shows no evidence of belonging to a single species.
Reference- Lapparent and Zbyszewski, 1957. Les Dinosauriens du Portugal: Services Geologiques du Portugal, Memoire n. 2, new series, p. 1-63.

Megalosaurus? "tibetensis" Zhao, 1986
Middle Jurassic
Dapuka Group, Xinjiang, China
Reference- Zhao, 1986. The reptiles of Jurassic in China. In Wang (ed.). The Jurassic System of China. Geological Publishing House, Beijing. pp 286-348.

Microvenator? "chagyabi" Zhao, 1986
= Microvenator "chagyaensis" Zhang and Li, 1997
Early Cretaceous
Laoran Formation, Qandu, Zhang'yab, China
Comments- This species has never been described, and only appeared in Zhang and Li (1997) as part of a faunal list.
References- Zhao, 1986. The reptiles of Jurassic in China. In Wang (ed.). The Jurassic System of China. Geological Publishing House, Beijing. pp 286-348.
Zhang and Li, 1997. Mesozoic Dinosaur Localities in China and Their Stratigraphy. In Wolberg, Sump and Rosenberg (eds.). Dinofest International, Proceedings of a Symposium sponsered by Arizona State University. A Publication of The Academy of Natural Sciences. 265-273.

"Morosaurus" marchei Sauvage, 1897-1898
Aptian-Cenomanian, Early Cretaceous-Late Cretaceous
Conglomerados de Caranguejeira, Portugal
Holotype- distal caudal vertebra (90 mm)
Comments- Lapparent and Zbyszewski (1957) refer the holotype to "Megalosaurus" insignis, though a referred tooth is sauropod. However, "M." insignis is not known from caudal vertebrae, and lived much earlier in the Kimmeridgian, so this assignment is unlikely.
References- Sauvage, H. E., 1897-1898, Vertebres Fossiles du Portugual, Contributions a l'etude des poissions et des reptiles du Jurassique et du Cretaceous. Direct: Travaux Geol. Portugal. Mem. Comm. Serv. Geol. Portugal: 1-46.
Lapparent and Zbyszewski, 1957. Les Dinosauriens du Portugal: Services Geologiques du Portugal, Memoire n. 2, new series, p. 1-63.

"Ornithocheirus" hilsensis Koken, 1883
Berriasian, Early Cretaceous
Obernkirchen Sandstein, Germany
Holotype- distal pedal phalanx II-2 (~105-145 mm)
Diagnosis- Indeterminate within Neotheropoda.
Comments- Koken (1883) originally identified this as a distal metacarpal IV belonging to the pterosaur genus Ornithocheirus. Meyer and Dames (1884) disagreed, noting that in pterosaurs the distal condyles are much larger than the shaft and that the sides do not have ligament pits. Meyer further believed "O." hilsensis' bone was pneumatic, which he viewed as similar to theropods. Koken and Kayser (1885) replied, stating the morphology could still be congruent with a pterosaurian identity. Williston (1885, 1886) firmly supported a theropod identity, based on his observations of material at the YPM.
Based on Koken's (1883) figure, the specimen is the distal half of a theropod left pedal phalanx II-2. It is 59 mm long as preserved, probably ~105-145 mm when complete based on proportions in other taxa. It is 32.3 mm broad with condyles 37 mm tall. The articular surface is deeply ginglymoid, with both extensor and flexor grooves, the latter more extensive. There is a slight extensor pit. The lateral condyle is broader than the medial condyle and slightly higher in distal view, though both are equal in distal and ventral extent. The condyles are more pointed dorsodistally than ventrodistally and possess large ligament pits on both sides.
It can be identified as pedal phalanx II-1 because other phalanges are either more transversely flared distally (making their distal profiles wide) and/or more stout. Mayer and Dames were correct to note it strongly differs from pterosaurs such as Pteranodon in having smaller condyles which have prominant ligament pits. These condyles are also slightly dorsally displaced, unlike the strongly ventrally displaced condyles in Pteranodon. It is extremely similar to such taxa as Majungasaurus and Neovenator. The size is much larger than nearly all coelurosaurs except tyrannosauroids, meaning it is unlikely to belong to this clade, and it does not show the dorsally displaced ligament pits of dromaeosaurids. It may be from any variety of large theropod (neoceratosaur, spinosauroid, carnosaur, tyrannosauroid) and shows no distinctive characteristics, leaving it a nomen dubium.
References- Koken, 1883. Die Reptilien der norddeutschen unteren Kreide. Zeitschrift der deutschen Geologischen Gesellshaft. 35, 735-827.
Meyer and Dames, 1884. Ueber Ornithocheirus hilsensis Koken und über Zirkonzwillinge. Zeitschrift der deutschen Geologischen Gesellshaft. 36, 664-665.
Koken and Kayser, 1885. Über Ornithochierus hilsensis, Koken. Zeitschrift der deutschen Geologischen Gesellshaft. 37, 214-215.
Williston, 1885. Uber Ornithocheirus Hilsensis, Koken. Zool. Anzeiger. 8, 628-629.
Koken, 1886. Ueber Ornithocheirus hilsensis Koken. Zool. Anzeiger. 9, 21-23.
Williston, 1886. Über Ornithocheirus hilsensis Koken. Zool. Anzeiger. 9, 282-283.
Dames, 1886. Neues Jahrbuch fur Mineralogie, Geologie und Palaeontologie. 113-114.

Orthogoniosaurus Das-Gupta, 1931
O. matleyi Das-Gupta, 1931
Late Maastrichtian, Late Cretaceous
Lameta Formation, India
Holotype- (GI coll.) posterior tooth
References- Das-Gupta, 1931. On a new theropod dinosaur (Orthogoniosaurus matleyi, n. gen. et n. sp.) from the Lameta beds of Jubbulpore. Jour. Proc. Asiatic Soc. Bengal, (n. s.) 26 367-369, 1 fig.

Orthogoniosaurus? rawesi (Lydekker, 1890) Olshevsky, 1991
= Massospondylus rawesi Lydekker, 1890
= Megalosaurus rawesi (Lydekker, 1890) Vianey-Liaud, Jain and Sahni, 1987
Late Maastrichtian, Late Cretaceous
Takli Formation, India
Holotype- (Museum of the Geological Society coll.) tooth
Comments- Considered non-dinosaurian by Galton (pers. comm. to Glut, 1989, in Glut 1997).
References- Lydekker, 1890. Note on certain vertebrate remains from the Nagpur District. Rec. Geol. Surv. India 23: 20-24.
Vianey-Liaud, Jain and Sahni, 1987. Dinosaur eggshells (Saurischia) from the Late Cretaceous intertrappeans and Lameta Formation (Deccan, India). f Vertebr. Paleontol. 7, 408-424.
Olshevsky, 1991."A Revision of the Parainfraclass Archosauria Cope, 1869, Excluding the Advanced Crocodylia," Mesozoic Meanderings #2 (1st printing): iv + 196 pp.
Glut, 1997. Dinosaurs - The Encyclopedia. McFarland Press, Jefferson, NC. 1076pp.

"Poekilopleuron" schmidti Kiprijanov, 1883
= Megalosaurus schmidti (Kiprijanov, 1883)
Cenomanian, Late Cretaceous
“Sewerische Osteolithe”, Russia
Holotype- rib fragments, distal tibia
Reference- Kiprijanow, 1883. Studien uber die fossilen Reptilien Russlands. Th. 4. Ordnung Crocodilia Oppel. Indeterminitre fossile Reptilien. Acad. Sci. St. Petersb. Mem. (ser. 7) 31:1-29.

"Prodeinodon" kwangshiensis Hou, Yeh and Zhao, 1975
Aptian-Albian, Early Cretaceous
Napai Formation, Guangxi, China
Holotype- (IVPP V4795) four teeth
Comments- This species reportedly resembles Wakinosaurus more than Prodeinodon (Okazaki, 1992), though the morphology of either genus has not been compared to most other theropods. Thus, the resemblence may not mean much.
References- Hou, Yeh and Zhao, 1975. Fossil reptiles from Fusui, Kwangshi. Vertebrata PalAsiatica. 13(1), 24-33.
Okazaki, 1992. A new genus and species of carnivorous dinosaur from the Lower Cretaceous Kwanmon Group, northern Kyusyu. Bull. Kitakyushu Museum Nat. History 11, 87-90.

Prodeinodon Osborn, 1924
P. mongoliensis Osborn, 1924
Early Cretaceous
Huhteeg Svita (=Oshih Formation), Mongolia
Holotype- (AMNH 6265) partial tooth
Paratype- (AMNH 6531) tooth (47 mm)
Referred- ? tooth, fragmentary tibia, fragmentary fibula (Bohlin 1953)
References- Osborn, 1924. Sauropoda and Theropoda of the Lower Cretaceous of Mongolia. Am. Mus. Novitates 128: 1-7.
Bohlin, 1953. Fossil reptiles from Mongolia and Kansu. Rept. Sci. Exped. NW. Prov. China, Publ. 37 6 1-105, 75 figs., 9 pls.

Prodeinodon? "tibetensis" Zhang and Li, 1997
China
Comments- This name was only used in a faunal list, thus its validity and relation to Prodeinodon are uncertain.
Reference- Zhang and Li, 1997. Mesozoic Dinosaur Localities in China and Their Stratigraphy. In: Dinofest International, Proceedings of a Symposium sponsered by Arizona State University. A Publication of The Academy of Natural Sciences, edited by Donald L. Wolberg, Edmund Sump, and Gary D. Rosenberg: 265-273.

"Scrotum" Brookes, 1763
"S. humanum" Brookes, 1763
Late Bajocian-Bathonian, Middle Jurassic
oolitic limestones of Cornwell, England
Material- (lost) distal femur
Comments- Originally described and illustrated by Plot (1677). Brookes (1793) later applied the name "Scrotum humanum" to the specimen, although probably not intending it as a Linnaean binomial. With the nomen oblitum clause of the ICZN no longer active, Halstead petitioned the ICZN to suppress the name in favor of Megalosaurus bucklandii. However, the ICZN felt that such action was uncessary since it is not necessarily a M. bucklandii specimen. Indeed, though often associated with Megalosaurus, there is no reason it couldn't be a contemporaneous form like Metriacanthosaurus or the unnamed Stonesfield abelisaurian instead.
References- Plot, 1677. The Natural History of Oxfordshire.
Brookes, 1763. The Natural History of Waters, Earths, Stones, Fossils and Minerals, with their Virtues, Properties and Medicinal Use: To which is added, the methods in which Linnaeus has treated these subjects. Vol. 5. Newberry, London. 364 pp.
Halstead, 1970. Scrotum humanum Brookes 1763 - the first named dinosaur. Journal of Insignificant Research, vol. 5: 14-15.
Halstead and Sarjeant, 1993. Scrotum humanum Brookes -- the earliest name for a dinosaur?. Modern Geology 18 p. 220-224.

Streptospondylus? cuvieri Owen, 1842
= Megalosaurus cuvieri (Owen, 1842) Huene, 1907-1908
Early Bathonian, Middle Jurassic
Chipping Norton Formation, England
Holotype- (lost) anterior portion of dorsal vertebra
Comments- Eustreptospondylus oxoniensis was referred to Streptospondylus cuvieri before it was named. This taxon is not necessary the same as Streptospondylus altdorfensis, which lived later in France.
References- Owen, 1842. Report on British fossil reptiles. Report of the British Association for the Advancement of Science 11: 60-204.
Huene, 1907/1908. Die Dinosaurier der Europaiaschen Triasformation mit Berucksichtiging der aussereuropaischen Vorkommnisse. Geol. Paleont. Abhandl. Suppl. 1, 1-419.

Szechuanosaurus Young, 1942
S. campi Young, 1942
Tithonian, Late Jurassic
Kyangyan (Guangyuan) Series, Sichuan, China
Cotypes- (IVPP V235) two partial teeth
(IVPP V236) partial tooth
(IVPP V238) fragmentary teeth
(IVPP V239) tooth
Diagnosis- Provisionally indeterminate relative to at least Sinraptoridae.
Comments- The partial skeleton often referred to this species (Dong et al., 1983) has been referred to "Szechuanoraptor" zigongensis by Chure (2000). Another fragmentary skeleton referred to the species (He, 1984) was found by Chure to be a basal tetanurine, and cannot be compared to the cotypes. The cotype teeth were collected from a wide area and may not belong to one taxon.
References- Young, 1942. Fossil vertebrates from Kuangyuan, N. Szechuan, China. Bull. Geol. Soc. China. 22, 293-309, 2 pls.
Dong, Zhou and Zhang, 1983. Jurassic dinosaur fossils from the Sichuan Basin. Palaeontol. Sin. New C Ser. 23 [162] i.
He, 1984. The Vertebrate Fossils of Sichuan. Sichuan Scientific and Technical Publishing House, Chengdu, Sichuan. 168 pp.
Chure, 2000. A new species of Allosaurus from the Morrison Formation of Dinosaur National Monument (Utah-Colorado) and a revision of the theropod family Allosauridae. Ph.D. dissertation, Columbia University, 1-964.
S? sp. indet. (Young, 1963)
Late Jurassic
Chiangsi, China
Material- (IVPP V2691) tooth
Reference- Young, 1963. Note on a new locality of dinosaurian remains from Taiho, Chiangsi, SE. China: Vertebrata PalAsiatica, v. 7, n. 1, p. 48-51.
S? sp. indet. (Dong, 1979)
Late Jurassic
Xinminpa Formation, Xinjiang, China
Material- maxilla, teeth
Reference- Dong, 1979. Cretaceous dinosaur of Hunnan: In: Mesozoic-Cenozoic Redbeds of Hunan. Nanking Inst. Geol. Pal. Acad. Sinca, p. 342-350.
S? sp. indet. (Camp, 1935)
Cretaceous
Szechuan Beds, Szechuan, China
Material- (UCMP 32102) tooth (90 mm), ischial fragment, femoral fragment
Comments- Young (1942) referred this specimen to S. campi, but there is no reason for this assignment (Chure, 2000).
References- Camp, 1935. Dinosaur remains from the Province of Szechuan. Bull. Dept. Geol. Univ. Calif. 23, 467-471.
Young, 1942. Fossil vertebrates from Kuangyuan, N. Szechuan, China. Bull. Geol. Soc. China 22 293-309, 2 pls.
Chure, 2000. A new species of Allosaurus from the Morrison Formation of Dinosaur National Monument (Utah-Colorado) and a revision of the theropod family Allosauridae. Ph.D. dissertation, Columbia University, 1-964.
S? sp. indet. (Young, 1958)
Campanian, Late Cretaceous
Wangshi Group, Shantung, China
Material- (IVPP V756) tooth
(IVPP V757) tooth
(IVPP V758) tooth
(IVPP V759) tooth
(IVPP V760) tooth
(IVPP V761) tooth
(IVPP V764) tooth
(IVPP V765) tooth
(IVPP V766) tooth
(IVPP V783) tooth
(IVPP V784) tooth
(IVPP V785) tooth
Comments- Based on its age, these teeth are more likely tyrannosaurid or dromaeosaurid
Reference- Young, 1958. The Dinosaurian Remains of Liayang, Shantung: Palaeontologia Sincia, v. 142, new series, n. 16, p. 1-138.

Teinurosaurus Nopcsa 1928
= Saurornithoides Nopcsa, 1928 (preoccupied Osborn, 1924)
= Caudocoelus Huene, 1932
T. sauvagei (Nopcsa 1928) Olshevsky, 1978
= Saurornithoides sauvagei Nopcsa, 1928
= Caudocoelus sauvagei (Nopcsa, 1928) Huene, 1932
Kimmeridgian, Late Jurassic
unnamed formation, France
Holotype- (MGB 500; destroyed) distal caudal vertebra (152 mm)
References- Nopcsa, 1928. The genera of reptiles. Palaeobiol. 1 163-188.
Huene, 1932. Die fossile Reptil-Ordnung Saurischia, ihre Entwicklung und Geschichte. Monog. Geol. Pal. 4 (1) pts. 1 and 2, viii + 361 pp.
Olshevsky, 1978. The Archosaurian Taxa (excluding the Crocodylia). Mesozoic Meanderings 1: 1-50.

"Tyrannosaurus" "lanpingensis" Yeh, 1975
= Tyrannosaurus "lanpingi" Zhao, 1986
= Tarbosaurus "lanpingensis" (Yeh, 1975) Azuma 1991
Berriasian-Hauterivian, Early Cretaceous
Upper Jingxing (=Chingshing) Formation, Yunnan, China
Holotype- (IVPP coll.) tooth
Comments- This tooth is much too early to belong to Tyrannosaurus, and has not been described in any case.
References- Yeh, 1975. Mesozoic Redbeds of Yunnan. Academia Sinica, Beijing.
Zhao, 1986. The reptiles of Jurassic in China. In Wang (ed.). The Jurassic System of China. Geological Publishing House, Beijing. pp 286-348.
Azuma, 1991. Early Cretaceous dinosaur fauna from the Tetori Group Central Japan-Research of dinosaurs from the Tetori Group (1). In Professor Shizuka Miura Memorial Volume, pp.55-69. Fukul Univ., Fukui, Japan. [In Japanese with English abstract]

Wakinosaurus Okazaki, 1992
W. satoi Okazaki, 1992
Late Hauterivian, Early Cretaceous
Sengoku Formation of the Wakino Subgroup of the Kwanmon Group, Japan
Holotype- (KMNH VP 000,016) partial tooth (~70 mm)
Comments- Okazaki (1990) originally identified the holotype as Megalosauridae indet..
References- Okazaki, 1990. Discovery of dinosaur remain from the Kwanmon Group. Abstract of the Annual Meeting of the Paleontological Society of Japan. 37
Okazaki, 1992. A new genus and species of carnivorous dinosaur from the Lower Cretaceous Kwanmon Group, Northern Kyushu. Bulletin of the Kitakyushu Museum of Natural History. 11 87-90

Walgettosuchus Huene, 1932
W. woodwardi Huene, 1932
= Megalosaurus woodwardi (Huene, 1932)
Albian, Early Cretaceous
Griman Creek Formation, New South Wales, Australia
Holotype- (BMNH R3717) distal caudal centrum (63 mm)
Reference- Huene, 1932. Die fossile Reptil-Ordnung Saurischia, ihre Entwicklung und Geschichte. Monog. Geol. Pal. 4 (1) pts. 1 and 2, viii + 361 pp.

Yangchuanosaurus? "longqiaoensis" Li, Zhang and Cai, 1999
Late Jurassic
Penglaizhen Formation, Sichuan, China
Comments- This is only published as a faunal listing, so it is unknown if the specimen is really referrable to Yangchuanosaurus.
Reference- Li, Zhang and Cai, 1999. The Characteristics of the Composition of the Trace Elements in Jurassic Dinosaur Bones and Red Beds in Sichuan Basin, Geological Publishing House, Beijing: pp. not yet available [in Chinese with English summary]. ISBN 7-116-02875-7.

unnamed Neotheropoda (Barrois, 1875)
Albian, Early Cretaceous
Grandpre, Ardennes, France
Material- two teeth, two metatarsals (Barrois, 1875)
proximal (?)metacarpal (Sauvage, 1882b)
Comments- Barrois (1875) and Sauvage (1876, 1882a, 1882b) described two teeth and two metatarsals from Grandpre as Megalosaurus, while Huene (1926) referred these and another element he identified as a distal fibula (figured by Sauvage, 1882b) to Erectopus superbus. Huene (1932) later kept the teeth referred to superbus, while he separated the Erectopus type material as E. sauvagei. Chure (2000) identified the supposed fibula as a proximal metacarpal. The illustrated teeth and proximal metacarpal do not appear particularly diagnostic and may belong to any ceratosaur, basal tetanurine, carnosaur or basal coelurosaur.
References- Barrois, 1875. Les reptiles du terrain Crétacé du nord-est du Bassin de Paris. Bulletin scientifique, historique et littéraire du Nord. 6, 1-11.
Sauvage, 1876. Notes sur les reptiles fossiles. Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France. 4, 435-442.
Sauvage, 1882a. Sur les reptiles trouves dans le Gault de l'est de la France. Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences. 94, 1265.
Sauvage, 1882b. Recherches sur les reptiles trouves dans le Gault de l'est du bassin de Parts. Mémoires de la Société Géologique de France. 2, 1-42.
Huene, 1926. The carnivorous Saurischia in the Jura and Cretaceous formations, principally in Europe. Revista Museo de La Plata. 29, 35-167.
Huene, 1932. Die fossile Reptil-Ordnung Saurischia, ihre Entwicklung und Geschichte. Monographien zur Geologie und Palaeontologie. 4(1), 361 pp.
Chure, 2000. A new species of Allosaurus from the Morrison Formation of Dinosaur National Monument (Utah-Colorado) and a revision of the theropod family Allosauridae. Ph.D. dissertation, Columbia University. 1-964.

unnamed possible theropod (Seeley, 1876)
Late Albian, Early Cretaceous
Cambridge Greensand, England
Material- (SMC B55281) anterior sacrum
Comments- SMC B55281 was identified by Seeley (1876) as a partial sacrum of Enaliornis barretti, reidentified as a pterosaur notarium by Galton and Martin (2002a), then identified again as a possible theropod sacrum by Galton and Martin (2002b).
References- Seeley, 1876. On the British fossil Cretaceous birds. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London. 32, 496-515.
Galton and Martin, 2002a. Enaliornis, an Early Cretaceous hesperornithiform bird from England, with comments on other Hesperornithiformes. In Chiappe and Witmer (eds). Mesozoic birds: Above the heads of dinosaurs. Berkeley: University of California Press. 317-338.
Galton and Martin, 2002b. Postcranial anatomy and systematics of Enaliornis Seeley, 1876, a footpropelled diving bird (Aves: Ornithurae: Hesperornithiformes) from the Early Cretaceous of England. Revue de Paleobiologie. 21(2), 489-538.

unnamed neotheropod (Sauvage, 1882)
Early Cretaceous
Bar-le-Duc, Meuse, France
Material- pedal phalanx II-1 (100 mm)
Comments- This was originally described by Sauvage, and referred to Erectopus superbus by Huene (1926). While Huene lists two phalanges on page 43, he only notes one on page 79. Chure (2000) states Huene (1926) described this element as part of the type material, but the pedal phalanges Huene mentions in the type description are in figures 3.3 and 4.4 of Sauvage's paper, whereas he indicates this phalanx is in figure 4.3. The phalanx may belong to any large theropod, and is not comparable to Erectopus' type.
References- Sauvage, 1882b. Recherches sur les reptiles trouves dans le Gault de l'est du bassin de Parts. Mémoires de la Société Géologique de France. 2, 1-42.
Huene, 1926. The carnivorous Saurischia in the Jura and Cretaceous formations, principally in Europe. Revista Museo de La Plata. 29, 35-167.
Huene, 1932. Die fossile Reptil-Ordnung Saurischia, ihre Entwicklung und Geschichte. Monographien zur Geologie und Palaeontologie. 4(1), 361 pp.
Chure, 2000. A new species of Allosaurus from the Morrison Formation of Dinosaur National Monument (Utah-Colorado) and a revision of the theropod family Allosauridae. Ph.D. dissertation, Columbia University. 1-964.

undescribed Theropoda (Woodward, 1906)
Early Aptian, Early Cretaceous
Wonthoggi Formation of the Strzelecki Group, Victoria, Australia
Material- (NMV P10058) partial pedal ungual (Woodward, 1906)
(NMV P186151) pedal phalanx (Cleeland, 2004)
(NMV P186175) vertebra (Cleeland, 2004)
(NMV P186218) (large) vertebra (Cleeland, 2004)
(NMV P212840) (large) vertebra (Cleeland, 2004)
(juvenile) centrum (~30 mm) (Kool, 1997)
five teeth (Kool, 2003)
skull fragments (Rich, 2003)
two teeth (Kool, 2004)
tooth, centrum (Cleeland, 2004)
several teeth (Monash University online 2007)
(~5 m) dorsal centrum (Monash University online 2007)
Comments- Kool (2003) reported five theropod teeth were discovered in the 2003 Dinosaur Dreaming field season. She noted that preliminary study by Currie indicates the presence of four taxa of small theropods known from teeth in the Wonthoggi Formation. Rich (2003) reported identifying small theropod skull fragments. Kool (2004) reported two small recurved serrationless theropod teeth. Rich (2004) reported that three taxa of small theropods were present in the Wonthoggi Formation based on studies by Salisbury of over 100 teeth. The Dinosaur Dreaming 2007 update notes several theropod teeth and a dorsal centrum were discovered.
References- Woodward, 1906. On a tooth of Ceratodus and a dinosaurian claw from the Lower Jurassic of Victoria, Australia. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 7th series. 103, 1-3.
Rich and Vickers-Rich, 1993. The dinosaurs who came in from the cold. Airways. January/February, 36-42.
Kool, 1997. Dinosaur Dreaming Field Report 1997.
Rich and Vickers-Rich, 1997. Future directions for dinosaur research in Australia. in Wolberg, Stump and Rosenberg (eds). Dinofest International, Proceedings of a Symposium sponsered by Arizona State University. A Publication of The Academy of Natural Sciences. 275-277.
Kool, 2003. Field report by Lesley Kool. Dinosaur Dreaming 2003 Field Report.
Rich, 2003. Research update by Tom Rich. Dinosaur Dreaming 2003 Field Report.
Cleeland, 2004. A summary of the status of known Cretaceous vertebrate fossil localities on the Strzelecki Coast, Victoria, Australia. Dinosaur Dreaming 2004 Field Report. 10-13.
Kool, 2004. Field Report. Dinosaur Dreaming 2004 Field Report. 1-3.
Rich, 2004. Research Update. Dinosaur Dreaming 2004 Field Report. 7.
http://www.sci.monash.edu.au/msc/dinodream/update.html

unnamed neotheropod (Simionescu, 1913)
Valanginian-Barremian, Early Cretaceous
Dobrogea, Romania
Material- tooth
Comments- This tooth was described by Simionescu (1913) and compared to Erectopus (then Megalosaurus superbus). Huene (1926) doubted it was the same species due to age differences, but did continue to call it Erectopus aff. superbus. The specimen does not appear diagnostic and may be from any ceratosaur, basal tetanurine, carnosaur or basal coelurosaur.
References- Simionescu, 1913. Megalosaurus aus der Unterkreide der Dobrogea. Chi. Min. Geol. Palaeontol. 1913, 686-687.
Huene, 1926. The carnivorous Saurischia in the Jura and Cretaceous formations, principally in Europe. Revista Museo de La Plata. 29, 35-167.

unnamed possible theropod (Huene, 1934)
Santonian-Campanian, Late Cretaceous
Palacio Formation, Uruguay
Material- tooth
Comments- This tooth was referred to Ornithomimidae by Huene (1934), but we now know that clade is toothless and restricted to the Northern hemisphere. If theropod, the tooth is more probably another type of small coelurosaur or abelisauroid.
Reference- Huene, 1934. Neue Saurier-Zähne aus der Kreide von Uruguay [New saurian teeth from the Cretaceous of Uruguay]. Centralblatt für Mineralogie, Geologie und Paläontologie, Abteilung B: Geologie und Paläontologie. 1934(4), 183-189.

unnamed possible neotheropod (Riabinin, 1937)
Late Barremian-Mid Aptian, Early Cretaceous
Mogoito Member of Murtoi Formation, Russia
Material- distal metapodial or phalanx
Comments- A distal phalanx was discovered in 1931 and referred to Theropoda indet. by Riabinin (1937). Nessov (1995) considered this to be a possibly sauropod metapodial or phalanx. Averianov et al. (2003) referred it to Therizinosauridae based on the unequally deep collateral ligament pits, but Zanno (2008) noted both sides having well defined pits (albeit better developed on one side) is unlike therizinosaurs. Whether this specimen is indeed a theropod at all is still uncertain.
References- Riabin, 1937. A new discovery of dinosaurs in Transbaikalia. Ezhegodnik Vsesoyuznogo Paleontologicheskogo Obshchestva. 11, 141-144.
Nessov, 1995. Dinosaurs of nothern Eurasia: new data about assemblages, ecology, and paleobiogeography. Institute for Scientific Research on the Earth's Crust, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg. 1-156.
Averianov, Starkov and Skutschas, 2003. Dinosaurs from the Early Cretaceous Murtoi Formation in Buryatia, Eastern Russia. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 23(3), 586-594.
Zanno, 2008. A taxonomic and phylogenetic reevaluation of Therizinosauria (Dinosauria: Theropoda): Implications for the evolution of Maniraptora. PhD Thesis. The University of Utah. 329 pp.

unnamed neotheropod (Lapparent and Zbyszewski, 1957)
Aptian, Early Cretaceous
Boca do Chapim, Portugal
Material- (FSL coll.) two tooth fragments (FABL 20 mm)
Comments- Lapparent and Zbyszewski (1957) referred two tooth fragments from the Aptian of Portugal to Megalosaurus superbus, but they could belong to any ceratosaur, basal tetanurine, carnosaur or basal coelurosaur.
References- Lapparent and Zbyszewski, 1957. [The dinosaurs of Portugal]. Services Geologiques du Portugal. Memoire 2, 1-63.

unnamed Ceratosauroidae (Ostrom, 1970)
Late Aptian, Early Cretaceous
Cloverly Formation, Montana, US
Material- (YPM 5366) tooth
tooth (Maxwell, 1993)
Comments- These teeth were questionably referred to Microvenator by Ostrom, but they are unlikely to belong to an oviraptorid and are more probably from basal coelurosaurs similar to Nedcolbertia.
References- Ostrom, 1970. Stratigraphy and paleontology of the Cloverly Formation (Lower Cretaceous) of the Bighorn Basin area, Wyoming and Montana. Peabody Mus. Nat. Hist., Yale Univ., Bull. 35, 234 pp.
Maxwell, 1993. Neonate dinosaur remains and dinosaur eggshell from the Lower Cretaceous Cloverly Formation of Montana. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 13(3), 48A.
Maxwell and Horner, 1994. Neonate dinosaurian remains and dinosaurian eggshell from the Cloverly Formation, Montana. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 14(1), 143-146.
Makovicky and Sues. 1998. Anatomy and phylogenetic relationships of the theropod dinosaur Microvenator celer from the Lower Cretaceous of Montana. American Museum Novitates. 3240, 1-27.

unnamed ceratosauroid (Mateer, 1987)
Berriasian-Barremian, Early Cretaceous
Sundays River Formation, South Africa
Material- (SAM K1475) pedal ungual (94 mm)
Comments- Mateer (1987) referred this ungual to either Megalosauridae or Allosauridae, while Nessov (1995) referred it to Therizinosauria or "groups most closely related to them" (which in his opinion consisted of spinosaurids and dryptosaurids). Neither of these opinions was made in the context of a modern understanding of theropod phylogeny however. Provisional comparisons suggest it more closely resembles pedal unguals of Sinraptor and Poekilopleuron than those of any therizinosaurs (Beipiaosaurus, Alxasaurus, Nothronychus, Erlikosaurus), which tend to be deeper and more curved.
References- Mateer, 1987. A new report of a theropod dinosaur from South Africa. Palaeontology. 30(1), 141-145.
Nessov, 1995. Dinosaurs of nothern Eurasia: new data about assemblages, ecology, and paleobiogeography. Institute for Scientific Research on the Earth's Crust, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg. 1-156.

unnamed ceratosauroid (Mateer, 1987)
Late Jurassic
Enon Conglomerate, South Africa
Material- (SAM 643) tooth (28 mm)
(SAM 649) tooth (>32 mm)
Comments- These teeth lack mesial serrations, and have 18-20 serrations per 5 mm on the distal carina. As no other details are available besides general shape in lateral view and absence of vertical striations (unlike some ceratosaurids), it is unlikely these teeth can be classified more precisely based on published data.
Reference- Mateer, 1987. A new report of a theropod dinosaur from South Africa. Palaeontology. 30(1), 141-145.

unnamed possible Ceratosauroidea (Werner, 1994)
Cenomanian, Late Cretaceous
Wadi Milk Formation, Sudan
Material- (Vb-715) pedal ungual
(Vb-716) pedal ungual
Comments- These two unguals were referred to Ornithomimosauria by Werner (1994), but differ from known taxa in being more dorsoventrally compressed and broader, with no lateral grooves or flanges, almost no posterodorsal process, a low flexor tubercle instead of a fossa, and paired fossae posterior to this with a foramen in each. They may not be theropod.
Reference- Werner, 1994. Die kontinentale Wirbeltierfauna aus der unteren Oberkreide des Sudan (Wadi Milk Formation) [The continental vertebrate fauna of the lower Upper Cretaceous of Sudan (Wadi Milk Formation)]. In Kohring and Martin (eds). Miscellanea Palaeontologica 3: Festschrift Bernard Krebs. Berliner Geowissenschaften Abhandlungen, Reihe E. 13, 221-249.

unnamed Ceratosauroidea (DeCourten, 1991)
Early Albian, Early Cretaceous
Ruby Ranch Member of Cedar Mountain Formation, Utah, US
Material- (UUVP 904) tooth (DeCourten, 1991)
ilum (Kirkland et al., 1997)
Comments- DeCourten (1991) assigned this tooth to Acrocanthosaurus, but Kirkland and Parrish (1995), Kirkland et al. (1997) and Harris (1998) disagreed, citing coarser serrations (1/mm as opposed to Acrocanthosaurus' 2/mm). Harris suggested the ilium may belong to the same individual or taxon, but noted it cannot be compared with Acrocanthosaurus.
References- Decourten, 1990. The Long Walk Quarry: A New Horizon in Dinosaur Research: Canyon Legacy. 6, 15-22.
DeCourten, 1991. The Long Waik quarry and tracksite: unveiling the mysterious Early Cretaceous of the Dinosaur Triangle region. in Averett (ed.). Guidebook for Dinosaur quarries and tracksites tour, western Colorado and eastern Utah. Grand Junction: Grand Junction Geological Society. 19-25.
Kirkland and Parrish, 1995. Theropod teeth from the lower and middle Cretaceous of Utah. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 15(3), 39A.
Kirkland, Britt, Burge, Carpenter, Cifelli, DeCourten, Eaton, Hasiotis and Lawton, 1997. Lower to Middle Cretaceous dinosaur faunas of the Central Colorado Plateau: a key to understanding 35 million years of tectonics, sedimentology, evolution, and biogeography. Brigham Young University Geology Studies. 42, 69-103.
Harris, 1998. Large, Early Cretaceous theropods in North America. in Lucas, Kirkland and Estep (eds.). Lower and Middle Cretaceous Terrestrial Ecosystems. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin, 14, 225-228.

unnamed Neotheropoda (Tamara et al., 1991)
Late Cenomanian-Early Turonian, Late Cretaceous
Jobu Formation of Mifune Group, Japan
Material- (Kitakyusyu Museum of Natural History coll.) tooth
(Kitakyusyu Museum of Natural History coll.) two dorsal neural arches, fibula
(Mifune Board of Education laboratory coll.) four teeth, incomplete tibia, fibula, distal metatarsal II, distal metatarsal III
Comments- These remains were stated to be like Allosaurus by Tamara et al. (1991), though Chure (2000) thought they were different enough to be excluded from Allosauridae. A femur was associated with the dorsal neural arches and fibula, but Chure correctly notes it resembles pterosaurs more. The teeth differ from Allosaurus in being taller with straight posterior margins. The neural arches differ in having lower and thinner neural spines. The tibia and fibulae are too damaged to be useful. The distal metatarsals differ in being transversely wider, with larger rounder flexor depressions and less cranioproximally extensive distal articular surfaces.
References- Tamara, Okazaki and Ikegami, 1991. Occurence of carnosaurian and herbivorous dinosaurs from upper formation of Mifune Group, Japan, Memiors of the Faculty of Education, Kumamoto University. 40, 31-45.
Chure, Manabe, Tanimoto and Tomida, 1999. An unusual theropod tooth from the Mifune Group (Late Cenomanian to Early Turonian), Kumamoto, Japan. in Tomida, Rich, and Vickers-Rich (eds.). Proceedings of the Second Gondwanan Dinosaur Symposium. National Science Museum (Tokyo) Monographs. 15, 291-296.
Chure, 2000. A new species of Allosaurus from the Morrison Formation of Dinosaur National Monument (Utah-Colorado) and a revision of the theropod family Allosauridae. Ph.D. dissertation, Columbia University, 1-964.

unnamed theropod (Brokenshire and Clarke, 1993)
Kimmeridgian, Late Jurassic
Lower Kimmeridge Clay, England
Material- (private coll.) two pedal phalanges
Comments- These were described as ornithomimid by Brokenshire and Clarke (1993), but Martill et al. (2006) could not place it more exactly than Theropoda indet..
References- Brokenshire and Clarke, 1993. Important recently collected dinosaurian remains from the Lower Kimmeridge Clay at Weymouth. Proceedings of the Dorset Natural History and Archaeological Society. 115, 177-178.
Martill, Naish and Earland, 2006. Dinosaurs in marine strata: evidence from the British Jurassic, including a review of the allochthonous vertebrate assemblage from the marine Kimmeridge Clay Formation (Upper Jurassic) of Great Britain. In Colectivo Arqueológico-Paleontológico Salense (ed) Actas de las III Jornadas sobre Dinosaurios y su Entorno. Salas de los Infantes (Burgos, España). 47-83.

undescribed theropod (Rich and Vickers-Rich, 1993)
Early Albian, Early Cretaceous
Eumerella Formation of Otway Group, Victoria, Australia
Material- dorsal vertebra
References- Rich and Vickers-Rich, 1993. The dinosaurs who came in from the cold. Airways. January/February, 36-42.
Kool, 1997. Dinosaur Dreaming Field Report 1997.
Rich and Vickers-Rich, 1997. Future directions for dinosaur research in Australia. in Wolberg, Stump and Rosenberg (eds). Dinofest International, Proceedings of a Symposium sponsered by Arizona State University. A Publication of The Academy of Natural Sciences. 275-277.

unnamed ceratosauroid (Fiorillo and Currie, 1994)
Late Albian, Early Cretaceous
Mussentuchit Member of the Cedar Mountain Formation, Utah, US
Material- (CM 72651) tooth fragment
Comments- Fiolrillo (1999) described a tooth fragment with labiolingually elongate serrations and no blood grooves, which he felt was very similar to specimens described as Theropod A by Fiorillo and Currie (1994).
Reference- Fiorillo and Currie, 1994. Theropod teeth from the Judith River Formation (Upper Cretaceous) of south-central Montana. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 14, 74-80.
Fiorillo, 1999. Non-mammalian microvertebrate remains from the Robison Eggshell site, Cedar Mountain Formation (Lower Cretaceous), Emery County, Utah. in Gillette (ed.). Vertebrate Paleontology in Utah. Utah Geological Survey, Miscellaneous Publication. 99-1, 259-268.

undescribed ceratosauroid (Metcalf and Walker, 1994)
Early Bathonian, Middle Jurassic
Chipping Norton Formation, England
Material- (GLRCM coll.; C) premaxillary tooth (3.4 mm)
Comments- This was labeled as "dromaeosaur-like" by Metcalf and Walker (1994).
It is a premaxillary tooth which is serrated on both carinae, though the mesial serrations do not extend as basally. Serrations are very flat and low with no blood pits. Serration density is 5-6/mm mesially and distally.
These are all fairly basal characters, suggesting the tooth may come from a basal tetanurine or carnosaur, or perhaps a very basal coelurosaur.
Reference- Metcalf and Walker, 1994. A new Bathonian microvertebrate locality in the English Midlands. in Fraser and Sues (eds.). In the Shadow of the Dinosaurs- Mesozoic Small Tetrapods, Cambridge (Cambridge University Press). 322-332.

unnamed ceratosauroid (Rodriguez de la Rosa and Cevallos-Ferriz, 1998)
Late Campanian, Late Cretaceous
Cerro del Pueblo Formation, Mexico
Material- (IGM-7714) partial caudal centrum
(IGM-7716) distal pedal phalanx
Comments- Rodriguez de la Rosa and Cevallos-Ferriz (1998) assigned IGM-7714 to Theropoda indet. and IGM-7716 to probable Dromaeosauridae, but the somewhat centrally placed collateral ligement pit and uncertain phalangeal identity make assignment more precise than Theropoda uncertain.
Reference- Rodriguez de la Rosa and Cevallos-Ferriz, 1998. Vertebrates of the El Pelillal locality (Campanian, Cerro del Pueblo Formation), Southeastern Coahuila, Mexico. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 18, 751-764.

unnamed Ceratosauroidea (Milner, 2002)
Berriasian, Early Cretaceous
Purbeck Limestone Group, England
Material- (BMNH 44806) tooth (64 mm) (Lydekker, 1888)
(BMNH R 2566a) tooth (28.5 mm) (Woodward, 1895)
(BMNH R 2566b) tooth (31.5 mm) (Woodward, 1895)
(BMNH R 2566c) tooth (26.5 mm) (Woodward, 1895)
(BMNH R 2567a) tooth (Milner, 2002)
(BMNH R 2567b) tooth (Milner, 2002)
(BMNH R 2821) tooth (56.8 mm) (Milner, 2002)
(BMNH R 6908; = DORCM G 80) partial metatarsal III (~280 mm) (Milner, 2002)
Early Berriasian, Early Cretaceous
Marly Freshwater Member of Lulworth Formation of Purbeck Limestone Group, England
(CAMSM J 13956) pedal phalanx III-1 (24 mm) (Milner, 2002)
Comments- Lydekker (1888) assigned BMNH 44806 to Megalosaurus dunkeri, while it was later assigned to Altispinax dunkeri (Huene, 1926) and Megalosaurus sp. (Delair, 1959). BMNH R 2566 was assigned to Megalosaurus sp. by Woodward (1895). Milner (2002) felt these and three others (BMNH R 2567 and 2821) were closer to allosaurids than megalosaurids based on their higher DSDI. However, Dubreuillosaurus has a comparably high DSDI, so this is not a valid character for distinguishing carnosaurs from basal tetanurines. The teeth are retained in Ceratosauroidea indet. until they are described in more detail. Neither these nor the pedal phalanx are illustrated.
The distal metatarsal III was found before 1954 but only described in 2002 by Milner. She tentatively assigned it to the Eumaniraptora based on slenderness, non-arctometatarsal condition and spatiotemporal occurance (earlier than known oviraptorosaurs, which are incorrectly said to be only known from Mongolia and Canada). However, most eumaniraptorans have ginglymoid third metatarsi (Bambiraptor, Velociraptor, Deinonychus, Dromaeosaurus, Achillobator, Rahonavis, Shenzhouraptor, Hulsanpes, basal Avebrevicauda), a subarctometatarsus (Pedopenna, Sinornithosaurus, Graciliraptor, Archaeopteryx), or both (Neuquenraptor, Microraptor, Troodontidae, Buitreraptor). Possible exceptions are scansoriopterygids, Jixiangornis and Yandangornis, though the former are only known from juvenile material and the latter two are illustrated and described poorly. So contra Milner, I find this metatarsal to most likely not be eumaniraptoran. Many non-paravian theropods can be excluded due to arctometatarsaly or subarctometatarsaly (tyrannosaurids, ornithomimosaurs, mononykines, basal oviraptorosaurs) or ginglymoidy (Compsognathus, Dilong, allosaurids, Acrocanthosaurus, Sinraptor, Torvosaurus). However, there are still several equally plausible alternatives left for the Purbeck metatarsal, which resembles not only oviraptorids, but also such varied taxa as Fukuiraptor, Falcarius, Tanycolagreus, Ornitholestes, Coelurus, Nqwebasaurus, Elaphrosaurus and Masiakasaurus. I recommend classifying it as Ceratosauroidea indet..
References- Lydekker, 1888. Catalogue of the Fossil Reptilia and Amphibia in the British Museum (Natural History), Cromwell Road, S.W., Part 1. Containing the Orders Ornithosauria, Crocodilia, Dinosauria, Squamta, Rhynchocephalia, and Proterosauria: British Museum of Natural History, London. 309pp.
Woodward, 1895. Note on megalosaurian teeth discovered by Mr. J. Alstone in the Portlandian of Aylesbury. Proceedings of the Geologists' Association. 14, 31-32.
Huene, 1926. The carnivorous Saurischia in the Jura and Cretaceous Formations, principally in Europe. Revista del Museo de La Plata. 29, 1-167.
Delair, 1959. The Mesozoic reptiles of Dorset. Part 2. Proceedings of the Dorset Natural History and Archaeological Society. 80, 52-90.
Milner, 2002. Theropod dinosaurs of the Purbeck Limestone Group, southern England. in Milner and Batten (eds.). Life and Environments in Purbeck Times. Special Papers in Palaeontology. 68, 191-201.

unnamed Ceratosauroidea (Candeiro, Abranches, Abrantes, Avilla, Martins, Moreira, Torres, Bergqvist, 2004)
Turonian-Santonian, Late Cretaceous
Adamantina Formation of the Bauru Group, Brazil
Material- (UFRJ-DG 375-Rd) tooth
(UFRJ-DG 376-Rd) tooth
(UFRJ-DG 377-Rd) tooth
Reference- Candeiro, Abranches, Abrantes, Avilla, Martins, Moreira, Torres, Bergqvist, 2004. Dinosaur remains from western Sao Paulo State, Brazil (Bauru Basin, Adamantina Formation, Late Cretaceous). Journal of South American Earth Sciences. 18, 1-10.

unnamed Ceratosauroidea (O'Connor et al., 2006)
Early Cretaceous
Unit 1 of the Red Sandstone Group, Tanzania
Material- (TNM 02088) tooth (FABL ~11.5 mm)
(TNM 03041) two incomplete proximal caudal vertebrae (80 mm)
(TNM coll.) eight lateral teeth, two anterior teeth
Reference- O'Connor, Gottfried, Stevens, Roberts, Ngasala, Kapilima and Chami, 2006. Journal of African Earth Sciences.