Optional: Kohlberg’s Moral Development
 
1 Review Questions & Discussion
2 Introducing Kohlberg and his orientation
2.1
Source: New York Times Lee Malvo, now age 18, age 17 during time of shootings
2.2 “prosecutors at Mr. Muhammad’s trial have been trying to convince the jury that the older man exerted so much control over Mr. Malvo, who was 17 at the time, that he should be held responsible for the shootings.

But Mr. Malvo’s lawyers say this strategy bolsters their defense by emphasizing the sway Mr. Muhammad held over Mr. Malvo.” New York Times
2.3
Lawrence Kohlberg, Harvard U
3 Dinner
4 Kohlberg’s Stages
4.1 Eric: Show them the Heinz dilemma in action (about 4 minutes)
4.2 Level 1 Pre
4.2.1 Stage 1 Preconventional. Obedience and Punishment.
4.2.1.1 “Stealing is bad because you will get punished”
4.2.2 Stage 2 Preconventional. Individualism and exchange.
4.2.2.1 “Well she might do it for me.”
4.3 LEVEL 2
4.3.1 Stage 3 Conventional. good interpersonal relationships.
4.3.1.1 “But he loves his wife.”
4.3.2 Stage 4 Conventional. Maintaining the social order.
4.3.2.1 Apartheid Afrikaner: “If we let the blacks rule than the nation will be in chaos for all.”
4.4 LEVEL 3
4.4.1 Stage 5 Postconventional
4.4.1.1 A law and order society is not necessarily a just one.
4.5 But are these stages?
4.5.1 Qualitative
4.5.2 Structured wholeness. There is a pattern in responses!
4.5.3 Invariant sequence
4.5.4 Hierarchic integration: Note this means that earlier stages are “incorporated” into new ones. Kind of.
4.5.4.1 Example.
4.5.5 Universal sequence
5 Post-Kohlberg Research
5.1 Postconventional people: why so very few?
5.2 Culture
5.2.1 Are the stages universal?
5.2.2 Not in Text! Does the concepts of “morality” vs. “convention” differ across societies?
5.3 Are there gender differences in moral development?
5.3.1 Warning: Durbrow is highly critical. Crain may be more balanced.
5.3.2 Carol Gilligan
5.3.3 Data, data. Where’s the data?
5.3.4 Don’t forget to show them the Atlantic controversy
5.4 Okay. So do parents not matter than? Do they matter less than peers? Than individual maturation?
5.4.1 Low priority. Eric: If time, give them the 4 minute Walker interview.
5.5 Do teachers matter?
5.5.1 Socratic discussion. Blatt.
5.5.2 Just communities. Kohlberg.
6 Preview Vygotsky! Don’t them leave yet!
6.1 Some potentially difficult concepts
6.1.1 What’s this dialectic thing?
6.1.2 What is a “sign” and isn’t there a better name?
6.1.3 So would Vygotsky get along with Piaget if they went to a bar?
6.1.3.1 The controversy about preschool-talk or self talk or egocentric talk...
6.1.3.2 The controversy about instruction
6.1.4 What’s this zone of proximal development?
7 Review: Is Piaget useful in the class?
7.1 15 min. video by Elkind. If time.s
8 Essay Question & Discussion
8.1 Essay
8.1.1 Developing countries are beginning to copy drugs to fight AIDS which clearly violates patent laws. They are doing so because pharmaceutical companies are charging more than what people can afford. Pharmaceutical companies argue they can’t charge less because they have to recoup the expense of drug development. How would someone at the preconventional, conventional, and postconventional level explain what they think is right and wrong? First, describe two preconventional responses--one arguing in favor of the developing countries and one arguing in favor of the pharmaceutical companies. Second, describe two conventional responses--one arguing in favor of the developing countries and one arguing in favor of the pharmaceutical companies. Lastly, describe one postconventional response and discuss how this response differs dramatically from the earlier levels.