Class 4: Trauma & Coping in Toddlers

Class 4: Trauma & Coping in Toddlers

					Announcements

					Will have our first break at 6:45 pm: Get to cafeteria quickly

					Will try to do essay earlier

					Tuesday: See hand-out. Not on any tests but worthwhile to read.

					Video: When the bough breaks

					Take notes and stop me during this video as it is directly related to tonight’s essay question

					Briefly: you will see several young children with....

					Sleeping problem

					Eating problem

					And several mothers that are very frustrated

					How is attachment theory used to diagnose and help solve these problems?

					Example 1

					Example 2

					Example 3

					Are you convinced? What evidence confirms or disconfirms that attachment theory is relevant?

					Essay

					A Few notes on essays and quizzes

					Most were good. Modal score was 9 average was about 8.75. Example paper available got a “low” 10. Lowest score was a 7.

					WRITE CLEARLY PLEASE

					Several papers had gaps---things left unexplained

					Need more space? Write on back or grab another sheet (remember to put your id on it)

					The purpose of this is to see if you can think through a problem and pose a solution or an analysis. It is not simply description.

					Quizzes. I am still getting the impression that several people are either not reading fully or not taking notes. Nevertheless most quizzes were good. High was 10.0, low 2.5. Mode was 7.5. If your next quiz score is 7 or less than SEE ME PLEASE and bring your notes. I WANT YOU TO DO WELL!

					Did I make a mistake? Although I am nearly perfect I might make a mistake. PLEASE WRITE ME A NOTE AND I WILL ATTEND TO IT BY NEXT CLASS. CITE PAGE NUMBERS.

					Review of Readings

					Toddler period: 12 to 36 months

					Two THREE jobs

					Maintain attachment

					Explore/mastery

					AND YES GROWING, EVEN THE BRAIN!

					Attachment and Secure Base

					Establishment of the “working model”

					Query: Is there a time when it is really to late to change attachment/working model?

					Additional Functioning of Attachment

					modeling

					social ref

					scaffolding

					dyadic regulation

					“co-construction” of how the world works

					BUT WHY IS THIS IMPORTANT IN THERAPY/HELPING?????

					Relationships and Social Development

					Sharing

					Controlling impulses given cultural norms EMOTIONAL DISPLAY RULES See Durbrow for example

					Status, roles, gender NOTE: ETHNICITY and RELIGION

					Cognitive Development

					What does egocentrism mean?

					Cognitive expectations

					Persistent especially by 24 months

					Language and Self Regulation

					The conflict here is that kids are struggling to put thoughts into words to express their state!

					Why is play important

					Transition from sensorimotor play of infancy to imaginative and symbolic play

					Play bypasses language limits and allows children to try to clarify confusing experiences

					NOTE: We will come back to this NEXT Thursday

					Affect and Behavior

					Toddler tries to first cope alone but if she fails than turns to trusted caregiver (adaptive)

					Question: Text says it is critical for parents to explain experiences but is this really an attitude from middle-class American society?

					Sources of Anxiety

					Frustration at failing at what older kids can do

					Reactions to losing control

					Conflicts between wanting to do it alone and with help

					Difficulty understanding what is happening due to…

					Question: In the case of Patrick, how can a parent help him channel his aggression in a positive direction to restore his inner equilibrium?

					Sources of aggression

					Disagreement about what is safe

					Toddlers desire to have it all

					Opposition when things don’t go according to their plans

					Strategies for Self Regulation and Coping

					Dyadic regulation

					Self-stimulation: yes masturbation may bother parents but it DOES help the toddler cope

					Play

					Language (i.e. learning names for …)

					Internalized standards

					Question: Does this REALLY diminish What would Freud say? Shame?

					Crib talk: what is it and why

					EXTENSION: the cookie experiment in delayed gratification

					Familiarity

					Moral Development, Empathy, Prosocial Dev

					18-24 mon child internalizes standards (EMOTIONAL DISPLAY RULES)

					Mahler

					Child does not really realize self as independent until 16-18.

					But we now know that child knows self earlier

					Object constancy: child internalizes the part of the parent

					Brief Extension

					More on egocentrism

					Egocentrism does NOT mean selfishness

					The three mountain experiment

					The three mountain experiment revisited

					More on culture

					Parents do not necessarily have the same goals as early interventions

					Note on intentional self

					Easy for therapist, parent, teacher, test to see child’s mastery and persistence as oppositional

					Look for in next reading

					Note: Next time we will have a guest presenter who will inform you about the difficulties that foster children and parents experience. Look for any information in the readings that may help you ask informed questions.

					Can I be a BIT more specific than the above?

					Attachment (obviously): Attachment problems common for foster kids THAT WERE INTRODUCED IN A NEW FAMILY DURING THIS AGE PERIOD

					Cognitive Development. Egocentric thinking and other “preoperational” tendencies in Preschool Kids that can make adaptation to a foster family particular difficult: Example: perspective-taking?

					What about memory? We don’t have our early memories, do we? So would a preschool-age kid be easily able to forget---or less able to forget---adverse experiences.

					Sources of Anxiety: lack of regulation leading to aggression

					Identification: Well, who does the preschool-age child identify with in a foster care situation?

					Peers: Do preschool-age children REALLY have friends that can help them adapt?

					EMAIL ME EDURBROW@EARTHLINK.NET IF ANY QUESTIONS OR CALL ME BEFORE 9 PM.

					Quiz