It also shorted some dialogue lines so they could be displayed comfortably using the new fonts.
(For example, in response to being offered a copy of the Melee Island PTA minutes, Guybrush normally says, "No, but I'll take one if you give me two pieces of eight."
On the SegaCD he says "I'll take one if you give ME two pieces of eight.")
This creates a minor oddity in the insult swordfighting, as the "dirty" is dropped from the insult "My name is feared in every dirty corner of this island!" leaving no clue as to the comeback "So you got that job as janitor, after all."
The backgrounds in the SegaCD port were taken from the Amiga version and given different palettes, although the character sprites were taken from the VGA CD.
The FM Towns version of Monkey Island 1 was very similar in most respects to the PC CD, but the FM Towns port's inventory icons were in EGA!
Some different sound effects were also used in the FM Towns release.
Now, some screenshots (taken with ScummVM) of each, starting with the SegaCD MI1.

The Lucasfilm Games logo, along with an added disclaimer and TM. It's a strange coppery color, just like the Amiga logo.

The opening credits, and another added TM.

Inside the Scumm Bar. Due to the SegaCD's limited processing power, many small details were removed, such as the pirate swinging on the chandelier.

The bar's kitchen. Look at the hunk of meat; it almost blends in with the table!

Talking with the Melee Island lookout. The SegaCD port of MI1 uses buttons on the controller to select dialogue lines from a tree,
since the cursor is less easy to use with a gamepad than it is with a mouse.

Melee Town's High Street. The background looks rather washed out; it's the result of a new palette used with the original Amiga version background.

Fighting the Sword Master. ScummVM has a nasty bug in this puzzle on MI1 SegaCD (you can only select the first 7 of the insults or comebacks listed),
making the trial much harder to complete.

Inside the Governor's Mansion. Notice the lack of parallax-scrolling objects such as the chandelier.

Stan's Previously Owned Vessels. This is one of the places where the modified Amiga backgrounds are especially noticeable.

On board the Sea Monkey. "What a buncha lazy pigs" indeed.

Guybrush ponders taking Meathook literally when asked if the word "keelhaul" means anything to him, but in the end wisely reconsiders.
Meathook's eyepatch has switched sides in this image, but that also happens in every other version.

In the Captain's cabin, Guybrush drools over the prospect of the booty possibly stowed in that chest.

This is where the crew sleeps, at least when they're not busy getting skin cancer.

Monkey Island (TM). Too bad the Sea Monkey is missing its rowboat...

Guybrush asks Herman Toothrot about his mysteriously deceased sailing companion.

A bit of censored dialogue, to "protect" the kiddies playing the game on SegaCD.

Bob the ghost. Not exactly a scary name, but then he's not much of a scary ghost.

The Part 4 intro screen. Three colors! Wow!

That magic root beer really works, as evidenced by the ectoplasm lying on the docks.

Pick up the root beer! Pick it up!

LeChuck is about to blow up in a most excellent fireworks display.

The classic message is slightly altered for console users.
Below are a few screenshots from MI1 FM Towns.

Our hero on the Melee Island dock. Those verbs sure are dark!

The kitchen. The hunk of meat looks totally different from normal.

The same odd "hunk of meat" icon can be seen in this scan of the back of the MI1 Mac box.

Stewed meat, complete with yellowed bones. Eew.

The dialogue trees take up much more space than in other versions.

There's an alternate "sword" icon as well as the strange "hunk of meat" one.

Ah, the good old days when trolls kept in dark places and didn't know how to use computers.

The Legendary Lost Treasure of Melee Island...more like the Legendary Lost T-shirt.

After LeChuck kidnaps Elaine, Guybrush visits the Voodoo Lady for help.

Guybrush doesn't realize that most people won't volunteer for a harsh life at sea without a reward offered.

The storekeeper doesn't think Guybrush smells very good, but that's not proof enough of piratehood to get our hero a note of credit.

The Sea Monkey's hold is a little too leaky for my comfort.