Surname History

Whitesides can be found in many parts of the world, but there are some clues as to the ancestral origins of those with this surname.  Some of the earliest Whitesides to arrive in the Americas were called Scotch-Irish and some of the earliest Whitesides to arrive in Northern Ireland were called Scots. Also, in 1881, the largest populations of Whiteside were found in Lancashire (near Blackpool), the Glasgow area (Glasgow, Renfrewshire and Lanarkshire), Ayr (Ayrshire), and County Antrim (Northern Ireland/Ulster).  Finally, Whiteside appears to be a place name that is common is southern Scotland.

The Place Name

There are many hills, farms, villages and peels (small castles or strongholds) called Whiteside in southern Scotland.  Most of these place names are descriptive of the land features and are not likely to be associated with the Whiteside surname. The Gaelic phrase "am bŕn" describes the untilled portion of a field and translates to "the white"; the tilled portion of the field is "an dearg" or "the red". Whiteside most likely describes an untilled portion of field, probably pastureland, located on the side of a hill. The Whiteside surname most likely indicates that our ancestor came from a place named Whiteside.

The Lands of Whiteside

Many, if not most, Whiteside ancestors are thought to have their origins in the lands of Whiteside that are on the north side of the Nethan Waters in the valley of the River Clyde. The lands consist of divisions: Whitesidehill, High Whiteside and Whiteside. They are about eight miles southwest of Lanark and are bordered on the northwest by Skellyhill, on the north by Warlaw Hill and on the East by Middleholme. Whitesides have not been known to inhabit these lands for a millennia, but the land is still known as Whiteside.

Celtic Origins

The earliest people to inhabit Scotland began arriving almost 8,000 years ago. These aboriginal people left archeological evidence but no written record or oral traditions remain of their culture or history. Celts from northwest Europe, calling themselves Pretani, began arriving in Britain as early as the 7th century B.C.E. When the Romans arrived in the 1st century A.C.E., these Celtic tribes entered the Iron Age of social development ahead of their European cousins. The Romans called the Celts, Britoni, or Britons.

The earliest known inhabitants of lands of Whiteside were the Damnonii tribe of Celts that lived in the River Clyde valley and the coastal lands to the west, called Ayr. These Damnonii Celts were the northernmost of several tribes that shared a common language and culture and would later come to be known as Welsh (an Angle meaning rebels). Tribes to the north included the Caledones, who were cousins to the Scoti of northern Ireland, later called Scots, and the aboriginal tribes, called Picts.

Roman Occupation

Between 82 and 84 A.C.E., the Roman military pushed into the River Clyde valley. Romans began construction of the Antonine Wall in 142 A.C.E. The wall and a military road stretched from the mouth of the river Clyde to the Firth of Forth at Bo'ness. The wall proved indefensible and the Romans withdrew to Hadrian's Wall.

It was during this period of Roman influence that the Damnonii Celts began to form a kingdom called Strathclyde and their strong place at Alclyd, later called Dumbarton. The Romans began to withdraw from Britain in 383 AD.

Kingdom of Strathclyde

The Britons of Strathclyde joined with the Britons of Rheged, to their south, in 573 A.C.E. and formed a larger kingdom of Strathclyde which bordered Cumbria on the south, the Angle (English) kingdom of Northumbria on the east and the Scotish-Pictish (Scots) kingdom of Alba on the north. The kingdoms of Strathclyde and Rheged are the legendary lands of Arthur, fabled king of the Britons. Strathclyde, at is peak, took in the modern shires of Lanark, Ayr, Renfrew, Gallow, Dumfries and Stirling.

Strathclyde Welsh

Strathclyde Britons fended off Scots, Picts, Angles and Saxons while fighting among themselves for several hundred years. In 750, Northumbria succeeded in separating the Britons of Strathclyde from those on their south. Harassed from all sides, in 875 A.C.E, many inhabitants of Alclyd resolved upon emigrating to Gwynedd (modern Wales). By this time, the inhabitants were known by the Angles and Saxons as Strathclyde Welsh (Rebels).

The exodus was massive and left most of what would later be called Clydesdale and then Lanarkshire, greatly depopulated. A Saxon army intercepted the Strathclyde Welsh as they pressed through Galloway and king Constantin was killed in the battle. None the less, the Strathclyde army defeated the Saxons and made its way to way to Gwynedd where their new king negotiated for a place to settle. The Strathclyde Welsh were given the northern parts of Gwynedd, provided they agreed to expel the Angles and hold the land against further invasion, which they did. The largest population of modern Whitesides reside in Lancashire communities just south of the Wyre (Blackpool, Poulton-le Fylde, Kirkham, Preston, etc.).

Scotland

Strathclyde, greatly weakened by the loss of its army and much of its population was finally defeated by the Angles and ceded to the king of Scotland, Malcolm I, in 945 A.C.E. on condition of unity and aid. By this time, many of the remaining inhabitants of central Strathclyde may have moved to safer places, like Glasgow, where we find the next largest population of modern Whitesides, and Ayr, where we find a smaller but significant number of modern Whitesides. Modern Whitesides are not found in the lands of Whiteside or nearby areas. It isn't clear when they completely abandoned the lands of Whiteside. The kingdom of Strathclyde finally disappeared altogether in 1035 A.C.E., when Duncan, king of Strathclyde, ascended to the throne of Scotland and united the two kingdoms.

Norman Conquest

The Norman Conquest of England began in 1002 A.C.E. and by 1086 A.C.E., Norman lords had completely displaced Angles and Saxons in England. The last Welsh king was defeated in 1063 A.C.E. and the Norman custom of surnames was introduced with the recording of the Doomsday Book in 1080 A.C.E.

Place names, like Whiteside, were commonly adopted as surnames. Did the Strathclyde Welsh living in Lancashire keep and remember the lands of their ancestors for 200 years, with some finally taking Whiteside as their surname? I think so!

A great uncle (technically a cousin, two generations superior) remembered, based on an oral tradition, that our ancestors had come from Pennsylvania through Ontario to Michigan and told me almost 200 years later. He also told me that an ancestor with a very German name had come from a family living in France; they had moved almost 250 years earlier, my uncle had no written records available and yet I had it from him by oral tradition and was only able to find the written records many years later. Maintaining an oral tradition was more common in the days before written and electronic records and it seems very plausible that the Strathclyde Welsh remembered the lands of their origins.

The Norman Kings of England eventually gained influence over the kings of Scotland by invasion and political manipulation of the throne. In the reign of David I, from 1124 A.C.E. to 1150 A.C.E., Scotland adopted many Norman customs, including the use of surnames. It is assumed that many, most or even all of the Whitesides had left the lands of Whiteside for Glasgow or Ayr by this time but they kept and remembered the lands of their ancestors, finally taking Whiteside as their surname.

The Christian Church and Glasgow

The earliest Celts to inhabit the land were Druidical people. Christianity arrived very early in Britain and ecclesiastical records indicate activity as early as 190 A.C.E. The Christian church in Briton was not always in harmony with the church in Rome. In the 380s A.C.E., Pelagius led a successful effort to strengthen the Christian church in Briton. Pelgius eventually went to Rome were his teachings disturbed the church leaders. In 429 A.C.E., Germanus was sent to Briton to correct the church there with reported success. In the years following the return of Germanus, the Christian faith in Briton reverted greatly to the Druidic beliefs. Rome sent Augustine to Britain in 570 A.C.E. Augustine made alliances with the Angles and was very effective in reforming the Celtic Christians, stamping out druidic beliefs and imposing the Roman Christian faith on the Britons.

In 573 A.C.E., Rydderch, the Briton prince of Rheged and a champion of the Christian faith, subdued the Druidic Britons of Strathclyde, became the king of Alclyde and imposed the Christian faith on the kingdom.

With the defeat of Alclyde in 975 A.C.E., Glasgow emerges as a provincial capitol and the seat of the Christian church in Strathclyde. When David I becomes king of all Scotland, the Bishop of Glasgow emerges as a powerful regional leader.

Lesmahagow

In 1144, the barony and the church at Lesmahagow, were granted by David I to the Abbey of Kelso. A prior and monks of the order and habit of the Tyronenses were planted in Lesmahgow and it appears that the lands of Whiteside were part of the new barony. Lesmahagow was a sanctuary that attracted many people fleeing enemies and avengers.

Clan Douglas

About the year 1147, Theobald the Fleming, received from the Abbot of Kelso a grant of lands on Douglas Water, the dark stream, from which the family name was derived. Douglas Waters run south east to north west only a few miles south of the lands of Whiteside on the Nethan Waters.

Clan Crawford

John, stepson of Baldwin of Bigger, received a grand of lands of Crawford, later called Crawfordjohn, in the reign of Malcolm the Maiden (1153 - 1163). These lands were south of the lands of Douglas. His son, Sir Reginald Crawford, obtained lands in Ayr, that included Castle Crosby and lands called Whiteside, by virtue of his marriage with the heiress of James, the son of Lambin, a Norman baron. He was also the Sheriff of Ayr (The lands devolved to the male heir of Lambin upon the death of Sir Reginald's son, Hugh Crawford in 1297.

Hamilton

Lesmahagow and the lands of Whiteside came under the influence of the Lords of Hamilton who descended form an English knight with land holdings in Renfrew. Hamiltons held land north of Lesmahagow and served as ballies of the barony from 1456 until 1669.

John Boyd of Whiteside

The fourth son of Thomas Boyd, 6th Lord of Kilmarnock (b c1547, d 06.1611) was John Boyd of Whiteside; his third son was Adam Boyd of Nethermains. A small distance southeast of Kilmarnock is a place called Boyds Town and nearby Netherland Farm (Nethermain) and Whitehill (Whiteside) Farm.

Boyd of Kilmarnock

John Bell of Whiteside

"In 1685, Sir Robert Grierson of Lag surprised John Bell of Whiteside and some others on the hill of Kirkconnell, in the Parish of Tongland, and barbarously ordered them to be instantly put to death: he would not allow their bodies to be buried. Mr. Bell was the only son of the heiress of Whiteside, who, after the death of his father, had married Viscount Kenmure." John Bell's mother is described as the heiress of Whiteside, John Bell himself had been disinherited by a Bill of Forfeiture on account of his participation, with other Covenanters in the death of an English bishop. These Douglas and Bell lands, including the lands of Breckonside and Whiteside, subsequently passed to the Maxwells. Some researches have suggested that Bells of Whiteside were planted to Ulster and took Whiteside for their surname.

Whiteside and Orangefield

The lands of Whiteside in Ayr are found a short distance east of Monkton. The estate is unlike other places called Whiteside partly in that it appears to be fertile, tillable fields and farms that are not situated on or near any hills.

An 1828 map of Scotland prints the land of Whiteside in bold print.

The lands of Whiteside are mentioned again in the 1845 Statistical Accounts of Scotland. A. Murdoch, Esq. Of Whiteside and Orangefield, is listed as a chief landowner in the parish of Prestwick.

The lands of Whiteside in Ayr may have been settled between 975 and 1002 by Whitesides moving out of Strathclyde and into Ayr. This land, unlike the others appears to take its name from the original land owners. It fell into the hands of a Norman knight in the early 1100s and kept its name and value through the mid 1800s. Today, the land is the site of a Ministry of Defense establishment but it is still known as Whiteside Steading and includes the remains of an ancient windmill.

Ulster Plantation

During the 1570s, England, ruled by Queen Elizabeth I, had the goal of assimilating unruly Scot Highlanders and Irish by relocating English colonists into various areas, including Dublin. The reference to "Scotch-Irish" was used for the first known time to describe Scots that were settled in and around Dublin.

King James VI of Scotland became King James I of England in 1603. By 1610, the Irish Earls of Tyrconnell and Tyrone abandoned the northern Ireland county of Ulster under pressure. King James set up an Ulster Plantation and invited residents of Scotland and England to settle there if they would cultivate the land and provide as many jobs as possible exclusively to Scots or Englishmen. Since King James was originally Scotland’s king, Scots probably got better allotments than they would have otherwise. Most of the early Scot colonists were from the south western lowlands.

Other Ulster Plantation colonists came from the borders. In the early and mid 1600's the border between what is now Scotland and England was in constant turmoil. To survive, the occupants of this no-mans land became "Border Rievers" (robbers), they turned to cattle stealing, robbing, kidnapping, protectionism and fraud. This rugged way of life forged them into excellent frontiersman, guerrilla fighters, rogues and scouts. Clan Bell was especially notorious and many border clan members were forced to relocate in an effort to subdue them.

The Whitesides arrived in numbers from Scotland in the early years of the Plantation, circa 1625. They can be found in both the 1631 Muster Rolls and the 1666 Hearth Money Rolls in many different Parishes predominantly in County Antrim. Since many of the Scots relocated in the mid 1600's and later were part of the Clan Bell, many believe that there may be a Clan Bell connection.

Ulster Scots, Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia
Plantation of Ulster, Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia

Scots-Irish American

By 1720, the mostly Presbyterian Scots in Ulster were at odds with the mostly Catholic Irish from the other provinces and the Catholic King of England. The Scottish population of Ulster had been disarmed by the English Crown and had suffered from violent attacks by the Irish so when opportunity opened in America, Ulster Scots were already predisposed to relocate. The eighteenth century American use of the phrase "Scotch-Irish" was in reference to these Ulster Scots, NOT the mostly Catholic Irish that would migrate to the Americas something more than a hundred years later following the potato blight of 1846 to 1850. Many Whitesides from Ulster relocated first to Pennsylvania, then to Virginia and the Carolinas. Some relocated to Canada. The Whitesides, like other Scots-Irish pioneers, proved to be tough frontiersman, were respected leaders in their communities and many Whitesides were well-known for their participation in the French and Indian War, the American Revolution, the War of 1812 and even in the Civil War.

Scots-Irish American, Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia

The Talbot Settlement
& Andrew Whitesides

The land records or 1847 record that my great, great, great, great, grandfather Andrew Whitesides of Middleton  “located by Col. Talbot in 1818 on lot No. 178 South of Talbot Road East.”  Families that relocated to Ontario would be given land and in exchange they had to clear a portion of the land that later became, and is still called, Talbot Road. Between 1803 and 1837, Irish born British aristocrat, Col. Thomas Talbot, settled many Scots, Welsh, and Scots-Irish, into Ontario.  Following the Napoleonic Wars, Scots returned to unemployment and hardship. Col. Talbot settled many of these Scots directly to Ontario between 1816 and 1818.

Colonel Thomas Talbot, Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia

Andrew and his wife Ella had at least two children both born shortly after moving to Ontario.  Samuel Andrew Whitesides is my great, great, great, grandfather and his sister's name was Moria(h)

Moriah Whitesides.

On 28 May 1841, in Talbot District, Maria(h) Whitesides, daughter of Andrew Whitesides, married James Frederick Wade. The marriage was witnessed by Andrew Whitesides.

Samuel Andrew Whitesides

Samuel Andrew Whitesides was born 22 May 1818, in Middleton Twp, Norfolk Co, Ontario and died 28 Sep 1884, in Aylmer, Elgin Co, Ontario. He was married to Letitia Tomlyn, who was born about Dec 1825, in Lenham, Kent Co, England and died 12 Mar 1906, inn Aylmer, Elgin Co, Ontario. Samuel Andrew and Letitia were married on 28 Feb 1843 in Malahide Twp, Elgin Co, Ontario and are both buried in Aylmer Cemetery.

Samuel Andrew went alternately by the name of “Samuel”, “Samuel A.” and “Andrew Samuel”. Samuel Andrew is not know to have used the suffix, “Jr.” All of the records indicate that Samuel used an “s” at the end of “Whitesides”. All of Samuel Andrew’s children seem to have dropped the “s” by the time they were adults.

All of Samuel Andrew’s children were born in Malahide Twp, Elgin Co, Ontario were he owned a farm. Samuel is listed in the 1871 Ontario Census as living in Malahide Twp. Samuel Andrew still owned property in Malahide Twp. in 1877.

His three oldest sons seem to have all married in Ontario before moving to Michigan. His son, John Andrew Whiteside, records the birth of daughter, Alice Letitia, in Malahide Twp on 4 Oct 1877 and another daughter, Damaris Grace, in Burchfield Twp, Sinclair Co, Michigan, on 6 Oct 1878. Another son and my great, great grandfather, William Burgess Whiteside, records the birth of son, Oliver Edwin, in Malahide Twp, Elgin Co, Ontario, on 15 Jan 1875 and another son, my great grandfather, Samuel Stanton, in Prescott, Ogemaw Co, Michigan, on 7 Feb 1878 and the next child in St. Clair Co, Michigan in 1880. His next son son, George Eli records the birth of all of his children beginning with, Sadie Alice, on 1882, in Aylmer, Elgin Co, Ontario.

It would appear that Samuel Andrew and his family, moved to Michigan either at the very end of 1877 or before October of 1878. Samuel Andrew appears in the 1880 Michigan census as a resident of Burchville Twp, St. Clair Co, Michigan. Where he states that his father was born in Pennsylvania and his mother in Vermont. He owned property in Burchville Twp, St. Clair Co, Michigan in 1879, which he sold in 1881.

It would appear that he moved back to Aylmer, Elgin Co, Ontario in 1881 where both he and his wife later died and where buried.

Three of Samuel Andrew’s sons, John Andrew, William Burgess and Oliver Edwin, stayed in Michigan, while George Eli and his daughters appear to have moved back to Elgin Co, Ontario, settling near Aylmer. The Whiteside brothers and their offspring inhabited areas in St. Clair County (Burchville Twp), Ogemaw County (Prescott and West Branch area), and Genesee County (Flint and Clio). A few of the next generation, including my grandfather Earl Edward, are found in Iosco County (East Tawas), Wayne County (Detroit) and other areas.

Whiteside County, Illinois
& General Samuel Whiteside

"Whiteside County was named in honor of General Samuel Whiteside, a brave and distinguished officer, who participated in the Indian wars in this section of the country from 1812 until the close of the Black Hawk war. During the latter he was first Major, afterwards Colonel, then General of Volunteers. In his pursuit of Black Hawk in 1832, he passed through this section, and burned Prophet's Town. General Whiteside was a native of Rutherford County, North Carolina, and came to Illinois Territory about the year 1806, and settled in what is now Madison County. Besides holding the positions severally of Captain, Major, Colonel and General Commanding of forces against the hostile Indians, he was frequently elected and appointed to civil offices of trust and honor. He died in 1861, and was buried near the home of his daughter in Christian County, Illinois. General Whiteside participated actively in the affairs of this State at an early day, was a man of unsullied integrity, great sagacity, generous impulses, and was highly esteemed by the wide circle of people who knew him."

Taken from "Bent/Wilson History of Whiteside County" page 53
Whiteside County, Illinois, Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia
Samuel Whiteside, Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia

Gaelic/Scots/Welsh
Surname Spelling Theory

As old Gaelic gave way to first Latin and then English, several uniquely Scot spellings of Whiteside found their way into the records. The earliest Scot words that demonstrated the “wh” sound were spelled “quh” and the strong vowel “i” was initially spelled “y” so that the name was spelled Quhytsyde. The earliest forms of the name did not have an “e” after the “t”, a practice that persisted even after the introduction of the “wh” to produce Whytsyde. Eventually the “y” changed to “i” and the name was spelled Whitside, a surname that survives in some families to this day. Finally the surname took on its modern spelling “Whiteside”. There was, however, a brief period in which it was popular to add an “s” to the end of the surname; most of the family dropped the “s” by the mid 1800s but some still spell it Whitesides. The "s" may have been added as part of a Welsh custom of surnaming the son by adding an "s" to the father's names, as in John Roberts, meaning, "John, son of Robert", only in this case John Whitesides my have meant, "John, son of Whiteside".

English Surname
Spelling Theory

While considerably less common, the Latin and English versions of the surname are also found in very early records in England proper. In Old English, the word for white is hwit which is commonly spelled whit in more modern records and which ultimately evolves to white; side is synonymous with hillside. Early Latin versions of the name were spelled with the same "quh" in the place of "wh". The "s" may have been added as an English formality, pluralizing the names, as in "John of the Whitesides".   Some other English versions of the name, such as Whitsit and Whitsitt may be attempts to spell the name phonetically.

English Whitesides may have relocated from Scotland as wool traders or merchants or English may have taken the surname being descriptive of their family having fair skin or some other attribute for which the word white was appropriate.

Remembering Dr. Donald Whiteside

Many of you may remember the late Dr. Don Whiteside, of Ottawa, Ontario who began tracking the worldwide migration of Whitesides. Don sent my dad this picture of himself with his family in 1976. I turned 15 the year Don contacted our family. I spoke with Don in 1983 or 84 and obtained a good deal of information on Elgin County Whitesides in my family line. The Whiteside Family Association preserves much of Dr. Whiteside's original work.

Warren Whiteside, of Delaware, is spearheading a project to link Whitesides genetically. The Whiteside Surname Y-DNA Project utilizes the services of Family Tree DNA. Incredible genetic diversity exists within most surname groups; the Whiteside surname has been an exception. The vast majority of Whitesides tested are from a single genetic thread. The study has linked the surnames: Whiteside, Whitesides, Whitside, Whitsitt and Whitsett.

My own Whiteside family is one of the very few tested that does not fit within the genetic family.  A distant cousin and documented descendent of Samuel Andrew Whitesides (1818-1884) and I had our 12-marker test performed in early 2003.  We were a 12/12 match demonstrating a reliable common link to Samuel Andrew.  My own sample has been tested for the full 37-markers.  An analysis of the results when compared to others in the database is relatively inconclusive.  The best that can be said is that my own Whiteside family is a close match to the Scottish Modal Type.

Whiteside Coat of Arms

A Coat of Arms was "granted to Rev. JOHN WILLIAM WHITESIDE, Vicar of Scarborough, co, York, LL.D. of the Universities of Dublin and Cambridge, elder son of the late Rev. WILLIAM WHITESIDE, A. M., formerly a Scholar of Trinity College and Head Master of Rathmines Collegiate School in the County of Dublin, and grandson of WILLIAM WHITESIDE of Londonderry . The Right Hon. JAMES WHITESIDE, Lord Chief Justice of Ireland (1866-74), was brother of the grantee.

"A grant of Armorial design to him and his descendants and the other descendants of his aforesaid grandfather William Whiteside such Armorial Ensigns as he and they may lawfully use and bear. By the power to me given by Her Majesty's Royal Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Ireland do grant and confirm.

"In their language, the Arms (shield) is described as follow:

'Erm, a rose gu, seeded or, barbed vert, on a chief of the second a tower of the third.'

(Translation) Arms (the shield): With a background of ermine fur, a red rose with gold seeds and the sepals of the heraldic rose which appears between the petals, green, and on the top third of the shield, which is gold, a green tower.

"Above the shield and helmet is the Crest, which is described as:

'A demi lion ramp. per fess ar. and gu. in the dexter paw a rose of the second, seeded or, slipped and barbed vert.'

(Translation) Crest, (appears above the helmet): The top half of a lion facing to the left with arms waving, bisected horizontally, white on top, red below, in the left paw a red rose seeded gold, sepals and stalk green.

"When translated the blazon also describes the original colors of the Whiteside Arms and Crest as it appeared centuries ago.

"Motto:

Is left blank and often has the battle cry of the family.

Burke, Bernard Sir, (1844) The General Armory of England, Scotland, Ireland and Wales; comprising a registry of Armorial bearings from the earliest to the present time. London, Harrison & sons. Facsimile Edition by photolitho 1961., p. 1104

It is important to note that the Whiteside Coat of Arms is not the property of ALL Whitesides, but is the actual property of the descendents of William Whiteside of Londonderry.  Originally called, Derry, the city of Londonderry in Northern Ireland changed its name in 1613 during the Ulster Plantation.

The red rose, central to the crest is a likely indication that William Whiteside's family originated in Lancaster.  Whitesides with ancestral origins in Lancaster may wish to consider the use of the red rose as a symbol but should not use the Whiteside Coat of Arms  unless they are actual descendents of William Whiteside of Londonderry.

James Whiteside, Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia

Tartans and Clans

At least one Whiteside family is felt to have been associated with a border clan that occupied "a thirty mile corridor from Carlisle to Berwick upon the Tweed." They may have originated in the village of Whiteside, Northumberland. The village is located a short distance north of Hadrian's Wall about 20 miles east-northeast of Carlisle.

However closely associated the surname Whiteside may be with the Scots there is no hard evidence that any clan called Whiteside ever existed or that the Whitesides were a sept of any clan.  Whitesides wishing to celebrate their Scots ancestry may choose the green "Hunting Stewart", the red "Caledonia" or the darker "Black Watch", all of which are designated by The Scottish Tartan Society as "national" tartans.

The Scottish Tartans Society
Tartans and Clans, by Charles MacKinnon of Dunakin