Hybrid Synth:

Hybrid Block Diagrams:

A general view of the hybrid system, including block diagrams of the audio and control sections, a description of the matrix patching scheme and lists of parameters under computer control.

Modular circuits:

Sawtooth VCO:

A schematic of my present implementation of the popular integrator-with-reset circuit.

Triangle VCO:

A high-performance, triangle-wave oscillator, featuring IC analog switches for setting the ramp direction and the oscillator switching thresholds. Also includes a precise sawtooth waveshaper and an interesting "kick" synchronization scheme.

Double-Pulse Waveform Generator:

A waveshaper circuit generating one positive-going and one negative-going pulse per wave cycle. It can produce waveforms having a high content of odd-only harmonics, a capability not available with more commonly used waveshapers.

The "Wavolver" Waveshaper:

A waveshaper circuit generating a wide variety of timbres. It produces antisymmetric, odd harmonic waveforms combined with progressively evolving folded triangular sections. Sound clips, scope shots and spectra are included in this section.

The "5Pulser" Waveshaper:

A variable, multiple-pulse waveform generator based on an IC LED display driver. A simple and cost-effective way to obtain a wide range of voltage-controlled timbres.

The "SNICster" Waveshaper:

A waveform generator that produces a voltage-controlled waveform that can be swept between a sawtooth and a triangle shape when driven by a sawtooth input waveform. This novel circuit uses negative impedance converter (NIC) technology.

VCO Tempco Theory:

A discussion of temperature drift effects in VCOs, with derivation of equations used for developing accurate passive compensation.

Dial-a-Tempco Exponential Converter:

A new method for the accurate compensation of temperature drift effects, using adjustable passive compensation circuitry.