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The Ingalls Inquirer e-newsletter
Vol. 1-10
March, 1984-November, 1993
Published by Arlene Ingalls Schrader
ISSN 1933-7329

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Vol. 7, No.1 - March, 1990

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Family history newsletter started in 1984 for the purpose of sharing information on the surnames INGALLS, INGALL, INGELL, INGLES, INGLIES, INGLE, ENGEL, and variant spellings.

LAURA INGALLS WILDER SITE
METHODIST CHURCH
MUSEUM SPRING VALLEY, MN

* * AN INGALLS REUNION* *
July 14-15, 1990

Help us celebrate the 100th Anniversary of Almanzo & Laura Ingalls Wilder's stay in Spring Valley. Visit the church built in 1876 (Almanzo's father was a major contributor) where Laura & Almanzo attended in 1890-91.

Come to the Church Museum at 221 West Courtland to register. Meet relatives & friends. Sunday program: slide shows on Wilders, church & community; tours of museums. By special arrangement with owners--a tour of the Wilder farm--see the original horse barn!

Ingalls planning to display genealogy charts & other info, please contact the historical society. The large church lawn is available for visiting & display areas. The community building has been reserved in case of rain.

SPRING VALLEY, MINNESOTA
Located In Fillmore County on north-south US Highway #63 and on east-west Highway # 16; about 70 miles west from Dresbach Rest Stop on 1-90 near LaCrosse, WI.
I-90 Exchanges are located 16 miles west or 17 miles north.
Spring Valley is the first city north of the Iowa border on #63; and 30 miles south of Rochester with good roads in all directions.

RECREATION

* Methodist Church Museum, a Wilder Site On the National Register Italian Stained Glass Windows, c. 1715
* Pioneer Home Museum, c. 1880-12 rooms of turn of the century furnishings-great!
* City Park with lighted tennis courts, playgrounds, shelters, tables, grills, horseshoe pits, ball fields
* Solar-heated swimming pool
* Public 9-hole golf course 4 mi. south
* Camping available at 4 sites in the immediate area; many more nearby
* Mystery Cave, 6 miles SE
* MUCH MORE!!

SPRING VALLEY is a member of the Historic Bluff Country tourism association. We are within a few miles of: 3 state parks, many campgrounds, Mystery and Niagara Caves, golf courses, swimming pools, trout fishing, birding, bike and hiking trails, Amish tours, fascinating museums and historic sites; gift, craft and antique shops; great dining spots, canoeing, summer festivals that abound in the area; B & B's; special attractions & tours.

For brochures, maps & information, write: Historic Bluff Country, Box 609B, Harmony, MN 55939 Phone: (507)886-2230

Ingalls Reunion sponsored by:
Spring Valley Community Historical Society 221 West Courtland, Spring Valley, MN 55975
Museum hours: June, July, Aug: 9 to 5, Mon. thru. Sat.; Sun. PM. Open May, Sept & Oct. by appt. for groups. Adm.: $2 adults; $1 students.
We look forward to seeing you in July or any time you come.

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REUNIONS

INGALLS-DUNN-BECKMAN reunion will be held in Junction City, Oregon in 1990. The 1988 reunion was held the weekend of June 24 & 25th. For more details contact Roger/Pam Ingalls, Tacoma, WA 98945 or Jack/Mary Ingalls, Junction City, OR 974!8.

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INGALLS family reunion - descendants of James Lemuel Ingalls/Elizabeth Jane Nichols - met in 1989 July 2 at Colton, SD. No news on 1990 plans - contact family members on details.

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FRANK M. INGALLS family will meet the first Saturday in August at Silver Lake State Park near Mears, MI. Contact Frank/Frances Ingalls, Shelby MI for more details.

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INGALLS-LANE reunion meets the second Sunday in August -- met in 1989 at Avon, NY. This is the descendants of SIMEON and JERUSAH (ANDREWS) INGALLS. Contact area family members for details.

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Unadilla, New York - Ingalls family members met in 1988 at the Donald Ingallses home,  Unadilla, NY. Contact Diane Hughes, Binghamton, NY for details.

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JACOB INGALLS family meet at Norton Hill, New York. Contact Richard Dedie . . . for details.

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PLEASE submit your family reunion plans for future issues -- I am trying to compile a listing of reunions held around the country. People are making travel plans to attend some of the reunions and meet new kin.

Note the first page of this issue on the INGALLS-WILDER reunion at Spring Valley, Minnesota, July 1l-15, 1990. Mary Jo Dathe, secretary, of the Spring Valley Historical Society, has worked very diligently to get this reunion started and we wish her a great success. Anyone with ties to the Laura Ingalls Wilder family will be interested in this get-together. If you have any displays, pictures, stories, that would be of interest, contact Mary Jo Dathe (address on Page 330) and she will work out details.

LAURA INGALLS is a descendant of SAMUEL INGALLS and MARGARET DELANO. (see Burleigh #1576). Through her stories, her family has become part of our national folklore. We can all relate to this family as descendants of Edmund Ingalls and others who settled in this country.

The reunion in Spring Valley, Minnesota is your opportunity to meet your kin and share history!

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QUERIES

From Martha Hopkins West, Coeur d'Alene ID: Trying to find information on EUNICE INGALLS who married SOLOMON DRULLARD. They had a daughter, Eunice born 27 May 1841 in Albany New York.

Still looking for information on the wife of HENRY MORRIS BALL m 7 September 1875 EUNICE E. DRULLARD b 27 May 1841 in Albany NY, dau. of SOLOMON & EUNICE (INGALLS) DRULLARD of French and English descent. The children of this marriage: Fred Henry, Arthur Rea, Margaret Loraine b 29 March 1898.

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From Jeralyn Whetsell Lillard, Tampa. FL: Am seeking information on JOHN A. INGALLS b: ca 1802, Cherry Valley, Otsego Co NY. d: ca 1856 in Oneonta NY m: JANE VAN ALSTINE before 1830 also in Otsego Co. Believe John A. to be son of LUDDEN INGALLS. Children: Sarah E., Jerome B., Lewis, John C., George W., Olive L.

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From Dorothy A. Lorenti, Philadelphia, PA: Wanted: Descendants of WILLIAM JEGLES 1590-1659; CAPT. THOMAS INGALLS c 1621 - living 1686; ABIGAIL INGALLS b 21 July 1648, m 2 Dec 1668 ISAAC FOOTE, all from Salem MA.

Wanted: Data of Robert 1555, wife Eliz. A Edmund 1586 wife Ann.

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From Mrs. Melvin N. Ingalls, Titusville Florida: I would like to correspond with descendants of BENJAMIN FRANKLIN INGALLS b Surrey NH 1820, son of JAMES & MARGARET (BAXTER) INGALLS, brother of SIMON INGALLS. Last known place of residence--Port Huron, Michigan.

He is the only descendant of JAMES INGALLS (Burleigh 1652) whose family is carried to the next generation in Dr. Burleigh's book. We have long sought the date and place of death of SIMON INGALLS, brother of BENJAMIN FRANKLIN INGALLS, and hope that a descendant of his family might have that information in their family history.

From Mrs. Joanne Moulton, Alberta. Canada: Seek parents and siblings of MARY ANN INGLES/INGLES, h Dr. HARRIS JOHNSON in 1820 at Luzerne Co PA. She d 23 January 1884 at Harlem, Delaware Co OH. By Dr. H. JOHNSON she had 6 children: Caroline, Lyman, b 1821 d 11 June 1840 at Delaware Co OH; Mary Ann, Joseph b 14 October 1825 d 17 Dec 1903 at Jewell Co Kansas, m 7 February 1850 at Franklin Co OH to Elizabeth Ann Blankner; Denison b 19 October 1827 at Harlem, OH, m 1849 to Ellen Keeler; Harris or Harrison b 1 December 1829 at Harlem OH m 24 July 1853 to C. Marshall. After Dr. Harris Johnson died she married BENJAMIN MOSELY FAIRCHILD and she had three children with him. Sherman b 9 March 1821, Huldah b 22 October 1834 and Electa b 11 October 1841.

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OBITUARIES

Minnesota – 1990 – (B718-10)
6 February 1990
Ostrander

Jessie Turbenson, 90, Ostrander, dies

OSTRANDER - Jessie G. Turbenson, 90, of Ostrander, a retired teacher, died Tuesday evening at Spring Valley Community Hospital.

Born Jessie G. Henderson Sept. 22, 1899, in York Township, Fillmore County, she married Harlan Turbenson April 30, 1927, in Ostrander. Her husband died in 1964. Mrs. Turbenson taught in rural schools in the Racine-Stewartville area for many years before her retirement in 1966.

There are no immediate survivors. Two brothers and five sisters preceded her in death.

The funeral will be I1 a.m. Saturday at Trinity Lutheran Church in Ostrander with the Rev. Robert Boda officiating. Spring burial will be in Bloomfield Lutheran Cemetery near Ostrander.

Friends may call from 6 p.m. to 8 Pm. Friday at Hutchins Funeral Home in Le Roy and an hour before the service Saturday at the church

New York – 1989 – (B1576-12)
4 November 1989
WILLIAM A. INGALLS
SCIO - William A. Ingalls, 74, of Riverside Drive died Thursday (Nov. 2, 1989) in Jones Memorial Hospital, Wellsville, after a brief illness.

Born Jan. 26, 1915, in Scio, he was a son of Orin and Clara Withey Ingalls. On July 26, 1942, in Allentown, he married the former Hazel Brown, who survives.

A lifelong resident of the Scio area, Mr. Ingalls was a graduate of Allentown High School and Westbrook Academy in Olean. He was a former employee of Bradley Oil Producers and in 1978 retired from C-E Air Preheater in Wellsville.

Mr. Ingalls was a veteran of World War II, serving with the Army, and a former member of the Wellsville VFW Post. Surviving besides his wife are a son, Gary Ingalls of Wellsville; four grandchildren; a sister, Ruth Hyde of Allentown; and several nieces and nephews.

He was predeceased by a brother, Lyle Ingalls, in 1987.

Friends may call at the Mulholland-Crowell Funeral Home, Wellsville, today (Saturday, Nov. 4, 1989) from 2 to 4 and 7 to 8:30 p.m., at which time funeral and committal services will be held. The Rev. Stephen Yeaney of the Scio United Methodist Church will officiate. Burial will be in Knights Creek Cemetery, Scio.

Memorials may be made to the Wellsville Volunteer Ambulance Corps or to a charity of the donors choice.

South Dakota – 1989 (157?-11)
William Walker

The funeral service for William H. (Bill) Walker, 82, will be at 10 a.m., Monday, Nov. 27 at the F. O. Jolley Funeral Home in Sturgis with the Rev. Robert Yands officiating. Burial will be in Bear Butte Cemetery in Sturgis. Visitation will be from 1 to 9 p.m.. Saturday, and 1 to 8 p.m., Sunday at the funeral home.

Walker died Wednesday, Nov. 22, 1989, in Sturgis. A memorial has been established.

William H. Walker was born Sept. 23, 1907 in Sioux Falls to James H. and Rosa E. (Ingalls) Walker. As a child he moved with his family to a homestead near Wasta where he attended rural school.

He married Gladys Mae Seymour Mar. 15, 1947 at Timber Lake. They lived in the Faith and Dupree areas until moving to Sturgis in 1952. He worked at the Ft. Meade Medical Center  until retirement. They have lived in Sturgis since.

He was a member of the Sturgis Senior Citizens Center. The Walkers opened their home to numerous foster children.

 

He is survived by five sons; David Walker, Kelco, Wash; Clifton Walker, Sunnyside, Wash.; Melvin Seymour, Wheatland, Wyo., Warren Seymour, Pleasanton, Calif.; and Earl Seymour; Herdin, Mont.; four daughters: Martha Verd…; Shirley Schomer, Gillette,Wyo, Donna …, Whitewood; and Lisa Mason, Gillette, Wyo; 39 grand-children, 50 great grandchildren and nine great-great-grandchildren; one brother Glenn Walker of Sioux Falls; and two sisters, Lila Beeson, Platte, and Mary Branch, Seattle, Wash.
He was preceded in death by his wife in 1978, one sister, three brothers, one daughter, Ethel; four grandchildren and two great-grandchildren.
[e-editor: Smudges make this obituary very difficult to read and there may be errors. If anyone has the complete obituary, please send it.]

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Mark L. Smith (B718-10) son of John Burt Smith and Janet Elizabeth Ingalls, born 7 June 1903 Northville SD married Sarah R. Ardtson 11 June 1968. The following article was published in The Redfield Press January 1989. South Dakota celebrated their centennial year in 1989. Excellent article!

Smith recalls the early 1900s

Mark Smith will be a farmer until the day he dies.

Born on June 7, 1903, Smith is the only son of J.B. and Janet (Ingalls) Smith. In 1892, J.B. bought out a Spink County relinquishment from a man who failed to fulfill the terms of his homesteading claim. The land is 24 miles northwest of Redfield.

Mark grew up and still lives on the original home place. He attended a country school called Prairieville about a mile and a half from his home. As a youth, he occupied his time with school and chores. Farm boys didn't get to play much in them days, Smith said. He did find time to read and play carom.

Smith helped his parents with the livestock -- Holsteins, sheep, horses and chickens. His father raised 20 head of horses to work in the fields and to sell to neighbors. Smith remembers raising a colt which he rode to gather the cows and occasionally rode to school when the weather was bad.

In 1911, his father bought a Holstein bull from the Redfield State Hospital and School and built up his herd from there. The Smiths would feed the milk to the hogs and sell the cream and the butter. He remembers helping his mother sell butter.

"Mother use to sell butter to private customers. We drove a team of ponies, and she wouldn't trust me (age 10 years) to sit in the buggy with the ponies. I had to sell the butter. We would drive around to places who would have orders and I took the butter in and got the money." He explained that the ponies were frisky and that they might run away if his mother left him alone in the buggy.

The cream was shipped from Northville to Minneapolis St. Paul or Bristol. They also sold the eggs in Northville and bought their groceries with the egg money.

On Dec. 26, 1918, Smith came down with the German Flu, which grew to fatally epidemic proportions. "At Christmas time, I came down with it the 26th. The teacher was staying here too, and she had it too. She had the flu and so did I and then my mother had it. We were sick a long time," Smith said.

At the same time, the United States was involved in World War I. Smith remembers having to "hooverize," a term given to rationing by U.S. Food Administrator Herbert Hoover.

"If you bought a sack of flour, you had to buy that much substitute (a mixture of barley, rye flour and cornmeal).

Grain prices increased toward the end of the war. In 1918, his father took advantage of this increase by purchasing a Model-T Ford for $613 about the price of 200 bushels of wheat at $3 per bushel.

"My dad didn't care too much about driving it and I (age 15 years) had to be the chauffeur. At that time they didn't have driver's tests or licenses. I had to be accompanied by a parent. I thought it was kind of fun," Smith said.

Smith also attended South Dakota State College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts in Brookings. He attended an agricultural short course in the winters of 1920 through 1924. The short course ran from Nov. 1 to March 20 each year.

During the 1920s and 1930s, prices and crops declined. "After 1932, it really hit bottom that year. We had a good crop, but it was only worth 46 cents. And by Christmas, it had dropped down to 25 cents a bushel," Smith said. In 1933, Smith produced no crop due to the hot dry weather that summer.

The 1930s also brought dust storms and grasshoppers. "That fall, the 12th of Nov. (1933), there came a terrible wind from the northwest and there wasn’t too much vegetation. It got the dust a blowing and it blew the dust so bad you couldn't see the house from the barn. It drifted in the house. My mother's cousin lives in Athol and he cleaned up after that storm in his house. He said he had a half bushel of dirt," Smith said.

Smith remembers on June 23, 1936, looking up at the sun and seeing swarms of grasshoppers. He said that by the next day the entire wheat crop was ruined.

After 1943, crops and prices improved to where the farmers were getting close to parity, said Smith. But after 1950, prices dropped. "They were still operating in a big way, but they weren't making the profit they were in the'40s," he said.

Smith's parents died in the early 1940s and he continued to farm the home place. On June 12, 1968, Smith ended 65 years of being single when he married Sarah Roberta Montgomery Ardtson.

About 10 years ago, Smith stopped grain farming. He now rents out the land to one of his neighbors. In 1986 because of a lengthy illness, he sold off most of his livestock. He still has a herd of sheep, some chickens and one Holstein cow. He looks after 240 acres of pasture land.

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From Darwin, Australia we receive correspondence from Marjorie (Metz) Mabry B1388-12. I would like to share some of her letter with you:

"..It was exciting to read that there is an annual Ingalls reunion at Norton Hill NY which is the place that my Ingalls ancestors came from. When we return to the U.S. in 1992, would love to attend that reunion. It was also interesting (for) me to see that so many of the Ingalls family have long and active lives; my grandmother, Martinette (Webb) Priddy, whose mother was Melissa Ingalls, lived to be 93 years old.

"I have been interested in family history ever since I was a child and used to listen to the stories my grandfather and grandmother used to tell about life on the prairie. I used to say, "Tell me a story about the olden days". How I wish I had a tape recording of those stories now. In 7th grade I wrote a term paper entitled "My Life Story" which included a pedigree chart with as many of my ancestors recorded on it as I could find. I wrote to relatives on both sides of the family to gather information. I have been actively doing genealogical research since 1982, in my spare time. We have been living in Australia for 3 of those years and not much can be done over here. In 1983 my husband and I took a trip through Iowa and Illinois, following the trail the covered wagons traveled as the Ingalls family headed west across the prairie. I have a picture of me standing beside an Ingalls tombstone in Fairfield, Iowa and a most interesting tombstone of Darius Ingalls in Jacksonville, Illinois. It is very tall and has a bronze star on it telling that he fought in the War of 1812. How exciting it was to find it!

"My husband and I are members of the Wycliffe Bible Translators, whose goal is to translate the Bible for people who have never had it in their language. For 16 years we served in Papua New Guinea, where he was a pilot and I taught science and mathematics in the high school for missionary teen-agers. We came to Australia in 1984 where my husband has been a pilot and manager of the printshop and I am serving as a career counselor, helping people find the role in life for which they are best suited. Much of my work is done with adults in transition.

"Our daughter is the youngest in the family and just married last New Year's Eve (1988) All of our children are married; two of our sons are airline pilots; one is a geophysicist with an oil company; and one is an engineer. They are scattered all over the country from Alaska to North Caroline. We have five grandchildren ranging in age from 1-5. We miss being able to be with them and look forward to returning to our home in North Carolina in 1992."

Marjorie Mabry, Darwin NT 0828, Australia.

Thank you for allowing us to share your interesting family history!

JOHN and MARGE MABRY (photo omitted)
Sharing GOD'S WORD through the Australian Aborigines and Islanders Branch
DARWIN Northern Territory

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"Little Drummer Boy From Maine"

On March 28, 1864 young Frank Herbert Ingalls -9 son of B3249-8, Charles Nelson and Mary Jane (Hanscom) Ingalls enlisted as a private in Co. K 37th Reg't Wisconsin Infantry Volunteers at Eau Claire, Wisconsin. At that time he was but a little over 15 years of age. Because of his obvious youth (official records state he was 18), he was made "Drummer Boy". At the time he was described as being 5'7", dark-hair, dark complexion, black eyed. The 37th Regiment arrived in Washington, D.C. on May 1, 1864; thence by steamer to White House, VA., where they joined the 9th Army Corp by order of General Burnside. Entering action at Cold Harbor on June 12, the Regiment was then ordered onto a forced march across the James River on the 15th and into an infantry assault on the 17th against the trenches of the Confederacy at Petersburg. Repulsed with heavy losses the 37th attacked again on the 18th and secured the first line of works which they fortified. They lost 152 men in this first engagement. July 30th brought the famed 'Battle of the Crater' at Petersburg. It was a turning point for the little "Drummer Boy" from Maine. As the Union forces rolled through the breach, created by a massive mining operation, 'The Drummer Boy' sounding the charge, vanished in a sea of Confederate uniforms. Out of 250 men of the 37th, only 90 stood assembly that night, the attack having failed through bungling by top brass. Frank the 'Drummer Boy' was taken prisoner and was sent to two successive prisons, Libby and Andersonville, where he suffered great malnutrition. He became known at the prison as the 'living skeleton'. Both then and later after the war he was still known however to exhibit his skill as a drummer.

Paroled on October 17,1864 he returned to his regiment for the campaign around Appomattox. After Lee's surrender the regiment served in various capacities, participating in the Grand Review of the Army of the Potomac on May 23, 1865. They were mustered out on July 26th and returned to Madison, Wisconsin, where they were disbanded. During the "Battle of the Crater' young Frank was hit on the left side of his head. This left a bad scar which he partially concealed with a lock of hair. Later he developed severe headaches and had his skull trephined, which gave some relief. He then married Agnes Emeline Willey on July 30, 1871 in Minneapolis where he developed a dairy and poultry farm near the famed Minnehaha Creek of Hiawatha tradition. He died in an old soldiers home in Minneapolis in 1916.

Thanks to Malton Smith, W. Lafayette, IN for this interesting story!

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THE NEW-FANGLED MARRIAGE LAW - Fact or Fiction –

(Extracted from the Gladwin County Record (Michigan) 2 September 1887, copied by the Saginaw Co. Gen. Society, and sent on to me by Mrs. Louise Ingalls, Titusville, FL)

After September 27, 1887, getting married will be rather serious business in Michigan, as the license law then takes effect. The Bay City Press says that the men will be expected to subscribe to an affidavit stating his age, color, size of his head, depth of his pocket, residence, habits as to staying out late at night, how much he owes for board and washing, how many wives he has alive, how much he spends for beer and cigars, what his income or salary is and whether he expects to live after his marriage with his father-in-law. The affidavit must also set forth the exact age of his intended bride, the color of her hair, if she has any, the size of her feet, birthplace, residence, occupation, parents' names, how many times she has been married, how many husbands she has alive, what she expects from her father, and whether she expects her mother to live with her after marriage. These affidavits are to be filed with the county clerk, before he can grant a license to marry. We haven't seen the form of the affidavit supplied to the county clerk, but in the above description have tried to cover all important points of interest to the public in regard to the marriage of two persons.

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(Continued from last issue) INGALLS FAMILY HISTORY AND EARLY MEMOIRS OF KEITH IRVING INGALLS - 1906-1930

Chapter 7 - Eating Habits

When anyone had a contagious disease, the house was quarantined for the duration. Afterwards the doctor fumigated the house and the occupants spent the night elsewhere. Tuberculosis was a big killer, along with diphtheria, pneumonia, measles and small pox.

One winter my Dad, suffering from rheumatism, went by train to Hot Springs, Arkansas, where he took the mineral bath treatments for 3 to 4 weeks. He returned feeling much better, and how he talked about the Southern climate, . . . and the food, and baths and everything.

Chapter 8 - School Days

Our school was a 4-room two story structure with two out-houses behind it. Each room had a large coal-burning space heater. There were no lights and no water. It was run by a lady principal plus three other lady instructors. The principal taught the eighth grade plus all high school subjects. My folks did not put me in school until I was seven years old. But one-half year later, children could start at the age of five under certain conditions, and my sister, two years younger, entered the first grade only one semester behind me. Both of us got good grades and we jumped a half a grade or so. Then maybe we would move and get set back a notch for a while.

Some of our school mates came in from the country. A horse-drawn bus gathered them up and brought them to and fro each day. I am not sure, but I believe that all students had to buy their own books and all other supplies.

Chapter 9 - The Summer with Uncle Will

When I was nine years old I was invited by my Uncle Will to spend the summer at his farm and be a hired man, so he said. At that time he had three sons, all much younger than I. He had a Model T Ford touring car and raised wheat, cattle and horses. His farm lay along the Canadian Line just like ours. The farm house overlooked Boundary Lake through which ran the International Boundary. I had a wonderful time making hay, milking cows and many other things.

One evening I was sent on horseback to pick up the mail at a branch post office about 4 1/2 miles way. His farm was too remote to have R.F.D. My uncle tied a short length of rope on the pommel to give me leverage in opening and closing the several tight barb-wire gates along the way. After opening each gate I had to lead the horse through and close it and maneuver old Buck alongside the fence so I could mount him and be off to the next gate. I got the mail and started back as it quickly got dark and the coyotes were howling around me, probably miles away but they seemed close. I forgot to tie the horse while closing one gate and he plodded away into the darkness while I was wrestling with the gate. I then ran and caught up with him but had to lead him to the next gate, being too small to mount without the help of a fence or something to get me high enough. No doubt Buck knew the way home better than I did. Anyway, I was one lonely little boy when finally I spied the lights of Uncle Will's farmhouse across a bay of the lake and made my way there with the mail.

An unusual condition that summer was the great abundance of mud turtles near the lake. They would disintegrate with a sickening crunch whenever run over by a wagon or hay mower. Also abundant were cotton tail rabbits in the woods everywhere. My uncle told me later that they all disappeared by the following summer. Perhaps a disease or an especially hard winter had wiped them out.

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Ducks of many kinds were plentiful on the lake, which was slowly receding. Years later, in 1955, I visited the area and found that it had practically dried up and much of the bottom was in pasture. On the other hand, Willow Lake, a few miles away, was now higher than it had ever been.

Chapter 10 - The Coming of Electricity

My earliest recollections included wick-burning kerosene lamps and lanterns for lighting our house. In the winter I would carry a lantern after supper when I went to the neighbor's house for milk. Later we had an Aladdin mantle kerosene lamp in the house. It was much brighter than the wick type lamps.

My pals and I knew a little about electricity as large dry cells were available. I even rigged up a cellar light with one, using a couple of thin strips of tin as a switch. Some of the older boys had toy electric motors powered by dry cells. In the hardware store was a large lightning rod demonstrator. A crank was used to spin a generator, creating a spark which jumped across electrodes. Sometimes a few of us boys, holding hands, would be given quite a strong electric jolt by this machine.

Electrical storms sometimes caused considerable damage. Once my father took me to a large barn, the front gable of which had been hit, splitting the barn clear to the ground, where a man had been standing. He had been killed instantly. His body was lying on some boards held up by a couple of saw-horses, awaiting the undertaker.

About 1916 a large horizontal, stationary gasoline engine was installed in a newly-constructed power house in the town. It ran a belt driven dynamo. All the stores and most of the homes were then wired for electricity and the plant began operating that fall from dusk until 10:00 p.m. and until midnight on Saturday. Also we now had street lights in town. Since electricity was used for lighting only, it was not needed during the long summer days. But soon electrical appliances began to arrive. Hair curlers came first, followed by electric irons and toasters. However, by that time we had moved away.

Chapter 11 - The Train Trip

Neither of my folks had visited South Dakota since they were married, so Mother took us three children by train back to Athol, South Dakota in the summer of 1916. There we spent five or six weeks visiting various relatives on both sides of the family. Generally I worked and played with my cousins and had a glorious time. I bought boy's overalls for 90 cents each so I could look like my farmer cousins. Years later I tried to count all my cousins and I arrived at a total of 65, about half of whom I never have met to this day. Many of them on my mother's side are in Canada.

1916 was the year when we had trouble with Mexico and soldiers were drilling on county fair grounds where we were visiting. Also World War I was raging in Europe and we were soon to be involved.

Chapter 12 - First Flu Epidemic

The winter of 1917-1918 was the time of the first influenza epidemic. It was called the Spanish influenza and it struck without warning all over the country. Of course people had been having sore throats and fever before, and Mother sometimes gave us a spoonful of kerosene to swallow for croup. But this flu was much more serious and no one was familiar with it. Anyway, none of our family caught it but lots of people had a very high fever and many died. Everyone was supposed to wear gauze masks and school was cancelled for about three weeks, to the great rejoicing of the students.

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Chapter 13 - Montana

My Mother's sister Laura lived in Geraldine, Montana, a town of about 800 people and growing fast. Her Uncle Will Leet and her husband Arthur Bergeson were partners operating a general store and hardware/implement establishment. They needed a man immediately to run the hardware and implement section and they offered Dad the job at $125 per month. He was getting $75 in North Dakota. We were all eager to go and Dad's doctor had been recommending a change of climate. Doctors were always doing this. So Dad left early in May on the train for Geraldine. Mother was to sell the furniture and rest of us were to follow him as soon as school was out early in June, 1918.

On the way, Dad stopped at Great Falls, Montana overnight. At a barber shop there he heard people talking about the sudden death of Will Leet, the prominent businessman and county commissioner at Geraldine. So Dad never did meet Uncle Will Leet but was enthusiastic about the town and the job. He found us a place to live which was a converted school house. We camped there for a couple of months before renting a modern furnished house before winter set in.

This part of Montana was east of the Rockies near Fort Benton, and was Charlie Russell country, though I did not know of him then. It was higher and dryer than in North Dakota and was cattle country but wheat farmers were trying to convert it to their use.

They had been quite successful because of higher than average rainfall, but now the weather was becoming dryer again. The grain harvest in 1917 was not good and it got much worse into the twenties. The uplands of that area remained cattle and sheep country. The largest ranch there was called the Big Sag, owned by British capital, as were many other ranches in Montana and Wyoming.

That winter, 1918-19, the flu epidemic struck again. But the doctors knew more about it this time and it seemed that there were fever deaths. Some of us caught light cases and all pulled through.

There were prairie dog towns in the hills near town and we boys would watch them and shoot at them occasionally. The weather in winter seemed much warmer than we were used to and there was much less snow. However, I had fun with a toboggan I got for Christmas. We were experts in sliding down hill at full speed and going under barb wire fences without hitting the posts. I never told my parents about that.

We were now in a modern school with electric lights, indoor toilets, and running water. Also the teachers were good and we made out fine.

But there were drawbacks. Dad's health got much worse, and a local doctor said it was the higher altitude and that he should move to sea-level and fast. It seemed that his heart was acting up. Although the store was very busy, it developed that poor wheat crops were causing a big drop in profits and that the store was practically bankrupt as the farmers could not pay their bills.

So Dad felt that we should move to the West Coast, and Eugene, Oregon was recommended by a couple of acquaintances in Geraldine. Also, it was a college town and our parents wanted all of us to get a good education.

We all took the train together in June of 1919 for Eugene with our clothes and bedding and a little furniture and dishes, etc, but feeling a little sad at leaving Mother's relatives and the very friendly Montana people. The highlights of Montana were playing with my cousin, age 9, and joining the Boy Scouts there at the age of 12. Also we enjoyed many picnics in the Highwood Mts. with the Bergeson family and Uncle Will's widow, whose name was also Laura.

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Chapter 14 - Oregon

On the train trip to Oregon Dad wanted us to see the country along the way, which meant no traveling by night. I suppose another reason was that meals and lodging at hotels were cheaper than berths and meals on board the train. So the first night was spent at Harlowton, Montana, then at Avery, Idaho, then Spokane, Washington and finally Portland, Oregon. We enjoyed the scenery over the Rockies and along the Columbia River, with its fish wheels for scooping up salmon along the banks. Later these were declared illegal and were removed.

On arrival at Eugene, we rented a furnished apartment for three months while we were getting our feet on the ground. Dad could not find a job as a hardware clerk. He bought an old house near the apartment for $1900, which he cleaned and painted and repaired.

This took about all the money that Dad had. We moved in before school started. The house was on a large lot with several fruit trees such as apples, cherries, plums, prunes, plus a wood shed and a garden area. It had a flush toilet and a cold water sink but no bath tub. Some newer houses in the area had domestic hot water and tubs.

We were in the upper end of the Willamette Valley and it was totally different from North Dakota or Montana. We liked it very much. Here was plenty of moisture, fruit trees, and tremendous forests of shaggy Douglas fir trees. Eugene was an important lumber town of about 12,000 population. Everybody burned wood for cooking and heating. During the summer the saw mills delivered mill wood by the cord in 4-foot lengths for $3.50 per cord and you didn't have to pay for it until September. It dried all summer long. Then it was cut into 16-inch lengths and piled up in wood sheds or basements so it would keep dry during the vet winters. My chores included splitting wood and keeping the wood box filled on the back porch.

Dad's health improved rapidly. He worked as a dairy plant manager, watchman, janitor, fruit picker, maintenance mechanic and perhaps other types of work, but he never did get back in the hardware trade. Mother put a "Dressmaking" sign in the window and it helped a lot. I Joined the Boy Scouts again but soon dropped out and joined the Y.M.C.A. Instead. They had a gym, pool table, and swimming pool, plus a lot of activities and the membership fee was practically nil. I was soon earning money at odd Jobs such as mowing lawns, piling wood, spading gardens, etc. Also I was a teenager, having reached my 13th birthday. In the fall I entered the 7th grade. Like Montana, the Oregon schools were divided into two semesters. In October I was promoted to grade 7A from 7B.

Three or four other boys and myself earned spending money for several days after school each month by delivering the monthly bills of the Eugene Water and Electric Board. We put them into mail boxes of each house at the rate of 40 cents per hour. This saved the Board a lot of money even though the postal rate was then 2 cents.

Chapter 15 - The Camp

The Y.M.C.A. announced the next spring (1920) that they would operate a two week camp for boys that summer at Siltcoos Lake. So I signed up and started preparations. I had never been to a boys' camp and I didn't know what to expect. Also, this was the first one for the "Y" so they did not know much about camps either.

Anyway we 40 odd boys left one June morning by train for Siltcoos Lake in the Coos Bay country, 60 miles away. Each of us had a large apple-sized box of groceries and warm clothes plus two blankets. The food was supposed to last for two weeks. At the east end of the lake we left the train and got on a big lake cruiser, which took us to the vest end where the "Y" had rented a large house for camp headquarters, surrounded by woods. When we got there it was raining and we were hungry. Our leader Mr. Britton, the physical education instructor at the "Y" had each of us donate something in the way of a potato, can of beans, etc, which made a large stew for all of us. Then we bedded down in the house or porch for the night.

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The next morning it was clear. We were organized into squads of eight boys each and elected our various squad leaders from the older boys. From then on we did our own cooking in groups of two to four over camp fires in the woods. Of course we swam and fished and played ball, got sunburned and made daily trips to a country store at Westlake, about a mile away -- those that had any money. Those that didn't and needed food could always pick berries or fish.

Each evening we had a large camp fire on the shore of the lake. We sang and put on skits by squads, held kangaroo court, and other entertainment. The high light of our camp was a hike to the ocean which was on the other side of a sand belt along the coast about 2 1/2 miles wide and very much like pictures we had seen of the Sahara desert. We saw mirages and eventually got to the storm tide line of driftwood and shipwreck debris, beyond which was the rolling surf of the mighty Pacific Ocean. It was cold, wild and wonderful. Also it was one of my biggest thrills. Most of us had never seen the ocean before. We swam, but it was very cold water, and we built large fires beyond the driftwood to warm ourselves and eat our lunch. Then we hiked up the beach to the town of Glenada, then back to camp along the road which is now Highway 101.

When camp was over and we arrived back in Eugene, we marched in single file down the middle of the main street from the S.P. depot to the Y.M.C.A., five blocks, led by our fearless leader. We felt like conquering heroes returning from parts unknown while the bystanders stared aghast at our sunburned faces and dirty clothes.

The following summer of 1921 found the "Y" better organized with a camp located at Lost Creek Ranch in the upper McKenzie River area about 65 miles east of town in the Cascade Mountains. This time they had a cook and mess hall and we slept in tents. There were two camp groups of two weeks each. Most of my friends were in the first group and tried to be there also. But I caught small-pox and thereby was in group 2. We were driven to camp by volunteer fathers. The Dodge car I was in had seven flat tires along the way.

We listened in awe as the boys about to return home talked about the "pass", "canyon", "summit", and "glaciers", which were words we had never heard of before. Our camp included a 4-day hike which took us past mountain lakes and to the summit of the Middle Sister, which was over 10,000 feet high, and which the first group had been on, but had failed to reach the top. This was my first climb.

Chapter 16 - Life in Oregon

During the summer of 1919 or 1920 the Chautauqua came to town and we bought season tickets. A large tent was put up, with benches inside, and a stage. Each afternoon and evening for two weeks various entertainment was put on by traveling performers. I remember that I listened to speeches by Billy Sunday (famous revivalist) and William Jennings Bryant (politician) plus lectures, concerts, magic shows and glee clubs, etc. It was always well attended and was much talked about. It operated all over the country every summer.

After returning from camp, I worked mostly at the local cannery for 40 cents per hour until school started each fall. I had finished the 8th grade in January 1921 and already completed the first half of my Freshman year at Eugene High School, where I was taking a College Prep course.

At that time, high school procedure was to take 4 subjects plus physical ed. One year of a subject was one unit of credit and it took 16 units to graduate. Upon graduation you were automatically eligible to enroll at any college in the state. Boys could take the P.E. at the "Y" instead of at school, and many of us did. It was better because you had more time to study at school. Also the "Y" had a swimming pool and much better equipment and showers. I had seldom taken a bath at home since joining the "Y" in 1919. our high school had about 600 students and we rated high in athletics. Our arch rival was Salem High 35 miles away.

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My scholastic record was almost straight A's. Athletically I wasn't so good. I tried out for the football team but was so small that none of the uniforms fit me. However, I was on the wrestling team, but we never were able to arrange a match with another school. I belonged to the History Club and we collected some pioneer history of the area for the local library. All the students met for an assembly period once a week. we had all sorts of programs and most of them were very good. I thought that assembly was one of the most important parts of the curriculum.

The following summer (1922) found me working at the cannery, though you never knew from one day to the next if you were needed or not. Brit, our camp leader, had resigned his Job at the "Y" and had leased a mountain resort for the summer, and he offered me a Job for a dollar a day plus room and board. I was glad to get the work and was at McCredie Hot Springs, near Oakridge, Oregon, for the balance of the summer. I milked a cow, operated a swimming pool plus all sorts of other work along with two other boys. It was good experience.

During the summer of 1923 I worked as a dish washer at a local restaurant. Our next door neighbor was the chef and he got me the job. Working with restaurant people was a new experience. One cook I worked with was born in Armenia and had later been a slave in Sudan. Then he killed a guard and escaped and roamed Northern Africa as a professional wrestler before coming to America. I guess I liked him because he was a wrestler like me. One day he got mad at a waitress, stomped on his apron, and left without his pay. we never saw him again. My shift was from 4:00 p.m. to midnight, when the cafe closed. Things were quiet after 8:00 p.m. except for the theatre-goers who came in about 11:00 p.m. and interrupted our cleaning up program. The place had to be clean when we left.

 One evening a young man came in and started to play a piano which was in the dining room. He was good and his Spanish music filled the dining room with customers in no time. Afterwards the boss gave him a free meal and invited him to come back with pay, which he did the following evening. But he was a drifter and he then disappeared.

Another evening a steady customer complained that he saw a cockroach in his salad. The boss knew that the kitchen was full of them, and we got the word to clean up the bugs, which we proceeded to do. A couple of days afterward four well-dressed business men were eating a late supper when one of them got up and started for the kitchen, demanding in a loud voice to see the cook, with the embarrassed waitress and boss at his heels. He then entered the kitchen, shook the cook's hand, telling him that he had Just eaten the best-cooked steak of his career. We were all relieved then, as we were expecting another cockroach episode. I have wondered afterward who the stranger was. Perhaps he was an actor, or did it for kicks, as I don't think our steaks were all that good.

A week before school started, another boy and I went on a 7-day hiking trip in the area where I had worked the year before. Among other places, we visited Salt Creek Falls, then 12 miles from the nearest road.

Then back to school again. The following summer (1924) I washed dishes again. One of the things I did with my earnings was to buy a Kuppenheimer or Hart Schafner & Marx suit each fall. They cost about $40 and were for school and church social events. Next fall before school I joined the "Y" physical instructor and a friend of his on a 10-day deer hunting trip in the Umpqua High Country. The instructor got two bucks, but the rest were not lucky. However we had fine weather, plus a pack-horse to do the hard work.

Chapter 17 - College Years

Before graduating from High School in January of 1925, I had decided to take a college course in Business Administration at the University of Oregon at Eugene. Our folks had long wanted us children to go to college and that was one reason they had settled in Eugene. I could have entered college in March, as it was on a three-term system, but our high school principal advised all of us January graduates to enter in the fall. So I went to work for a printer. Mostly I distributed hand bills and the Shopping News until fall. I was saving as much money as possible for clothes, tuition, books and

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I then entered the University in September of 1925. There was no need to apply beforehand, although I believe that the high schools had taken surveys and advised the various state colleges accordingly. During registration week we enrolled and paid our tuition fee of about $18 for the first term and bought the required books and supplies. We also were given a general intelligence test and an English Test. Those who flunked English were required to take a course called "Bonehead English" without credit. Luckily I passed and my I.Q. was high enough to put me in the highest 1/4 of the class, but we were never told what our scores were.

The most strenuous test given us was a physical endurance test consisting of gymnastic feats, swimming several lengths in the pool, 440-yard sprint, and a few other things like rope climbing. I could hardly climb out of the pool when it was all over, but I was good enough so that I did not have to take corrective training. Unlike present college requirements, all freshmen and sophomores had to take P.E. twice a week.

I could elect to take what I wanted, so I took swimming, handball, tumbling, wrestling and boxing. Every student, as a part of his tuition for all four years, was furnished a gym suit, sweat shirt and a towel. We bought our own gym shoes. I used the gym and shower room all four years. The shower room was especially appreciated as we had no bath or shower at home. I didn't try to join a fraternity, feeling that I did not have the necessary money. But the way, most of the frats had no showers. They were expected to use the college gym for that.

During the first college year, I was lucky enough not to have to work, thanks to my previous summer's work. Of course my folks gave me board and room, but no money. When the year was over, I was relieved to have earned good grades in all subjects except English Literature, one of my electives, which I just barely passed. My sister Joy finished her year in good shape.

In that year, all term grades were published in a newspaper type report, and mailed to everybody. Everybody got to see his own grades and everybody else's. It was appropriately called the "scandal sheet". Some of our friend's grades were really terrible and many flunked out of school or were put on probation. The undergraduate student body numbered about 1800 students, and the graduate students were a mere handful. That summer I got a job on the construction crew building MacArthur Court, a new college basketball pavilion. Our family had no car, so I used part of my earnings to buy a second hand Model T Ford (1922) for $150. Dad and I enlarged the woodshed to make room for the car. In order to keep my job, I had to join the Hod Carrier's Union. This was not new to me as I had joined another Union two years before to keep my dish washer job, which had paid $2.50 per day. I am not positive about it, but I believe our pay on the construction crew was 50 cents an hour. We college students on the crew attended the Union meetings. At each meeting, one of us would call for a treasurer's report. Then we made a motion to spend it on ice cream and cookies. The motion always passed because we students were in the majority, and we had an ice cream orgy after each meeting, much to the disgust of the older regular members. In that way we got back our union dues. None of us students liked the union or its methods.

After completing my sophomore year in 1927, I sold my car for $50. It needed an overhaul and I needed the money to get to California where I had a summer's job. I had been doing odd jobs during my second college year around the campus thru the University employment office at 35 or 40 cents per hour. The California job had been offered me by a friend of my Dad--a carpenter turned oil field construction foreman. This man had lived in Dunseith and had been forced out because of the drought like so many others. He had worked in Eugene for a couple of years, and we had done him a few favors there. Anyway, now he and his wife and child lived in Los Angeles and were earning lots of money. His wife worked in the Goodyear Tire factory and Cossie was foreman of a crew installing floating roofs in 55000-barrel crude oil storage tanks in the Maricopa, California area The pay was good--$5 per day plus board and room. We would work eight or ten days nonstop, then go to Los Angeles for a couple of day's rest before doing it all over again.

I returned to Eugene in the fall with a dark California tan and promptly bought a 1923 Ford roadster for $50. Dad and I fixed it up and it served me well for four more years, when I sold it in Bend, Oregon for $35.

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I had, of course, been taking R.O.T.C. training at college during my two years of college because it was required of all men students. I enrolled now in the Advanced course as I liked the program and I was already on the R.O.T.C. rifle team. Also, advanced training brought in enough money to almost pay my tuition. After completing my Junior year, we advanced students were sent to Vancouver (Washington) Barracks for six-weeks summer military training, where we received a Private's pay of $21 per month, plus lots of good food and excellent training.

After returning home, I was lucky enough to get a job for the balance of the summer working with a Government surveyor working out of Washington, D.C. We surveyed prospective dam sites in the Cascade Mountains. The work was strenuous and very interesting. We had a Graham Bros pick-up truck to carry our food, bedding and instruments. We slept on the hard ground, as air mattresses and sleeping bags hadn't been invented yet.

That fall (1928) I was a senior, and graduated in June of 1929 with a degree of B.A. and a reserve commission of Second Lieutenant in the U.S. Army. My B.A. of course was in Business Administration. The Great Depression was just starting, and we graduating seniors were having a tough time getting placed. We never heard of such a thing as recruiters coming on campus to offer jobs. I worked at the Eugene Cannery most of the summer as a cannery hand. Then in the early fall I worked for the Forest Service for two weeks putting out forest fires in the Coast Range. It had been a dry summer and the entire Coast Range was on fire.

Then I went to Portland, Oregon, where I secured a job as Junior Accountant in the office of the Clyde Equipment Company at $100 a month. They were suppliers of heavy equipment to loggers and contractors.

We closed the books at the end of the year 1929 showing a large loss. The Depression was really rolling, and firm laid off several employees immediately, including me.

A few days before this, I had spent the evening at the public library and read an interesting article about weather forecasting. On the way home it seemed to me that snow was possible. My North Dakota know-how told me so, plus the article I had read. So I announced at the boarding house that it would snow that night, and I went out again and put my car in a public garage. Going back home, I could see a few flakes drifting down and it was getting unusually gold. The next morning there was a foot of snow on the ground and more coming fast. Portland almost never had snow.

The weather broke all records. There was snow on the ground for a month and the Columbia River froze over between Portland and Vancouver. Cars were driven across on the ice. I gained a lot of respect at the boarding house after that.

About six weeks later I got an accounting job with the Shell Oil Company at $115 per month at the Myrtle Point, Oregon bulk plant. That was the beginning of my career with the Company lasting for 41 years.

So endeth the story of my early life.

****

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From Dennis R. Davis, Picture (omitted) of BESSIE & BLANCHE INGALLS (TWINS) ca 1905. Blanche Ingalls is on the right. She was my grandmother. Blanche m Arthur L. Davis. (Dennis Davis, Robert Arden Davis Sr, Arthur L. Davis (Blanch Ingalls), dau of James William Ingalls, son of John Ingalls, son of Daniel Ingalls and Nancy Heath.)

****

Reprint for Sale:

The Ingalls Genealogy in America by Charles Burleigh, published in 1903, reprinted by Linda Ingalls Wright. Cost of reprint is $15 first copy, $10 for each additional copy, plus $1 postage for each book ordered. Order from: Linda Wright . . .

You will want a copy of this book in your library. The Ingalls supplement which is currently underway carries the Burleigh number system, with a generation number added, for those who are not in the original book.

Note: We are including information on persons not placed -- perhaps one is not certain of their ancestors lineage -- this may help to provide documentation on the line. Linda and I are interested in receiving any information so we can share it with you.

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PLACE NAMES

		Zip Code
San Francisco CA	Ingalls St.	95111
San Jose CA	Ingalls Ct.
Santa Cruz CA	Ingalls St.	95060
San Diego CA	Ingalls St.	92103
Sacramento CA	Ingalls Way	95831
Denver CO	Ingalls Ct.	80214
	Ingalls Ct. & Way S.	80227
	Ingalls St.	80226-80214
	Ingalls St. S.	80227, 7, 80235
Arvada CO	Ingalls Circle	80003
	Ingalls Ct.	80003
	Ingalls St.	80002
Littleton CO	Ingalls Ct.
	Ingalls St.
	Ingalls Way S.	80123
Norwalk CT	Ingalls Ave.	06854
Stamford CT	Ingalls St.	06902
Joliet ILL	Ingalls Ave.	60435
Pensacola FL	Ingalls Dr.	32506
Lawrence MA	Ingalls Ct.	01844
	Ingalls St.	01845
Lynn MA	Ingalls St.	01902
	Ingalls Terr.	01907
Worchester MA	Ingalls St.	01604
Ann Arbor MI	Ingalls St. N.	48104
	Ingalls St. S.	48109
St. Joseph MO	Ingalls St.	64505
Abie NE	Ingalls St. S.	68803
Manchester NH	Ingalls St.	03102
Nashua NH	Ingalls St.	03060
Troy NY	Ingalls Ave.	12180
Cincinnati OH	Ingalls St.	45204
Akron OH	Ingalls Rd.	44312
Eugene OR	Ingalls Way	97405
Warwick RI	Ingalls Ave.	02886
Alexandra VA	Ingalls Ave.	22302
Hampton VA	Ingalls Rd.	23651
Vancouver VA	Ingalls St.	98660

 MAINE NATIVES WHO MIGRATED TO PEORIA COUNTY, ILLINOIS
1890 PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL ALBUM OF PEORIA COUNTY, ILLINOIS.

BAILEY, Frank W., son of Melvin H. Bailey, born 28 Dec. 1827, Augusta, Maine; his mother, Violet Ingalls, was a descendant of Peregrine White, who came on the Mayflower.

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YOUR FAMILY TREE

WHERE DO YOU BEGIN? Begin with yourself. Always proceed from the present to the past. Record your name, place and date of birth, marriage and residence. Now search out and record the same information about your parents, then your grandparents, and so on through as many generations as possible.

Start gathering your information by interviewing older living members of your family. Genealogical publications can be helpful. You may find someone else doing research on the same family or in the same area as yours. The library will have some of the following sources: family genealogies, municipal and county histories, census records, directories, biographies and military records.

OTHER PLACES TO LOOK: Vital records--birth certificates, marriage records, death certificates. Probate records--wills, letters of administration, executor and administrator bonds, inventories and appraisals, adoption proceedings, change of names, secret marriages. Land records--deeds, mortgages, leases, recorded wills, power of attorney, maps and plats. Civil records--partition of property, divorces, foreclosures. Miscellaneous records-voter registration, tax and assessment rolls, naturalization records. Federal records-censuses, military records, passenger lists, passport records, immigration records, homestead applications, pension applications. Church records--membership rolls, baptisms, marriages, burial and cemetery records. School and college records--rosters and rolls. Family records--family bible, old family documents, diaries, letters, signed photographs, engraved jewelry, newspaper clippings, wills, lodge records, insurance papers, social security papers, employment records.

GENEALOGY SUBJECT HEADINGS--SOME PLACES  TO LOOK FOR INFORMATION IN THE CARD CATALOG:

Adoption Records	Freemen	Passenger Lists
Apprentices	Gazeteers	Peace Officers
Atlases	Genealogy	Pensions
Bible Records	Guardian and Ward	Pensions, Military
Biography	History	Personnel Records
Bounties	Indentured Servants	Plantations
Business Records	Inventories	Probate Records
Canals	Land Grants	Public Records
Cemeteries	Land Records	Public Welfare
Census	Lawyers	Registers, Lists, etc.
Charities	Licenses	Registers of Births, etc.
Church History	Manors	Registers of Dead
Church Records	Maps	Roads
and Registers	Marriage Licenses	Schools
Colleges	Medical records	Ship Registers
Correctional Institutions	Migration, Internal	Ships--Passenger Lists
Court Records	Military Records	Ships--records and
Probate Records	Mortuary Records	Correspondence
Deeds	Names, Geographical	Slave Records
Directories	Names, Personal	Surnames
Divorce Records	Naturalization Records	Tax Records
Emigration and Immigration	Newspapers	Trade Unions
Epitaphs	Obituaries	Universities and Colleges
Farm Management	Orphans and	Voting Registers
Fraternal Organizations	orphan asylums	Wills

REMEMBER: When using the card catalog, look under the geographic location first (Butler County, Pennsylvania), and then the subject heading (Butler County, Pennsylvania. History). Always feel free to ask a librarian for assistance in locating material.

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FAMILY

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©1984-2006. Arlene Ingalls Schrader. All rights reserved.