Field Notes 
April 23, 2005

My first Experience using multiple Nikon SB-800 Speedlights


This page has been hastily assembled to document my first experience using the Nikon D70 with multiple speedlights, 3 to be exact.  It is a consolidation of a number of forum threads, and thus, choppy.  Admittedly, it's poorly written and needs much improvement in both composition and style.  I hope to improve it greatly over time.  This, as well, is my first time producing a web page. 


Right, wrong, or indiferent, documented here is the way the photos below were obtained.

My Assignment:

Take full body shots of  numerous groups of ice skaters for a brochure advertisizing the 2005 Spring Show.
The group size could vary from single individual to group of 16, or so, small child through adult.

Location:

In the coach's locker room, approximately 20 fett long by 14 feet wide, with 10 foot ceiling.

Introduction:


There are many "firsts" here:
First attempt at "photo day" for the ice skating spring show (70 kids, 14 groups, 15 individuals...I'm crazy)
First attempt to take care of all the details simultaneously (eg. missed the wrinkles in the background, forget about the floor!)
First attempt at portrait photography with lights and umbrellas
First try at using 3 SB-800's with my D70 and kit lens
First attempt at tie-dying 7 yards of 107" muslin

All-in-all, things turned out very much as I had hoped.  The picture quality is very adequate, and lighting is right-on in terms of properly illuminating the subjects.  Had this photo shoot been spread out over several sessions, my process could have been adjusted to make use of lessons I learned along the way.  I have sold a number of these poses, and hope to recoup a big portion of my equipment purchase.  In that respect, I've been very successful.

Equipment Used:


Camera:              Nikon D70
Lens:                   Nikon 18-70mm Nikkor DX (D70 kit Lens)
Speedlights:        Nikon SB-800,  qty 3
http://www.nikonusa.com/template.php?cat=1&grp=4&productNr=4801

Other equipment:
1- Nikon SC-28 iTTL Flash Sync cord
http://www.bhphotovideo.com/bnh/controller/home?O=details_accessories&A=details&Q=&sku=300477&is=REG
2- Giottos 13' tall air cushioned light stands (eBay)
http://www.bhphotovideo.com/bnh/controller/home?O=productlist&A=details&Q=&sku=82712&is=REG
3- Bogen 3086 8' tall light stands (eBay)
http://www.adorama.com/BG3086.html
2-  Photoflex white interior/black exterior umbrellas (New -- B&H photo)
http://www.bhphotovideo.com/... ...=productlist&A=details&Q=&sku=42516&is=REG
2- Umbrella swivel brackets (New -- Adorama)
http://www.adorama.com/... ...SB.html?searchinfo=umbrella%20bracket&item_no=9
1- Hakuba 640 El Carmagne Carbon Fiber Tripod (New -- KEH.com)
http://www.keh.com/shop/product.cfm?bid=TR&cid=41&sid=new&crid=10756758
1- 7 yards (21 feet) long, by 107 inch wide  muslin fabric for background ($40 -- Walmart)
Numerous plastic spring clamps ($5.00 bag of 16 -- Walmart)
4-5 foot long by 3/4 inch diameter electrical conduit and straight connectors
connected together to horizontally support the background  (more on this at a future date)
4- size AA Batteries per flash

Camera Settings:


ISO: 400
White Balance: Preset, measured using gray card and all falsh units "ON"
Shutter: 1/200
Aperture: f/8.0
Auto Focus
Manual Focus Area
Exposure Compensation: 0.0 EV
Flash Compensation (using on-camera "lightning bolt" button): 0.0 EV
File Size:  RAW
Post Processing:  Done through Nikon Editor (right-click in Nikon View, choose "edit") and Adobe Photoshop.

Results:

2 lights, key, camera right and fill, next to camera



3 lights, key camera right, fill, next to camera, one background left, pointed toward ceiling



My Set-up

Here was what I remember to be my set-up. There were a couple of configurations.   I uused umbrellas in my set-up. The master SB-800 was attached to one umbrella stand and then the camera via a Nikon SC-28 TTL flash cord, to provide remote operation while maintaining i-TTL flash function. The other flashes were slaved via wireless SB-800 control.

Two SB's were mounted, in their stands (that come with them) to some $14 Adorama umbrella swivel brackets: http://www.adorama.com/... ...SB.html?searchinfo=umbrella%20bracket&item_no=9

They screw onto the 1/4-20 thread on the brass ferrule that comes as part of the umbrella bracket. The other ferrule that also comes as part of the umbrella bracket, has a 1/4-20 female thread that allows attachment to a light stand like a Bogen 3086. I got mine on ebay, but here they are:

http://www.adorama.com/BG3086.html

I used two Photoflex umbrellas here:

http://www.bhphotovideo.com/... ...=productlist&A=details&Q=&sku=42516&is=REG

The third SB was mounted in its bracket and screwed onto a light stand by itself.

The background pictured is made using 107" wide muslin from Walmart, given a really bad dye-job by hap-hazradly dunking it into a RIT dye bath in the back yard. See below for how I did it.

I used umbrellas as light modifiers in my set-up.  The master SB-800 was attached to one umbrella stand and then the camera via a Nikon SC-28 TTL flash cord, to provide remote operation while maintaining i-TTL flash function. The other flashes were slaved via wireless SB-800 control.


A
lthough I can't specifically remember the exact speedlight settings, I can say that they were approximately Key +1.3, Fill 0.0, Backkground -3.0 (or maybe 0.0?) for the 3-light set-up. They settings were approximately Key +1.0, Fill -.3, Background OFF for the 2 light.   Some experimentation and display on the laptop allowed me to get a starting point for all settings.  A flash meter is not necessary for i-TTL flash, as the camera uses its internal meter plus a series of small pre-flashes to adjust for each shot.  Just make sure the relative ratios of key-to-fill-to background are all the way you wish.

What I learned:

I think the i-TTL of the SB-800 was very useful for my application.  Without the benefit of a light meter, I had to allow the camera to make adjustments for the fact that my lights and camera had to be moved over and over to accommodate the various subjects and groups.  Having only 1 day of experience using my D70 and multiple SB-800 lights gave little time for experimentation on my part.

Light Loss and compensation:

Speedlights are, by nature, less powerfiul that studio strobes, and I was unsure, in my initial lighting research, as to whether speedlights would provide the quantity and quality of light that I thought I needed.   Light loss will occur whenever using any type of modifiers on the light source. Light will be lost anytime it is reflected from a surface, such as the white umbrella interior.  By diffusing the light (effectively un-concentrating it) additional light loss occurs as well. 

I expected 1 to 1-1/2 stops of loss due to the umbrella (at each light).  So I initially increased the flash compensation for each speedlight at each individual speedlight
.  However, in practice, the light here, whether from three speedlights, or two, was very adequate to provide the level of illumination desired.   The only light I generally ended up compensating greater than one stop (or 0.0 EV) was the key light.

Key and fill @ +0.7 EV each, Fill @ 0.0 EV


What I learned (and maybe it is obvious to more experienced users) is that each individual light (key, fill, background, etc) can be compensated higher or lower than any other in the set-up. The relative intensities of the lights, with respect to each (lighting ratio), other can be set and maintained to provide ratios of 1:2, 1:3, etc.  For example, to get a ratio of 1:3, the key light (brighter one) should be set 1.0 EV higher than the fill.

The entire speedlight set-up can be compensated as a whole, up to +1.0 EV and down to -3.0 EV through the use of the flash compensation adjustment on the camera. (Push the lightning-bolt button and spin the thumb dial). Therefore, if the flash power is too little or too great, it can be compensated up or down within the range provided, while still maintaining the desired lighting ratio between key and fill

Here is a great site by Chuck Gardner that has a lot of information for additional reading on many topics, including lighting ratios:

http://super.nova.org


Look under "stories" and especially see his "class notes section".

The Blue Background:

I think I got the muslin at Walmart. It is 107 inches wide, and my original color for the one seen here was light blue. I bought 7 yards (21 feet @ 107 wide) for around $40.

The dying was quite easy as it needs to be a really bad job anyways to get the mottled effect.

You need a bottle of RIT dye, or equivalent, and a large tub, and rubber gloves. Follow the dye instructions---outside in the grass, it's messy. Wash the material in the washer to ensure it is wet. Gently wad-up the wet material, press it into the dye solution and let it sit for 3 or 4 minutes. Take it out, inspect, and touch-up by dipping some more. Let the excess dye run out of the material so it can be put into the washing machine on hot-wash, cold rinse--no soap. Dry in the dryer. That's it.

What you see is actually the product of a failed attempt plus a successful one.  My firsty try used a Denim blue color and resulted in a pretty uniformly blue color.  The second attempt used a bottle of Navy Blue and produced what you see in the shots.

See this website:

http://www.betterphoto.com/exploring/MakingBackDrops.asp

In Summary:

It will likely take some experimentation to get the correct exposures and to get a good feel for using your lights.  Use a sturdy tripod and set the exposure to Manual, ( 1/120, f/8.0 for starters). I accidently had the ISO on Auto, but all my shots were taken at ISO 400. I used RAW mode, which REALLY does make for some nice final photos. Exposure can be compensated after the fact, should it not be ideal at the onset. I used Nikon Editor (part of Nikon View, just right-click, then choose "edit). Also, there is a "Freeware" program called Rawshooter Essentials that does a fine job.

Have fun!


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