Certain characters such as the left bracket, ampersand, etc. are reserved by HTML to represent special attributes such as the start of HTML elements, graphic characters, and so on. In addition there are many other characters that you may include in a document, which are not available on a standard keyboard.
HTML allows special referencing to represent these specialcharacters. These are indicated by either character or entity references. Character references are composed of three parts:
&),
Entity references are similar, but use symbolic names to represent the characters. Entity references also have three parts:
&),
<.
Code Description Example -------- ------------------------------- ---------------- � Unused? �
 Unused?
 Unused?
 Unused?
 Unused?
 Unused?
 Unused?
 Unused?
 Unused?
	 Horizontal tab
Line feed
 Unused?
 Unused?
Carriage Return
 Unused?
 Unused?
 Unused?
 Unused?
 Unused?
 Unused?
 Unused?
 Unused?
 Unused?
 Unused?
 Unused?
 Unused?
 Unused?
 Unused?
 Unused?
 Unused?
 Unused?
 Unused?
  Space
! Exclamation mark !
" Quotation mark " " Quotation mark "
# Number sign #
$ Dollar sign $
% Percent sign %
& Ampersand & & Ampersand &
' Apostrophe '
( Left parenthesis (
) Right parenthesis )
* Asterisk *
+ Plus sign +
, Comma ,
- Hyphen -
. Period (fullstop) .
/ Solidus (slash) /
0 Digits 0 0
1 Digits 1 1
2 Digits 2 2
3 Digits 3 3
4 Digits 4 4
5 Digits 5 5
6 Digits 6 6
7 Digits 7 7
8 Digits 8 8
9 Digits 9 9
: Colon :
; Semi-colon ;
< Less than < < Less than <
= Equals sign =
> Greater than > > Greater than >
? Question mark ?
@ Commercial at @
A Letters A A
B Letter B B
C Letter C C
D Letter D D
E Letter E E
F Letter F F
G Letter G G
H Letter H H
I Letter I I
J Letter J J
K Letter K K
L Letter L L
M Letter M M
N Letter N N
O Letter O O
P Letter P P
Q Letter Q Q
R Letter R R
S Letter S S
T Letter T T
U Letter U U
V Letter V V
W Letter W W
X Letter X X
Y Letter Y Y
Z Letter Z Z
[ Left square bracket [
\ Reverse solidus (backslash) \
] Right square bracket ]
^ Caret ^
_ Horizontal bar (underscore) _
` Acute accent `
a Letter a a
b Letter b b
c Letter c c
d Letter d d
e Letter e e
f Letter f f
g Letter g g
h Letter h h
i Letter i i
j Letter j j
k Letter k k
l Letter l l
m Letter m m
n Letter n n
o Letter o o
p Letter p p
q Letter q q
r Letter r r
s Letter s s
t Letter t t
u Letter u u
v Letter v v
w Letter w w
x Letter x x
y Letter y y
z Letter z z
{ Left curly brace {
| Vertical bar |
} Right curly brace }
~ Tilde ~
 Unused?
€ Unused? €
 Unused?
‚ Unused? ‚
ƒ Unused? ƒ
„ Unused? „
… Unused? …
† Unused? †
‡ Unused? ‡
ˆ Unused? ˆ
‰ Unused? ‰
Š Unused? Š
‹ Unused? ‹
Œ Unused? Œ
 Unused?
Ž Unused? Ž
 Unused?
 Unused?
‘ Unused? ‘
’ Unused? ’
“ Unused? “
” Unused? ”
• Unused? •
– Unused? –
— Unused? —
˜ Unused? ˜
™ Unused? ™
š Unused? š
› Unused? ›
œ Unused? œ
 Unused?
ž Unused? ž
Ÿ Unused? Ÿ
  Non-breaking Space
¡ Inverted exclamation ¡
¢ Cent sign ¢
£ Pound sterling £
¤ General currency sign ¤
¥ Yen sign ¥
¦ Broken vertical bar ¦
§ Section sign §
¨ Umlaut (dieresis) ¨
© Copyright ©
ª Feminine ordinal ª
« Left angle quote, guillemotleft «
¬ Not sign ¬
­ Soft hyphen
® Registered trademark ®
¯ Macron accent ¯
° Degree sign °
± Plus or minus ±
² Superscript two ²
³ Superscript three ³
´ Acute accent ´
µ Micro sign µ
¶ Paragraph sign ¶
· Middle dot ·
¸ Cedilla ¸
¹ Superscript one ¹
º Masculine ordinal º
» Right angle quote, guillemotright »
¼ Fraction one-fourth ¼
½ Fraction one-half ½
¾ Fraction three-fourths ¾
¿ Inverted question mark ¿
À Capital A, grave accent À À Capital A, grave accent À
Á Capital A, acute accent Á Á Capital A, acute accent Á
 Capital A, circumflex accent   Capital A, circumflex accent Â
à Capital A, tilde à à Capital A, tilde Ã
Ä Capital A, dieresis or umlaut mark Ä Ä Capital A, dieresis or umlaut mark Ä
Å Capital A, ring Å Å Capital A, ring Å
Æ Capital AE dipthong (ligature) Æ Æ Capital AE dipthong (ligature) Æ
Ç Capital C, cedilla Ç Ç Capital C, cedilla Ç
È Capital E, grave accent È È Capital E, grave accent È
É Capital E, acute accent É É Capital E, acute accent É
Ê Capital E, circumflex accent Ê Ê Capital E, circumflex accent Ê
Ë Capital E, dieresis or umlaut mark Ë Ë Capital E, dieresis or umlaut mark Ë
Ì Capital I, grave accent Ì Ì Capital I, grave accent Ì
Í Capital I, acute accent Í Í Capital I, acute accent Í
Î Capital I, circumflex accent Î Î Capital I, circumflex accent Î
Ï Capital I, dieresis or umlaut mark Ï Ï Capital I, dieresis or umlaut mark Ï
Ð Capital Eth, Icelandic Ð
Ñ Capital N, tilde Ñ Ñ Capital N, tilde Ñ
Ò Capital O, grave accent Ò Ò Capital O, grave accent Ò
Ó Capital O, acute accent Ó Ó Capital O, acute accent Ó
Ô Capital O, circumflex accent Ô Ô Capital O, circumflex accent Ô
Õ Capital O, tilde Õ Õ Capital O, tilde Õ
Ö Capital O, dieresis or umlaut mark Ö Ö Capital O, dieresis or umlaut mark Ö
× Multiply sign ×
Ø Capital O, slash Ø Ø Capital O, slash Ø
Ù Capital U, grave accent Ù Ù Capital U, grave accent Ù
Ú Capital U, acute accent Ú Ú Capital U, acute accent Ú
Û Capital U, circumflex accent Û Û Capital U, circumflex accent Û
Ü Capital U, dieresis or umlaut mark Ü Ü Capital U, dieresis or umlaut mark Ü
Ý Capital Y, acute accent Ý Ý Capital Y, acute accent Ý
Þ Capital THORN, Icelandic Þ Þ Capital THORN, Icelandic Þ
ß Small sharp s, German (sz ligature) ß ß Small sharp s, German (sz ligature) ß
à Small a, grave accent à à Small a, grave accent à
á Small a, acute accent á á Small a, acute accent á
â Small a, circumflex accent â â Small a, circumflex accent â
ã Small a, tilde ã ã Small a, tilde ã
ä Small a, dieresis or umlaut mark ä ä Small a, dieresis or umlaut mark ä
å Small a, ring å å Small a, ring å
æ Small ae dipthong (ligature) æ æ Small ae dipthong (ligature) æ
ç Small c, cedilla ç ç Small c, cedilla ç
è Small e, grave accent è è Small e, grave accent è
é Small e, acute accent é é Small e, acute accent é
ê Small e, circumflex accent ê ê Small e, circumflex accent ê
ë Small e, dieresis or umlaut mark ë ë Small e, dieresis or umlaut mark ë
ì Small i, grave accent ì ì Small i, grave accent ì
í Small i, acute accent í í Small i, acute accent í
î Small i, circumflex accent î î Small i, circumflex accent î
ï Small i, dieresis or umlaut mark ï ï Small i, dieresis or umlaut mark ï
ð Small eth, Icelandic ð ð Small eth, Icelandic ð
ñ Small n, tilde ñ ñ Small n, tilde ñ
ò Small o, grave accent ò ò Small o, grave accent ò
ó Small o, acute accent ó ó Small o, acute accent ó
ô Small o, circumflex accent ô ô Small o, circumflex accent ô
õ Small o, tilde õ õ Small o, tilde õ
ö Small o, dieresis or umlaut mark ö ö Small o, dieresis or umlaut mark ö
÷ Division sign ÷
ø Small o, slash ø ø Small o, slash ø
ù Small u, grave accent ù ù Small u, grave accent ù
ú Small u, acute accent ú ú Small u, acute accent ú
û Small u, circumflex accent û û Small u, circumflex accent û
ü Small u, dieresis or umlaut mark ü ü Small u, dieresis or umlaut mark ü
ý Small y, acute accent ý ý Small y, acute accent ý
þ Small thorn, Icelandic þ þ Small thorn, Icelandic þ
ÿ Small y, dieresis or umlaut mark ÿ ÿ Small y, dieresis or umlaut mark ÿ
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