Woodrow-Lafield, Karen A. 1992. "A Consideration of the Effect of Immigration Reform on the Number of Undocumented Residents in the United States," Population Research and Policy Review 11:117-144.

Based on a 1989 Current Population Survey, the U.S. born population included 17.8 million foreign-born persons, of whom 4.6 million (or 26.1 percent) were Mexico-born. Based on post-1960 entry, the lawfully resident and unauthorized resident population estimates were 13.10 million and 2.05 million without any allowance for agricultural legalization beneficiaries. If such allowances are made, the estimated unauthorized population might be between 1.6 and 1.8 million, and the Mexican estimate of 1.6 million might have been more appropriately given as 1.2 to 1.4 million. This study was critical in developing the preliminary estimate of 3.3 million undocumented residents as of April 1, 1990, a likely range of 1.9 to 4.5 million, and a broader range of 1.7 to 5.5 million.

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