ISSUES TO UNDERSTAND
After reading the chapter, you should be able to discuss the following:
1. Why cities grew rapidly between 1860 and 1900
2. How improved transportation changed the layout of cities and
who lived where
3. Immigration into the United States in the second half of the
nineteenth century; who came, why they came, and
where they settled
4. How the various immigrant groups fared in the United States; the
factors that speeded or slowed a group's upward
mobility and assimilation
5. The reasons for conflict between immigrants and native-born urban
reformers in the late nineteenth century
6. Why urban slums and ghettos developed; how middle-class reformers
perceived ethnic slums and ghettos
7. Why American cities became increasingly segregated along class,
racial, and ethnic lines
8. The roles played by the urban political machines and bosses
in governing cities and the lives of their inhabitants;
why immigrants often supported the bosses;
why good-government reformers fought them
9. The efforts of middle-class reformers to combat poverty; how
these reformers viewed the poor and the immigrant
masses
10. The Social Gospel and settlement-house movements
11. The urban design ideas of Frederick law Olmsted, Calvert Vaux,
Richard Morris Hunt, Louis Sullivan, and the
city-beautiful movement
12. The movement toward centralized municipal administration,
annexation,
and consolidation; what these were and
why they occurred
IDENTIFICATIONS
After reading Ch. 19, you should be able to identify and explain the
significance of each of the following:
Jacob Riis, How the Other Half Lives
"walking" cities
trolleys
"old immigrants"; and "new immigrants"
Castle Garden and Ellis Island
"dumbbell tenements"
Horatio Alger
Clarence Lexow
political boss, machine, and ward captain
Tammany Hall
"Big Jim" Pendergast
William Marcy Tweed
Thomas Nast
“goo-goos”
Bobert M. Hardey and the New York Association for Improving the
Condition
of the Poor
Charles Loring Brace and the Children's Aid Society
Josiah Strong, Our Country
Josephine Shaw Lowell and the Charity Organization Society
Anthony Comstock
Charles Parkhurst
Washington Gladden, Walter Rauschenbusch, and the Social Gospel
Jane Addams and Hull House
Florence Kelley
Frederick Law Olmsted and Calvert Vaux
Boston's Back Bay
city-beautiful movement