IMPORTANT CONCEPTS
After reading the chapter, you should be able to discuss the
following:
1. The Democratic and Republican parties in the years 1877-1896
2. The money question of the period 1877-1896; greenbacks; the gold
standard versus a gold and silver standard
3. The shortcomings of the spoils system and what civil-service
reform was
4. The conflict over tariffs; who wanted to raise them, who wanted
to lower them, and why
5. Farmers' grievances in the late nineteenth century
6. The Populist party, what it stood for, why it fell apart and its
accomplishments
7. Southern blacks after the Reconstruction era and the impact of this
on national politics
8. The effects of the depression of 1893-1897 on national politics
and the political outlook
9. The election of 1896; parties, candidates, platforms, outcome, and
importance
10. Expansionism in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries
11. Causes and consequences of the Spanish-American War
12. The relationship the United States established with Cuba after
the Spanish-American War
13. The Philippines; who favored annexation, who opposed it, and why
14. The Open Door policy and its impact on U.S. foreign policy since
1899
15. The Panama Canal and what it meant to the United States
VOCABULARY
The following terms are used in Chapter 21. To understand the chapter fully, it is important that you know what each of them means.
jingoism an aggressive, bellicose spirit or foreign policy that
advocates
seizing new terri-
tories and/or securing national advantages by use of force
myriad a great number of persons or things
bureaucracy the body of officials administering the agencies or bureaus
of government or other large organizations;
excessive governmental or institutional red tape and routine
pliable easily influenced
spoils system the practice whereby the victorious political party
rewards
its supporters with appointments to government jobs, regardless of
their
qualifications for the positions
patronage the control of appointments to public office or of other
political fu.vors
agrarian rural, agricultural
lynch to kill a person by mob action for some alleged offense without
due process of law
caveat warning or caution
de facto in fact; in reality (as opposed to de jure: according to law
or required by law)
reactionary extremely conservative; favoring a return to the social
or political conditions of a past time
panacea a remedy for all ills or difficulties; a cure-all
sovereignty independence; self-government or authority of a nation
or state
imperialism the policy of extending the rule or authority of an empire
or nation over foreign countries or of acquiring and holding colonies
and
dependencies
protectorate the relationship of a strong state toward a weaker state
or territory that itprotects and partly controls
subjugate to conquer; to bring under complete control
territorial integrity condition of a country being whole, entire, and
self-governing rather
than broken up into the colonies of other countries
Chapter 21
IDENTIFICATIONS
After reading Chapter 21, you should be able to identify and explain
the historical significance of each of the following:
Rutherford B. Hayes
greenbacks and the Greenback party
Carl Schurz, E. L. Godkin, and the Mugwumps
Josephine Shaw Lowell
James A. Garfield
Chester A. Arthur
James B. Weaver
Pendleton Civil Service Act
Grover Cleveland
Benjamin Harrison
Southern, Northwestern, and National Colored Farmers' alliances
Tom Watson, Mary E. Lease, and the Populist party
poll tax, literacy test, and grandfather clause
Plessy v. Ferguson
Booker T. Washington
Jacob Coxey
free silver
William Jennings Bryan
William McKinley
Alfred T. Mahan, The Influence of Sea Power upon History
Josiah Strong, Our Country
Henry Cabot Lodge
Liliuokalani versus Sanford B. Dole and John L. Stevens
William Randolph Hearst, thejournal, and yellow journalism
Joseph Pulitzer and the World
Teller Amendment versus Platt Amendment
Emilio Aguinaldo
Anti-Imperialist League
John Hayand the Open Door policy
Boxer Rebellion
Philippe Bunau-Varilla and the Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty