Genealogy - Relationship Chart

Relationship Chart

If one person's →		Grandparent	Great-grandparent	Great-great-grandparent	Great³-grandparent	Great⁴-grandparent	Great⁵-grandparent
is the other person's ↓	then they are ↘	Grandparent	Great-grandparent	Great-great-grandparent	Great³-grandparent	Great⁴-grandparent	Great⁵-grandparent
Grandparent		1st cousins	1st cousins once removed	1st cousins twice removed	1st cousins thrice removed	1st cousins four times removed	1st cousins five times removed
Great-grandparent		1st cousins once removed	2nd cousins	2nd cousins once removed	2nd cousins twice removed	2nd cousins thrice removed	2nd cousins four times removed
Great-great-grandparent		1st cousins twice removed	2nd cousins once removed	3rd cousins	3rd cousins once removed	3rd cousins twice removed	3rd cousins thrice removed
Great³-grandparent		1st cousins thrice removed	2nd cousins twice removed	3rd cousins once removed	4th cousins	4th cousins once removed	4th cousins twice removed
Great⁴-grandparent		1st cousins four times removed	2nd cousins thrice removed	3rd cousins twice removed	4th cousins once removed	5th cousins	5th cousins once removed
Great⁵-grandparent		1st cousins five times removed	2nd cousins four times removed	3rd cousins thrice removed	4th cousins twice removed	5th cousins once removed	6th cousins

Note: the closest relationship prevails — cousinship is not calculated between individuals when one is descended from the other; for example, two individuals are not called cousins if they are any degree of grandparent, parent or child. Also, cousinship is not calculated between individuals of any degree of aunt/uncle and nephew/niece relationship to each other.

If we share the same parents we are siblings
If we share grandparents but have different parents we are first cousins
If we share great grandparents but have different grandparents we are second cousins
If we share great-great grandparents but have different great grandparents we are third cousins

My parent's sibling is my Aunt / Uncle
My grandparent's sibling is my grandaunt / granduncle or great aunt /uncle

My sibling's child is my Nephew / Niece
My sibling's grandchild is my grandnephew / grandniece

My first cousin's child and I are first cousins once removed (one generation difference between us)
My first cousin's grandchild and I are first cousins twice removed (two generations difference between us)

My parent's first cousin and I are first cousins once removed (one generation difference between us)
My grandparent's first cousin and I are first cousins twice removed (two generations difference between us)

My second cousin's child and I are second cousins once removed (one generation difference between us)
My second cousin's grandchild and I are second cousins twice removed (two generations difference between us)

My parent's second cousin and I are second cousins once removed (one generation difference between us)
My grandparent's second cousin and I are second cousins twice removed (two generations difference between us)

My third cousin's child and I are third cousins once removed (one generation difference between us)
My third cousin's grandchild and I are third cousins twice removed (two generations difference between us)

My parent's third cousin and I are third cousins once removed (one generation difference between us)
My grandparent's third cousin and I are third cousins twice removed (two generations difference between us)

Following this pattern, it can be determined that xth cousin y-times removed means either of the following:

The xth cousin of your direct ancestor y generations previously (eg. your great-grandparent's fifth cousin is your fifth cousin thrice removed); or
Your xth cousin's direct descendant y generations away (e.g. your fifth cousin's great-grandchild is also your fifth cousin thrice removed)