My
research interests lie across the areas of wireless
networking, video streaming, and mobile computing,
particularly in the design, development, evaluation, and
measurement of such systems. I aim to better understand the
behavior of existing networks, and use this knowledge to
build more powerful networking systems. I have worked on
many interesting projects at CMU:
PRO
(Protocol for Retransmitting Opportunistically) is a
link-layer protocol that allows overhearing nodes to
function as relays that retransmit on behalf of the source
after they learn about a failed transmission. Relays with
stronger connectivity to the destination have a higher
chance of delivering the packet than the source does,
thereby resulting in a more efficient use of the channel.
PRO has four main features. First, channel reciprocity
coupled with a run-time calibration process is used to
estimate the instantaneous link quality to the destination.
Second, a local qualification process filters out poor
relays early. Third, a distributed relay selection algorithm
chooses the best set of eligible relays among all qualified
relays and prioritizes them. Lastly, 802.11e Enhanced
Distributed Channel Access (EDCA) is leveraged to make sure
high priority relays transmit with high probability. PRO is
designed to coexist with legacy 802.11 stations. We have
implemented PRO in the driver of a commodity wireless card.
Our extensive evaluation both on a controlled testbed and in
the real world shows that PRO boosts throughput in various
wireless environments, particularly in contended channels,
under fading, or with user mobility. The following video shows a demo of PRO.
Detailed description and more information
can be found
here.
Time-based adaptive retry (TAR) is a link-layer
retransmission strategy for delay-sensitive applications
such as video. TAR dynamically determines whether to send or
discard a packet based on its associated retransmission
deadline rather than adopting a static retry limit over all
packets. By properly assigning retransmission deadlines, TAR
can also offer unequal error protection over different types
of video frames. TAR has been implemented on commodity
hardware and widely evaluated in many real world scenarios.
We have also integrated TAR into PRO to equip relays with
time awareness. The hybrid solution can push the performance
envelope further.
Cooperative Hybrid ARQ (CHARQ)
Forward Error
Correction (FEC) coding and Automatic Repeat reQuest (ARQ)
are two commonly used techniques to tackle packet erasures
in wireless video streaming. To preserve flexibility while
reducing end-to-end latency, Hybird ARQ (HARQ) has been
proposed as an alternative that combines the advantages of
FEC and ARQ. This work presents Cooperative Hybrid ARQ (CHARQ)
that can further boost wireless video streaming quality.
CHARQ takes advantage of the fact that, in the wireless
environment, broadcast is free (from the sender¡¦s point of
view) and that errors are location dependent so an
intermediate proxy that overhears the source¡¦s transmission
may transmit on behalf of the source to increase throughput
efficiency.
CMUsuem
Location-aware computing enables automatic tailoring of
information and services based on the current location of a
mobile user. We have designed and implemented CMUseum, a
system that enables location-based video streaming
applications, as well as other add-on services on top of the
purposed infrastructure. Our novel design incorporates an
802.15.4 Zigbee sensor network for collecting location
information and an 802.11 Wi-Fi network for streaming
video contents. This framework is largely event-driven in
order to support the real-time nature of the video streaming
services it handles. We have demonstrated the viability of
this system through implementing a working system in a
museum tour guide scenario. Watch the following video to get an idea of this work!
FlexMAC
Developing
and evaluating wireless protocols is challenging
because it requires flexible network interface hardware,
which is not readily available. To this end, we developed
FlexMAC, a wireless protocol development and evaluation
platform based on commodity hardware. FlexMAC targets
CSMA wireless protocols and allows customization of
functions
such as backoff, retransmission, and packet timing. FlexMAC is a useful
tool for conducting 802.11-style protocol research. The following video shows a demo that compares
the performance between a software (developed using FlexM) and a hardware 802.11 MAC.
More details of FlexMAC can be found here.
The
source code (based on Madwifi-0.9.3.1) can be downloaded
here.
Multimedia Video
Conferencing System
Earlier on, I was working on
H.323 multimedia conferencing systems. We designed and
implemented an H.323 compliant video phone prototype with
support of an novel media synchronization scheme and an
effective task management technique. I have also worked on the
development of H.263+ and error resilience features of
MPEG-4.
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Publications
Journal Papers :
M. Lu, P. Steenkiste,
and T. Chen, "Opportunistic Retransmission over Wireless LANs,"
in preparation.
M. Lu, P. Steenkiste,
and T. Chen, "Robust Wireless Video Streaming Using Hybrid
Spatial/Temporal Retransmission,"
submitted to IEEE JSAC 2009 Special Issue on Wireless Video
Transmission.
M. Lu, P. Steenkiste, and T.
Chen, "A
Time-based Adaptive Retry Strategy for Video Streaming in
802.11 WLANs ," Wireless
Communications and Mobile Computing, Special Issue on Video
Communications for 4G Wireless Systems, submitted June
2006, revised Sept 2006, published Fec. 2007.
Conference Papers:
M. Lu
,P. Steenkiste, and T. Chen "Design, Implementation and
Evaluation of an Efficient Opportunistic Retransmission
Protocol," accepted
by ACM MobiCom 2009, Beijing China, Sept. 2009. (acceptance rate: 10%)
M. Lu, P. Steenkiste,
and T. Chen, "CHARQ: Cooperative Hybrid ARQ
for Wireless Video
Streaming," IEEE
International Conference on Multimedia and Expo (ICME
2009),July 2009.
M. Lu, Y. Chiu,
and T. Chen, "Learning-based Relay Selection for
Opportunistic Routing," IEEE
International Conference on Multimedia and Expo (ICME
2009),July 2009.
M. Lu, P. Steenkiste, and T.
Chen, "Using Commodity Hardware Platform to Develop and
Evaluate CSMA Protocols," accepted by The Third
ACM International Workshop on Wireless Network Testbeds,
Experimental Evaluation and Characterization (WiNTECH 2008)
in conjunction with ACM MobiCom 2008.slides
G. Judd, X. Wang, M. Lu, and P.
Steenkiste, "Using Physical Layer Emulation to Optimize and
Evaluate Mobile and Wireless Systems," 5th Annual
International Conference on Mobile and Ubiquitous Systems:
Computing, Networking and Services (Mobiquitous 2008),
Dublin, Ireland, July 2008.
M. Lu, P. Steenkiste, and T.
Chen, "Video Transmission over Wireless Multihop Networks
Using Opportunistic Routing,"
Packet Video Workshop (PV2007), Nov. 2007.
poster
M. Lu, P. Steenkiste, and T.
Chen, "Time-aware Opportunistic Relay for Video Streaming
over WLANs,"
IEEE
International Conference on Multimedia and Expo (ICME
2007),July 2007.
M. Lu and T. Chen, "CMUseum:
A Location-aware Adaptive Retry Strategy for Video Streaming
in 802.11 WLANs,"
IEEE
International Conference on Multimedia and Expo (ICME),July
2006.
M. Lu, P. Steenkiste, and T.
Chen, "Video
Streaming over 802.11 WLANs with Content-aware Adaptive Retry,"
IEEE
International Conference on Multimedia and Expo (ICME),July
2005. poster
T.
Chen, M. Lu, J. Huang, "Design and Implementation of an
H.323 Multimedia Conference System" Proceedings of
1999 Workshop on Distributed System Technologies &
Applications, Tainan, Taiwan, May 1999.
T.
Chen, M. Lu, J. Huang, "Real-time Multimedia
Synchronization on H.323 Multimedia Conference System", Proceedings
of 1999 Multimedia Technology and Application Symposium,
Kaohsiung, Taiwan, March 1999.
Demos/Posters:
K. Borries, X. Wang, M.
Lu, G. Nychis, D. Stancil, and P. Steenkiste,
¡¨Repeatable and Fully
Controlled Wireless and Mobile Experiments,¡¨ ACM MobiCom,
Demo, Sept. 2008.
M. Lu, P. Steenkiste,
and T. Chen, ¡¨FlexMAC: A Wireless Protocol Development
and Evaluation
Platform Based On Commodity Hardware,¡¨ ACM MobiCom/WiNTECH,
Demo, Sept.
2008.
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Contact
amylu
AT cmu DOT edu
t. +1 (412) 268-7114
f. +1 (412) 268-2860
Porter Hall B42 Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh, PA 15213 U.S.A.