Feminine Noun Grammar

Feminine Nouns

Most feminine nouns decline like ár, by simply adding the endings as necessary. This is true for about 73% of all feminine nouns, including those with the suffixes –ung, -þ, -þu, and –léast.

Case / Number	the/that	this	singular	the/that	this	plural
nominative	séo	þéos	ár	þá	þás	ára
genitive	þǽre	þisse	áre	þǽra	þissa	ára
dative	þǽre	þisse	áre	þǽm	þissum	arum
instrumental	þǽre	þisse	áre	þǽm	þissum	arum
accusative	þá	þás	áre	þá	þás	ára

NOTE: Nouns like giefu gift decline just like ár, simply by dropping the –u ending and adding the proper inflections.

NOTE: the word brú eyebrow is declined in the plural as: nominative brúa or brúwa, genitive brúna, dative brúum or brúwum.

VOCAB:

Body Parts	Time	Instruments	Emotions	Other
brú - eyebrow eaxl – shoulder mund – hand scinu – shin wamb – stomach	hwíl – space of time stund – period of time, hour þrág – time, period	bǽr – bier féol – file nafu – nave (wheel) ród – cross sagu – saw scofl – shovel sealf – ointment tang – tongs	ár – honor lufu – love scamu – shame scand – disgrace sorg – sorrow	bád – pledge bót – advantage caru – care daru – injury eax – axis faru – journey gád – goad giefu – gift heall – hall heord – herd, flock hogu – solicitude lád – way, journey láf – remnant lár – learning laþu – invitation méd – reward meord – reward notu – use racu – account, narrative rád – ride, riding reord – voice, language rún – secret sacu – strife scolu – troop stalu – theft þearf – need weard – protection
Clothing	People	Injury/Health	Nature
glóf – glove lind – linden, shield	bród – brood léod – nation snoru – daughter-in-law þéod – nation waru – people	coþu – disease cwalu – violent death wracu – revenge wund – wound	æsp – aspen-tree beorc – birch-tree denu – valley mearc – boundary rudu – redness

Two-Syllable Nouns

Case / Number	the/that	this	singular	the/that	this	plural
nominative	séo	þéos	sáwol	þá	þás	sáwla
genitive	þǽre	þisse	sáwle	þǽra	þissa	sáwla
dative	þǽre	þisse	sáwle	þǽm	þissum	sáwlum
instrumental	þǽre	þisse	sáwle	þǽm	þissum	sáwlum
accusative	þá	þás	sáwle	þá	þás	sáwla

NOTE: Nouns like sáwol are ceaster, frófor, and wócor. They have a long first syllable (with a long vowel or two consonants) and a short second, so they syncopate the second vowel.

NOTE: Two-syllable nouns like firen, feter, netel, and others do not syncopate in inflected forms because they have two short syllables.

NOTE: Egenu is like giefu, it drops the –u and adds the endings as appropriate.

VOCAB:

People

Things

Body Things

Other

ciefes – concubine

ádl – disease

byden – bushel

ceaster – city, fortress

egenu – chaff

feðer – feather

feter – fetter

nǽdl – needle

netel – nettle

spinel – spindle

sáwol – soul

stefn – voice

bisen – example

bisn – example

firen – crime

frófor – consolation

wócor – increase, usury

Feminine nouns that are also masculine

frófor – consolation

Nouns Ending in –þu and –ung

Case / Number	the/that	this	singular	the/that	this	plural
nominative	séo	þéos	strengþu	þá	þás	strengþa
genitive	þǽre	þisse	strengþe	þǽra	þissa	strengþa
dative	þǽre	þisse	strengþe	þǽm	þissum	strengþum
instrumental	þǽre	þisse	strengþe	þǽm	þissum	strengþum
accusative	þá	þás	strengþe	þá	þás	strengþa

NOTE: Nouns ending in –þu and –ung are declined just like ár and giefu.

VOCAB:

Time

Mental

Other

Nouns that end in –þ as well as -þu

ǽfnung – evening

ǽring – dawn

deorcung – twilight

ieldung – delay

costung – temptation

gemiltsung – pity

gesyntu – health

geþafung – consent

gíemelíest – carelessness, negligence

hárung – hoariness

hearpung – harping

híenþu – humiliation

hygeléast - thoughtlessness

lǽþþu – hatred

langung – longing

lárléast – ignorance

lárlíest – ignorance

myrgþ – mirth

myrigþ – mirth

niðerung – humiliation

oferméttu – pride

sǽlþ – happiness

scéawung – contemplation

slǽpléast – sleeplessness

slǽwþ – sloth

swígung – silence

tréowþ – fidelity

tríewþ – fidelity

trymþ – firmness

wénung – hope, expectation

ábídung – waiting

ærnung – riding, racing

andgietléast – folly

áscung – interrogation

bíegung – curvature

blácung – pallor

brocung – affliction

céapung – trading

glómung – gloaming

grétung – greeting

handlung – handling

hláfléast – want of bread

léasung – falsehood

léasung – lying, leasing

leornung – learning

murcnung – murmuring

rǽdung – reading

rihting – direction

scotung – shooting

strúdung – robbery

swinsung – melody

tácnung – signification

téoðung – tithing

þegnung – ministration

þingung – intercession

warnung – warning

wendung - turning

wiccung – witchcraft

wunung – dwelling

cýþþu – native country

fǽhþu – feud

gesǽlþu – prosperity

híehþu – height

hlíewþu – shelter

hríefþu – scurfiness

iergþu – cowardice

iermþu – poverty

lengþu – length

mǽgþu – family, kindred

mǽrþu – fame, glory

strengþu – strength

þíefþu – theft

wrǽþþu – anger, wrath

Further Nouns of One Syllable [jo-stems]

Case / Number	the/that	this	singular	the/that	this	plural
nominative	séo	þéos	henn	þá	þás	henna
genitive	þǽre	þisse	henne	þǽra	þissa	henna
dative	þǽre	þisse	henne	þǽm	þissum	hennum
instrumental	þǽre	þisse	henne	þǽm	þissum	hennum
accusative	þá	þás	henne	þá	þás	henna

NOTE: These nouns decline just like ár.

VOCAB:

Nature	Animals	Things	Concepts
brycg – bridge bytt – flagon ecg – edge íeg - island sciell – shell ýþ – wave	henn – hen hind – doe wylf – she-wolf	æx – axe bend – band cǽg – key cribb – crib crycc – crutch gierd – rod hæcc – gate, hatch secg – sword slecg – sledge-hammer	bliss – bliss blíþs – bliss hild – war, battle liss – favor, kindness líþs – favor, kindness milts – mercy, kindness nytt – use, profit sæcc – strife synn – sin wrǽc – vengeance wynn – joy
People	Other
nift – niece	benn – wound hell – hell rest – rest sibb – relationship sprǽc – speech, language syll – sill, threshold

Further Two-Syllable Nouns

Case / Number	the/that	this	singular	the/that	this	plural
nominative	séo	þéos	cólnes	þá	þás	cólnessa
genitive	þǽre	þisse	cólnesse	þǽra	þissa	cólnessa
dative	þǽre	þisse	cólnesse	þǽm	þissum	cólnessum
instrumental	þǽre	þisse	cólnesse	þǽm	þissum	cólnessum
accusative	þá	þás	cólnesse	þá	þás	cólnessa

NOTE: Nouns ending in –en, -rǽden, and –nes double the s/n before adding endings.

VOCAB

Animals

People

Things

Mental Descriptions

Other

biren – she-bear

fyxen – she-fox

wiergen – she-wolf

gyden – goddess

hægtes – witch

menen – female slave

mynecen – nun

þéowen – servant

þignen – handmaid

þínen – handmaid

þyften – female servant

byrgen – tomb

candel – candle

mǽdrǽden – grass mown on a meadow

sellen – gift

stréowen – bed

æðelnes – nobility

clǽnnes – purity

dréorignes – sadness

fæstnes – firmness

gléawnes – sagacity

holdrǽden – loyalty

hyldrǽden – fidelity

ídelnes – idleness

lufsumnes – amiability

mildheortnes – mercy

wærnes – prudence

wódnes – madness

biternes – bitterness

blindnes – blindness

byrþen – burden

célnes – coolness

cnéoris – generation

cólnes – coolness

éadignes – prosperity

geférrǽden – companionship

geþéodrǽden – fellowship

gíemen – care, responsibility

grénnes – greenness

hæften – custody

hǽlnes – salvation

heardnes – hardness

hengen – hanging

híwrǽden – family, household

húsrǽden - household

lygen – falsehood

mǽgrǽden – relationship

mannrǽden – allegiance, homage

oferetolnes – gluttony

rǽden – arrangement, rule

scielden – protection

slæcnes – slackness

strangnes – strength

swiftnes – swiftness

téonrǽden – injury

þingrǽden – intercession

þrínes – trinity

tréowrǽden – fidelity

tyhten – incitement

wæterséocnes – dropsy

wíterǽden - punishment

Nouns that add –we in inflected forms

Case / Number	the/that	this	singular	the/that	this	plural
nominative	séo	þéos	mǽd	þá	þás	mǽdwa
genitive	þǽre	þisse	mǽdwe	þǽra	þissa	mǽdwa
dative	þǽre	þisse	mǽdwe	þǽm	þissum	mǽdwum
instrumental	þǽre	þisse	mǽdwe	þǽm	þissum	mǽdwum
accusative	þá	þás	mǽdwe	þá	þás	mǽdwa

NOTE: only beadu, sinu, sceadu, mǽd, lǽs, and blódlǽs decline this way. The plurals frætwa and geatwa also decline this way.

NOTE: beadu, sinu, sceadu drop the –u and add –we, -wa, -wum in inflected forms.

VOCAB:

beadu – battle

blódlǽs – blood-letting, bleeding

frætwa – ornaments (pl)

geatwa – armaments, armor (pl)

lǽs - pasture

mǽd – meadow

sceadu – shadow

sinu – sinew

Further Feminine Nouns: Abstract Nouns

Case / Number	the/that	this	singular	the/that	this	plural
nominative	séo	þéos	strengu	þá	þás	strenga
genitive	þǽre	þisse	strenge	þǽra	þissa	strenga
dative	þǽre	þisse	strenge	þǽm	þissum	strengum
instrumental	þǽre	þisse	strenge	þǽm	þissum	strengum
accusative	þá	þás	strenge	þá	þás	strenga

NOTE: These nouns are typically formed by umlauting the stem vowel of an adjective, and adding –u.

VOCAB:

Physical Description

Mental Description

Other

bierhtu – brightness

engu – narrowness

fyllu – fullness

hǽlu – health

ieldu – age

lengu – length

micelu – size

strengu – strength

þíestru – darkness

bieldu – boldness

snytru – wisdom

wlencu – pride

hǽtu – heat

hyldu – favor

mengu – multitude

menigu – multitude

menniscu – humanity, human state

oferfierru – great distance

wæstmbǽru – fertility

Further Types of Feminine Nouns: Ending in E

These nouns were originally like masculine giest and wine, but they kept the plural ending –e. Like the masculine counterparts, these nouns have an uninflected accusative.

Case / Number	the/that	this	singular	the/that	this	plural
nominative	séo	þéos	cwén	þá	þás	cwéne
genitive	þǽre	þisse	cwéne	þǽra	þissa	cwéna
dative	þǽre	þisse	cwéne	þǽm	þissum	cwénum
instrumental	þǽre	þisse	cwéne	þǽm	þissum	cwénum
accusative	þá	þás	cwén	þá	þás	cwéne

NOTE: The accusative is uninflected with these nouns.

NOTE: The nominative/accusative plural ends in –e, which distinguishes it from the genitive plural.

NOTE: the noun ǽ law is generally uninflected in the singular and nominative/accusative plural, but there are also forms as ǽwe, ǽwa.

VOCAB:

Body Parts	People	Food	Things
ansíen – face fýst – fist hýd – hide, skin	brýd – bride cwén – queen dryht – troop fierd – army	wist – sustenance, food wyrt – vegetable, herb	ǽht – property benc – bench cýf – tub gléd – live coal hýf – hive hyrst – ornament sýl – pillar wǽd – garment
			Other
			bén – prayer cyst – choice dǽd – deed ést – favor hǽs – command meaht – might, power miht – might, power níed – need scyld – guilt sped – success þrýþ – strength tíd – time wén – hope, expectation wyrd – fate ýst - storm

Further Types of Feminine Nouns: Ending in U / A inflected

These feminine nouns decline just like masculine a-plurals.

Case / Number	the/that	this	singular	the/that	this	plural
nominative	séo	þéos	duru	þá	þás	dura
genitive	þǽre	þisse	dura	þǽra	þissa	dura
dative	þǽre	þisse	dura	þǽm	þissum	durum
instrumental	þǽre	þisse	dura	þǽm	þissum	durum
accusative	þá	þás	duru	þá	þás	dura

There are only 5 such nouns, so the best way to learn them is to memorize them.

NOTE: The accusative singular is uninflected, just like e-ending nouns.

NOTE: The masculine and feminine a-plurals decline alike.

VOCAB:

cweorn – hand-mill

duru – door

flór – floor

hand – hand

nosu – nose

Feminine nouns that are also masculine

flór – floor

Further Types of Feminine Nouns: Umlaut

Case / Number	the/that	this	singular	singular	the/that	this	plural	plural
nominative	séo	þéos	bóc	hnutu	þá	þás	béc	hnyte
genitive	þǽre	þisse	béc, bóce	hnyte, hnute	þǽra	þissa	bóca	hnuta
dative	þǽre	þisse	béc	hnyte	þǽm	þissum	bócum	hnutum
instrumental	þǽre	þisse	béc	hnyte	þǽm	þissum	bócum	hnutum
accusative	þá	þás	bóc	hnutu	þá	þás	béc	hnyte

There were more of these in Old English than in modern English. There are two variant types of inflection. The first is given by bóc book, the second by hnutu nut.

The umlaut occurs in the genitive, dative, instrumental singular, and the nominative, accusative plurals. Notice that bóc only umlauts, while hnutu changes the -u to –e in inflected cases, like any other umlaut noun in the inflected forms.

The vowels change, or umlaut, so that a->æ, o->e, u->y, ea->ie

NOTE: the genitive can be either umlauted, or have a suffixed –e.

NOTE: furh has a lengthened vowel in inflected forms without umlaut, so that it has genitive singular fúre and fyrh, and plural genitive fúra, dative fúrum.

NOTE: sulh is like furh, with plural genitive súla, dative súlum.

NOTE: þrúh has a dative plural þrúm.

VOCAB:

Animals

Things

Food

Nature

cú – cow

gát – goat

gós – goose

lús – louse

mús – mouse

bóc – book

bróc – trousers

burg – city

dung – prison

studu – pillar

stuþu – pillar

sulh – plough

grút – coarse meal, groats

hnitu – nit

hnutu – nut

meolc – milk

ác – oak

furh – furrow

neaht – night

niht – night

þrúh – trough

turf – turf

wlóh – fringe

Further Types of Feminine Nouns: Ending in ð

Case / Number	the/that	this	singular	the/that	this	plural
nominative	séo	þéos	mægþ	þá	þás	mægþ
genitive	þǽre	þisse	mægþ	þǽra	þissa	mægþa
dative	þǽre	þisse	mægþ	þǽm	þissum	mægþum
instrumental	þǽre	þisse	mægþ	þǽm	þissum	mægþum
accusative	þá	þás	mægþ	þá	þás	mægþ

The noun mægþ maiden is the only noun of this type. It also appears as mægeþ.

VOCAB:

mægþ - maiden

Further Types of Feminine Nouns: Family Terms

Case / Number	the/that	this	singular	singular	the/that	this	plural	Plural
nominative	séo	þéos	módor	sweostor	þá	þás	módor	sweostor
genitive	þǽre	þisse	módor	sweostor	þǽra	þissa	módra	sweostra
dative	þǽre	þisse	méder	sweostor	þǽm	þissum	módrum	sweostrum
instrumental	þǽre	þisse	méder	sweostor	þǽm	þissum	módrum	sweostrum
accusative	þá	þás	módor	sweostor	þá	þás	módor	sweostor

There are only three nouns of this type, módor mother, dohtor daughter, and sweostor sister. Módor and dohtor decline alike, so that dohtor has the singular [dohtor, dohtor, dehter, dehter, dohtor] and plural [dohtor, dohtra, dohtrum, dohtrum, dohtor].

The nouns módor and dohtor have the alternate plurals módru, módra, and dohtru, dohtra.

NOTE: there is a plural noun gesweostor/gesweostra/gesweostru which is a collective feminine plural meaning sisters.

VOCAB:

dohtor – daughter

módor – mother

sweostor – sister

gesweostor – sisters pl

Further Types of Feminine Nouns: Weak Nouns

Case / Number	the/that	this	singular		the/that	this	plural	plural
nominative	séo	þéos	tunge	béo	þá	þás	tungan	béon
genitive	þǽre	þisse	tungan	béon	þǽra	þissa	tungena	béona
dative	þǽre	þisse	tungan	béon	þǽm	þissum	tungum	béom
instrumental	þǽre	þisse	tungan	béon	þǽm	þissum	tungum	béom
accusative	þá	þás	tungan	béon	þá	þás	tungan	béon

Weak feminine nouns end in –e or a vowel, and decline like masculine weak nouns.

NOTE: Like béo bee decline céo, flá, séo, slá, tá, and þó.

VOCAB:

Birds	Animals	Plants	People	Body Parts
céo – jackdaw, chough cráwe – crow dúce – duck ósle – ouzel úle – owl	áðexe – lizard asse – she-ass béo – bee bicce – bitch fléoge – fly loppe – flea loppestre – lobster míere – mare moþþe – moth nǽdre – snake	ampre – sorrel béce – beech-tree berige – berry cúsloppe – cowslip cúslyppe – cowslip docce – dock (plant) pirige – pear-tree slá – sloe	bæcestre – baker cempestre – female novice cwene – woman fylgestre – follower hlǽfdige – lady hléapestre – dancer huntigestre – huntress lǽrestre – teacher lufestre – lover meowle – maiden rǽdestre – reader sangestre – songstress séamestre – sempstress smiþþe – smithy tæppestre – tavern-keeper webbestre – weaver wicce – witch wítegestre – prophetess wuduwe – widow	ǽdre – artery, vein blǽdre – bladder céace – cheek, jaw ceole – throat heorte – heart séo – pupil of the eye tá – toe tunge – tongue þrote – throat
Family	Food	Nature	Things	Clothes
faðe – aunt mǽge – kinswoman mage – kinswoman módrige – maternal aunt	flíete – cream more – parsnip pere – pear pise – pea	burne – stream, brook eorðe – earth folde – earth heofone – heaven hrúse – earth molde – earth sunne – sun þó – clay wáse – mud	arwe – arrow belle – bell bíeme – trumpet canne – can, cup clugge – bell cuppe – cup fæcele – torch fiðele – fiddle flá – arrow hearpe – harp panne – pan pipe – pipe racente – chain	byrne – corslet binde – head-band hacele – cloak
	Other
	ælmesse – alms ǽsce – inquiry asce – ash, cinders blæse – blaze, firebrand, torch cirice – church seohhe – sieve síde – side slyppe – paste swealwe – swallow swipe – scourge þyrne – thornbush wæcce – vigil wice – week wise – way, manner wuce – week wulle – wool

Feminine Adjectives

There are two types of adjective declension: strong and weak. Strong forms look like the endings of the definite article, and are used when there is no definite article to determine case. Strong forms are used in the predicate (after wesan, weorðan) in the positive and superlative, and before a noun not preceded by se, þes, or mín.

Weak forms are used after se, þes, and possessive pronouns (mín, þín, his, hire, user, ure, etc.)

Case / Number	Singular		Plural
Case / Number	strong	weak	strong	weak
nominative	blind (tilu)	blinde	blinda	blindan
genitive	blindre	blindan	blindra	blindra, blindena
dative	blindre	blindan	blindum	blindum
instrumental	blindre	blindan	blindum	blindum
Accusative	blinde	blindan	blinda	blindan

Adjectives declined for masculine nouns have no ending in the nominative, just like nouns. The rest of the endings match almost exactly the endings of the article. Notice the singular is always re, and the weak forms are always –an in the singular if the noun is not the subject.

Adjectives like blind are normal long-stems (those with a short vowel and more than one consonant, or a long vowel and one consonant), and include adjectives ending in the suffixes -cund, -feald, -fæst and -léas.

Adjectives ending in doubled consonants, like eall or dynn, simplify before other consonants (ealne, etc.)

If an adjective is not long-stemmed (a short vowel and one consonant) then it adds a –u in the feminine nominative singular.

Adjectives like glæd change æ to a before vowel endings (singular glæd, glades, gladum, glade, glædne; pl glade, glædra, gladum, glade), and keep the æ before consonant endings. Adjectives like glæd are bær, blæc, hræd, hwæt, læt, smæl, sæd, wær, any short stem adjective, and those ending in the suffixes –lic, -sum. For adjectives, see the adjective lesson, lesson 4.

Complete Feminine Vocab:

Animals	People	Food	Nature
áðexe – lizard asse – she-ass béo – bee bicce – bitch biren – she-bear céo – jackdaw, chough cráwe – crow cú – cow dúce – duck fyxen – she-fox gát – goat gós – goose henn – hen heord – herd, flock hind – doe loppe – flea loppestre – lobster lús – louse míere – mare moþþe – moth mús – mouse nǽdre – snake ósle – ouzel úle – owl wiergen – she-wolf wylf – she-wolf	bæcestre – baker brýd – bride ciefes – concubine cwén – queen cwene – woman dohtor – daughter gesweostor – sisters pl gyden – goddess hægtes – witch hlǽfdige – lady hléapestre – dancer huntigestre – huntress lǽrestre – teacher lufestre – lover mǽge – kinswoman mǽgrǽden – relationship mægþ - maiden mǽgþu – family, kindred mage – kinswoman menen – female slave mengu – multitude menigu – multitude menniscu – humanity, human state meowle – maiden módor – mother módrige – maternal aunt sangestre – songstress séamestre – sempstress smiþþe – smithy snoru – daughter-in-law sweostor – sister tæppestre – tavern-keeper þéowen – servant þignen – handmaid þínen – handmaid þyften – female servant wicce – witch wuduwe – widow faðe – aunt webbestre – weaver wítegestre – prophetess rǽdestre – reader
Body Parts	Plants	Time	Weapons
ansíen – face ǽdre – artery, vein blǽdre – bladder brú - eyebrow céace – cheek, jaw eaxl – shoulder fýst – fist hand – hand heorte – heart hýd – hide, skin mund – hand nosu – nose sáwol – soul scinu – shin séo – pupil of the eye stefn – voice tá – toe þrote – throat tunge – tongue wund – wound	ác – oak æsp – aspen-tree beorc – birch-tree egenu – chaff hnitu – nit hnutu – nut netel – nettle wyrt – vegetable, herb ampre – sorrel béce – beech-tree berige – berry byden – bushel slá – sloe cúsloppe – cowslip cúslyppe – cowslip docce – dock (plant)	ǽfnung – evening ǽring – dawn deorcung – twilight hwíl – space of time neaht – night niht – night þrág – time, period tíd – time wice – week wuce – week stund – period of time, hour	arwe – arrow æx – axe blæse – blaze, firebrand, torch fæcele – torch flá – arrow geatwa – armaments, armor (pl) lind – linden, shield secg – sword slecg – sledge-hammer

ábídung – waiting

ádl – disease

æðelnes – nobility

ǽht – property

ælmesse – alms

ærnung – riding, racing

ǽsce – inquiry

andgietléast – folly

ár – honor

asce – ash, cinders

áscung – interrogation

bád – pledge

bǽr – bier

beadu – battle

belle – bell

bén – prayer

benc – bench

bend – band

benn – wound

bíegung – curvature

bieldu – boldness

bíeme – trumpet

bierhtu – brightness

binde – head-band

bisen – example

bisn – example

biternes – bitterness

blácung – pallor

blindnes – blindness

bliss – bliss

blíþs – bliss

blódlǽs – blood-letting, bleeding

bóc – book

bót – advantage

bróc – trousers

brocung – affliction

bród – brood

brycg – bridge

burg – city

burne – stream, brook

byrgen – tomb

byrne – corslet

byrþen – burden

bytt – flagon

cǽg – key

candel – candle

canne – can, cup

caru – care

céapung – trading

ceaster – city, fortress

célnes – coolness

cempestre – female novice

ceole – throat

cirice – church

clǽnnes – purity

clugge – bell

cnéoris – generation

cólnes – coolness

costung – temptation

coþu – disease

cribb – crib

crycc – crutch

cuppe – cup

cwalu – violent death

cweorn – hand-mill

cýf – tub

cyst – choice

cýþþu – native country

dǽd – deed

daru – injury

denu – valley

dréorignes – sadness

dryht – troop

dung – prison

duru – door

éadignes – prosperity

eax – axis

ecg – edge

engu – narrowness

eorðe – earth

ést – favor

fǽhþu – feud

fæstnes – firmness

faru – journey

feðer – feather

féol – file

feter – fetter

fiðele – fiddle

fierd – army

firen – crime

fléoge – fly

flíete – cream

flór – floor

folde – earth

frætwa – ornaments (pl)

frófor – consolation

furh – furrow

fylgestre – follower

fyllu – fullness

gád – goad

geférrǽden – companionship

gemiltsung – pity

gesǽlþu – prosperity

gesyntu – health

geþafung – consent

geþéodrǽden – fellowship

giefu – gift

gíemelíest – carelessness, negligence

gíemen – care, responsibility

gierd – rod

gléawnes – sagacity

gléd – live coal

glóf – glove

glómung – gloaming

grénnes – greenness

grétung – greeting

grút – coarse meal, groats

hacele – cloak

hæcc – gate, hatch

hæften – custody

hǽlnes – salvation

hǽlu – health

hǽs – command

hǽtu – heat

handlung – handling

hárung – hoariness

heall – hall

heardnes – hardness

hearpe – harp

hearpung – harping

hell – hell

hengen – hanging

heofone – heaven

híehþu – height

híenþu – humiliation

hild – war, battle

híwrǽden – family, household

hláfléast – want of bread

hlíewþu – shelter

hogu – solicitude

holdrǽden – loyalty

hríefþu – scurfiness

hrúse – earth

húsrǽden - household

hýf – hive

hygeléast - thoughtlessness

hyldrǽden – fidelity

hyldu – favor

hyrst – ornament

ídelnes – idleness

íeg - island

ieldu – age

ieldung – delay

iergþu – cowardice

iermþu – poverty

lád – way, journey

lǽs - pasture

lǽþþu – hatred

láf – remnant

langung – longing

lár – learning

lárléast – ignorance

lárlíest – ignorance

laþu – invitation

léasung – falsehood

léasung – lying, leasing

lengþu – length

lengu – length

léod – nation

leornung – learning

liss – favor, kindness

líþs – favor, kindness

lufsumnes – amiability

lufu – love

lygen – falsehood

mǽd – meadow

mǽdrǽden – grass mown on a meadow

mǽrþu – fame, glory

mannrǽden – allegiance, homage

meaht – might, power

mearc – boundary

méd – reward

meolc – milk

meord – reward

micelu – size

miht – might, power

mildheortnes – mercy

milts – mercy, kindness

molde – earth

more – parsnip

murcnung – murmuring

mynecen – nun

myrgþ – mirth

myrigþ – mirth

nǽdl – needle

nafu – nave (wheel)

niðerung – humiliation

níed – need

nift – niece

notu – use

nytt – use, profit

oferetolnes – gluttony

oferfierru – great distance

oferméttu – pride

panne – pan

pere – pear

pipe – pipe

pirige – pear-tree

pise – pea

racente – chain

racu – account, narrative

rád – ride, riding

rǽden – arrangement, rule

rǽdung – reading

reord – voice, language

rest – rest

rihting – direction

ród – cross

rudu – redness

rún – secret

sacu – strife

sæcc – strife

sǽlþ – happiness

sagu – saw

scamu – shame

scand – disgrace

sceadu – shadow

scéawung – contemplation

scielden – protection

sciell – shell

scofl – shovel

scolu – troop

scotung – shooting

scyld – guilt

sealf – ointment

sellen – gift

seohhe – sieve

sibb – relationship

síde – side

sinu – sinew

slæcnes – slackness

slǽpléast – sleeplessness

slǽwþ – sloth

slyppe – paste

snytru – wisdom

sorg – sorrow

sped – success

spinel – spindle

sprǽc – speech, language

stalu – theft

strangnes – strength

strengþu – strength

strengu – strength

stréowen – bed

strúdung – robbery

studu – pillar

stuþu – pillar

sulh – plough

sunne – sun

swealwe – swallow

swiftnes – swiftness

swígung – silence

swinsung – melody

swipe – scourge

sýl – pillar

syll – sill, threshold

synn – sin

tácnung – signification

tang – tongs

téoðung – tithing

téonrǽden – injury

þearf – need

þegnung – ministration

þéod – nation

þíefþu – theft

þíestru – darkness

þingrǽden – intercession

þingung – intercession

þó – clay

þrínes – trinity

þrúh – trough

þrýþ – strength

þyrne – thornbush

tréowrǽden – fidelity

tréowþ – fidelity

tríewþ – fidelity

trymþ – firmness

turf – turf

tyhten – incitement

wæcce – vigil

wǽd – garment

wærnes – prudence

wæstmbǽru – fertility

wæterséocnes – dropsy

wamb – stomach

warnung – warning

waru – people

wáse – mud

weard – protection

wén – hope, expectation

wendung - turning

wénung – hope, expectation

wiccung – witchcraft

wise – way, manner

wist – sustenance, food

wíterǽden - punishment

wlencu – pride

wlóh – fringe

wócor – increase, usury

wódnes – madness

wracu – revenge

wrǽc – vengeance

wrǽþþu – anger, wrath

wulle – wool

wunung – dwelling

wynn – joy

wyrd – fate

ýst - storm

ýþ – wave