"We are all Republicans, we are all Federalists."
Jefferson as President:
- consistently inconsistent
- a moderate
- repealed the excise tax on whiskey
- kept federalist economic programs
* Secured the "Revolution of 1800": peaceful political change and the two party system
1802 - repeal of the Federalist Judiciary Act - 16 judges
> Marbury v. Madison (1803) - "Judicial Review" decision by chief justice John Marshall helped assure a powerful central government
Jefferson's distrust of large standing armies > reduction in military forces to 2,500 and reduction in naval forces
But: treat from the Barbary Pirates in North Africa forced Jefferson to send the navy to the "shores of Tripoli"
1803 - Louisiana purchase from France for $15 million
- Sold by Napoleon because of his failure to recapture Santo Domingo
- Constitutional? Loose v. Strict Construction
Republicans v. Federalists
> American control of the Mississippi River!
> Doubled the size of the U.S.
> Explorations by Meriwether Lewis, William Clark, and Zebulon Pike
1806 - Jefferson reelected to a second term
Renewed British-French hostilities > British impressment of American seamen on merchant ships (used as a military draft)
U.S. responded by encouraging the enlistment of British deserters by paying them more
1807 - Chesapeake incident: British attempted to impress seamen on a U.S. warship; American commander refused: British fire at close range killing 3 Americans
1807 - Embargo Act forbade the export of all goods from the United States on American or foreign ships
> Illicit trade
> New England talk of secession
1809 - Embargo Repealed > Reopened trade with all nations except England and France
Jefferson's economic policies did stimulate Americans manufacturing
Jefferson's Legacy: two-term tradition
kept U.S. out of war
stepping-stone between aristocratic Federalism & Democratic Jacksonianism
* Thomas Jefferson and John Adams did on the same day! -July 4, 1826