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- Questions of periodization
- Nature and causes of changes in the world history framework leading up to 600
C.E. - 1450 as a period
- Emergence of new empires and political systems (e.g. Umayyad, Abbasid, Byzantium, Russia, Sudanic states, Swahili Coast, Tang, Song, and Ming China, Delhi Sultanate, Mongol, Turkish, Aztec, Inca)
- Continuities and breaks within the period (e.g., the effects of the Mongols on
international contacts and on specific societies)
- The Islamic World
- The rise and role of Dar al-Islam as a unifying cultural and economic force in
Eurasia and Africa
- Islamic political structures, notably the caliphate
- Arts, sciences, and technologies
- Interregional networks and contacts
- Development and shifts in interregional trade, technology, and cultural exchange
- Trans-Sahara trade
- Indian Ocean trade
- Silk routes
- Economic Innovations (e.g. Tang, Song, and early Ming China, Swahili Coast trade, economic systems in the Americas)
- Missionary outreach of major religions
- Contacts between major religions, e.g., Islam and Buddhism, Christianity and
Islam
- Impact of the Mongol empires
- Political systems and cultural patterns
- East Asia
1. China’s expansion
2. Chinese influence on surrounding areas and its limits (Japan, Vietnam, and Korea)
3. Change and continuities in Confucianism
- The Americas
1. Apex and decline of the Maya
2. Rise of the Aztec
3. Rise of the Inca
- Restructuring of Europe
1. Decentralization – medieval society
2. Division of Christianity
3. Revival of cities
- Africa
1. Sudanic empires (Mali, Ghana, Songhay)
2. Swahili coast
- South Asia and Southeast Asia
1. Delhi Sultanate
2. Vietnam
- Arts, sciences, and technologies
- Demographic ad environmental changes
- Impact of nomadic migrations on Afro-Eurasia and the Americas (e.g., Aztecs,
Mongols, Turks, Vikings, and Arabs)
- Consequences of plague pandemics in the fourteenth century
- Growth and role of cities (e.g., the expansion of urban commercial centers in Song China and administrative centers in Africa and the Americas)
- Diverse interpretations
- What are the issues involved in using cultural areas rather than states as units of
analysis?
- What are the sources of change: nomadic migrations versus urban growth?
- Was there a world economic network in this period?
- Were there common patterns in the new opportunities available to and constraints
placed on elite women in this period?
- To what extent was Dar al-Islam a unified cultural/political entity?

mruland@comcast.net
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Last updated June 28, 2009
© Marcella Ruland 1998-2009, All rights reserved
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