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Some Biology Resources
Copyright © 2006 by Zack Smith,
All rights reserved.

What's this?

This is mostly a links page, related to introductory biology.

Online Biology Books

MJ Farabee's biology book that has been online for at least 7 years now. It is here.

Photosynthesis

A very good explanation of how chloroplasts work: Link.

Euglena

Euglena is a single-celled eukaryote (a protist) that can be described as a cross between plant and animals. Basically it has chloroplasts. So while it can, like an animal, ingest food to get ATP, it can also, like a plant, produce ATP it using its chloroplasts. Here is a video.

Paramecium

Paramecium is an animal protist (single celled eukaryote) but, like plants, it has a large vacuole for storing water.

Overview of Major Organelles

Plasma membrane

Microtubules.

The cell cycle

Stock footage of a cell undergoing mitosis.

Phases of mitosis: (PPMAT)

  1. Prophase: spindles form; chromatins collect into chromosomes; the nuclear membrane disappears; and centrioles enlist microtubules for the division operation.
  2. Prometaphase: kinetochores connect between microtubules and centrosomes
  3. Metaphase: replicated chromosomes (each being 2 sister chromatids) line up along the middle of the cell thanks to the kinetochore microtubules.
  4. Anaphase: chromosomes separate and are pulled to the two ends of the cell by another set of microtubules (name=?).
  5. Telophase: cell gets longer, new nuclear envelopes form while cytokinesis separates the cells
Cytokinesis is not a part of telophase but it overlaps.

Animation of cell cycle.

Excellent overview of mitosis with diagrams. SUNY page.

Genetics

McGraw-Hill animations.

Wiley DNA replication animation.

Introns are removed by splicesomes. See this animation

Agarose gel & electrophoresis

Animation

More animations

Several animations from one site.

Human chromosomes

Here's a good technical discussion about the Y chromosome.

Stanley Miller & Harold Urey

Their experiment established that inorganic matter and be converted to organic matter, the precursors of life.

Links