4500+
Great Links

Kleppners Advertising Procedure Ch. 3

Related Links

Click for links about:

My Related Pages
Copyright © 2006 by Zack Smith.
All rights reserved.

This is my personal summary of Kleppner's Advertising Procedure.

Chapters
Chapters 1 & 2: Basics of Advertising
Chapter 3: History and Brands
Chapter 4: Target Marketing
Chapter 5: Agencies and Services
Chapter 7: Media Strategy
Chapter 13: Internet Marketing
Chapter 24: Economic / Social / Legal Aspects of Advertising
My Addendum: Notes on Internet/Web Advertising

Chapter 3: History & Brands

Planning

Before you make an ad, you need a strategic plan.

Know the buyer.

Know what stage the product is at:

  • pioneering
  • competing
  • retentive / reminder

Stages

Pioneering Stage

Product is revolutionary or heretofore unknown in a certain market, e.g. 1st cell phone.

Creates a new habit, custom, usage, or improves standard of living.

Theme: progress as a feature of the passage of time.

Anticipates need, answers question.

"Now you can"...

Goal is to educate.

Pitfall: assuming consumer knows about product category.

Advantage: getting loyal customers early puts company in leadership position.

Competitive Stage

Consumer already familiar with type of product, how to use it, and is choosing brands.

Early competitive phase has many competitors.

Ads feature difference between competing products, false choices, ignoring weaknesses, etc.

Superlatives, comparatives.

Retentive or Reminder Stage

Consumers forget if not reminded.

Mature, widely accepted product.

Strength of past reputation is enough.

  • Visual format
  • Name format
  • Poster ad

Goals

  • to maintain market share
  • to discourage consumers from trying other brands

Unusual that product reaches this stage.

Reaching retentive stage can suggest possible extinction of product type.

Retentive stage is most profitable.

The Advertising Spiral

  1. Pioneering (P)
  2. Competitive (C)
  3. Retentive (R)
  4. New pioneering
  5. New competitive
  6. New retentive etc

A product can be in more than one stage at once.

Example:
Once, the computer was pioneering in the home context but competitive in the office context.

One ad can target >1 groups and >1 stages.

New products often skip the P stage because the product category is established.

Important new product features may require P approach.

After R, a company has several options.

One is to continue to sell a product.

The Product Life Cycle is:

  1. Intro
  2. Growth
  3. Maturity
  4. Decline

This is flawed however, because most products go through >1 life cycles, and are revived and improved.

New Pioneering Stage

Continued product revivals require "creative marketing".

You can't rely on old customers. You always need new ones.

In this stage, products are modified or overhauled.

Smart advertisers will show new ways to use product when it is successful, e.g. by providing food recipes for soup product.

A product can be in 2 or more stages at once, 1 for each consumer type or context.

"New Pioneering" = Getting more consumers to use the product, teaching what the new feature is about.

Bad or good approach: not telling the consumer what something new is about, e.g. "dry" beer. In some cases, they will try it out of curiousity, poor reasoning, etc. Example: watermelon bubblegum was a big hit in the 1980s.

Progression

Progression on the spiral (or in time?) means fewer people interested in trying product. (Why? Bad product?)

It's not just a spiral... Products can also brand out into new areas i.e. niche pioneering phases.

BRANDS

These came about, the book claims, because wholesalers had power over manufacturers in the 1870s.

Mythology to support status quo?

Product is not the same as brand.

Product is manufactured and changes over time.
vs
Brand is the product of ads and other marketing, it never changes and is in the minds of consumers.

Brands have 2 parts

  1. Rational = content, theme, proportion, promise, visible, speaks to the rational mind.
  2. Emotional = style, tone, character, mood, nonverbal, less visible.

Brand's history is it capital.

LINTAS : Link

(Stands for Levers International Advertising Services.)

This is a method to assess your brand and determine how to improve it.

Expressed as a pyramid.

  1. Creative belief
  2. Equity probe
  3. Strategy & plan
  4. Audit
Audit
  • Learn the market
  • Learn place of a brand in the market and consumers reaction to it.
  • Relative brand comparisons
  • Assess current communications strategies.
Strategy
  • Goals
  • Audience
  • Marketing mix
  • etc
Brand equity probe
Asking what to change to achieve goals.
Creative Belief
  1. Strategy
  2. Desired brand equity
  3. Creative guidelines

Great Brands

Oh, those wacky brands.

They are:

  1. long-term
  2. invasive, i.e. they weasel their way into every crevice of your life
  3. a personality, constantly creative and new
  4. revolutionary to its category, e.g. the Barfintosh reinvigorated computers
  5. emotion-inducing, emotion-tugging
  6. a constantly-told story, never over
  7. relevant to consumers' experiences and aspirations, e.g. cool

Links

Valid HTML 4.01 Transitional


Google ads on this webpage now use Google's interest-based advertising.