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Keywords: biomedical engineering curriculum, biomedical research, biomedical engineering program, |
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MEDICAL DEVICES |
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BOOK RECOMMENDATIONS:
Biomedical Engineering
Medical Instrumentation: Application and Design by John G. Webster, and Principles of Applied Biomedical Instrumentation by Leslie A. Geddes and L. E. Baker are the classical textbooks on medical instrumentation. They describe the principles, applications and design of the medical instrumentation most commonly used in hospitals. These books stress fundamental principles of operation and general types of equipment, but avoid detailed descriptions of the specific circuits and software that implement medical instruments. Design and Development of Medical Electronic Instrumentation by David Prutchi and Michael Norris supplements the classical books by addressing the practical aspects of designing medical instrumentation.
In addition, my favorite books for teaching physiology to engineers are Intermediate Physics for Medicine and Biology by Russell Hobbie and Animal Physiology: Mechanisms and Adaptations by Roger Eckert and David J. Randall. |
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Design of Active Implantable Medical Devices
The best books to learn about the design of active implantable medical devices are Design and Development of Medical Electronic Instrumentation (Chapters VII and VIII), Design of Cardiac Pacemakers by John G. Webster, Low Power Analog CMOS for Cardiac Pacemakers by my friend Fernando Silveira, and Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator by Igor Singer. For the hystorical perspective, consider The Making of the Pacemaker by Wilson Greatbatch. |
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Practical Books Showing Design Examples, Circuits and Software
There aren’t many books that cover the practical aspects of building actual, working medical instruments. The few with a practical approach are: Design and Development of Medical Electronic Instrumentation, Electromyography for Experimentalists by Gerald E. Loeb and Carl Gans, Virtual Bio-Instrumentation: Biomedical, Clinical, and Healthcare Applications in LabVIEW by Jon B. Olansen and Eric Rosow, and Biomedical Telemetry by Stuart McKay. |
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Other Recommended Books for the Biomedical Engineer
Other books that I like include Neuroelectric Systems by Sid Deutch and Evangelia Micheli-Tzanakou (I taught this course at Tel-Aviv University and at Washington University), Understanding the Nervous System: An Engineering Perspective by Sid Deutsch and Alice Deutsch, Biomedical Signal Processing (Vol I and II) by Arnon Cohen, and Muscles Alive: Their Functions Revealed by Electromyography by John Basmajian and Carlo DeLuca. Last, I feel that biomedical engineers should have at least a working knowledge about human anatomy, pharmacology and the language of Medicine. |
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The Impulse Dynamics OPTIMIZERTM II System |
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Disclaimer: The views presented in these pages do not necessarily reflect the views of my past or current employers, collaborators and/or clients. This information is presented for professional informational purposes only and does not supersede original manufacturer’s specifications or constitute medical advice or advertisement. Trademarks and logos belong to their registered owners. |
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The MetaCure TANTALUSTM Device |
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The OPTIMIZER™ II implantable pulse generator is a therapeutic device intended to treat heart failure by delivering Cardiac Contractility Modulation (CCM) signals to the heart muscle during the ventricular absolute refractory period. I joined Impulse Dynamics in 1998. It’s a great place to work at! Click here for patents and publications on the technology CLICK HERE for TV news clip Click here to go to Impulse Dynamics’ home page Caution: Investigational Device, Limited by Federal Law to Investigational Use in the US |
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The MetaCure TANTALUSTM device is a therapeutic implantable device intended to reduce weight without dramatic changes to digestive systems. The device delivers Gastric Contractility Modulation signals through tiny wires leading to the stomach wall. The hoped-for result is that the body will be tricked into feeling full after eating a small amount of food, followed by gradual weight loss. MetaCure is Impulse Dynamics’ sister company. Click here for the abstract of the article on enhancing gastric contractility. Caution: Investigational Device, Limited by Federal Law to Investigational Use in the US |
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Intermedics’ Next-Generation Pacemaker |
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Intermedics’ next-generation pacing platform would have been full of neat features such as: hemodynamic sensing (impedance-based hemodynamic sensor), autocapture (capture verification), autothreshold (self-tuning based on automatic strength-duration curve generation), high-quality digital telemetry, large-volume memory for electrogram storage, non-volatile memory for self-recovery and patient information, advanced noise detection, etc. My favorite feature though was “Patient Alert”. That saddle-shaped electrode marked “44” in the above picture (left) was used to stimulate the patient’s pectoral muscles whenever the pacemaker wanted to alert the patient of a problem (e.g. low battery, fractured lead, etc.). The project was canceled when Guidant purchased Intermedics in 1998. |
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EEG for Gravitational Loss of Consciousness Detector |
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Advances in development of in-flight electrophysiological-based systems such as G-LOC detectors, ECG-synchronized G-suits, and clinical monitors have dictated the need for pasteless electrodes that meet realistic operational demands and are suitable for the cockpit environment. This research was carried out with Dr. Lisa Sagi-Dolev, the head of the Aeromedical R&D Center of the Israeli Air Force. D. Prutchi and A. Sagi-Dolev, "New Technologies for In-Flight Pasteless Bioelectrodes", Aviation, Space and Environmental Medicine, 64(6), 552-556, 1993. [Circuit schematic diagrams available in the book: Design and Development of Medical Electronic Instrumentation] |
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High-Resolution Array Electromyography |
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A high-resolution large-array (HRLA) SEMG system comprising 256 separate channels was developed. SEMG signals are detected by a "bracelet" active electrode array connected to a stack of newly designed biopotential instrumentation amplifiers. A stand-alone data logger acquires and stores the array EMG activity at high sampling rates. A RISC multiprocessor network supports computationally-intensive array signal processing and analysis algorithms. In addition, an improved optoelectronic system for the measurement of human body kinematics has been associated to the HRLA SEMG system to provide the related mechanical characteristics of muscle activity. Analysis results demonstrate that high-resolution muscle fiber conduction velocity histograms can be obtained even from skeletal muscles in which a large number of motor units are simultaneously activated. See: D. Prutchi, "A High-Resolution Large-Array (HRLA) Surface EMG System", Medical Engineering and Physics, 17(6), 1350-4533, 1995. [Circuit schematic diagrams available in the book: Design and Development of Medical Electronic Instrumentation] |
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Functional Neuromuscular Stimulation (FNS) |
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See: A. Sagi-Dolev, D. Prutchi and R.H. Nathan, "3-D Current Density Distributions under Surface Stimulation Electrodes", Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing, 33, 403-408, 1995[Stimulator circuit schematic diagrams available in the book: Design and Development of Medical Electronic Instrumentation] |
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Biomechanics |
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Click here for more information on the technology [Circuit schematic diagrams for EMG amplifiers and other projects are available in the book: Design and Development of Medical Electronic Instrumentation] |
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© 2005 David Prutchi. All rights reserved. |
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© 2005 David Prutchi. All rights reserved. |