Passive noise reduction is the sound reduction achieved by cupping
hands over the ears, or by inserting earplugs into the ears. PNR is
somewhat effective at blocking mid and high frequency sound, but does
not block low frequency sound. Unfortunately, mid and high frequency
sound includes the ranges of human speech, as well as the warning
sounds used to alert of fire, low altitude, and configuration problems
in jet airliners. This means that PNR is somewhat effective in reducing
sounds that airline pilots want to hear clearly. In jet airline
aircraft, low frequency noise is caused by wind, engine vibration,
air-conditioning systems, hydraulic pumps, and other aircraft systems.
PNR is ineffective at reducing sounds that airline pilots flying jets
most want reduced.
PNR headsets feature large ear cups designed to completely enclose the
ear. Ear seal quality is important in these headsets, and both the age
of the headset and other factors such as wearing glasses under the
headset will reduce effectiveness. PNR headsets make it difficult to
hear other crew members unless an intercom is used. Many airline pilots
do not use intercoms for in cockpit communication. PNR headsets would
not be a good choice for pilots because of their limited effectiveness
in reducing the type of noise experienced in jet airline aircraft.