Electric Motor Wire Marking & Connections

Single Phase Connections:                                            (Three Phase--see below)
                          Single Voltage:                                                       

                         Dual Voltage: (Main Winding Only)

                    Dual Voltage: (Main & Auxiliary Winding)

Single Phase Terminal Markings Identified By Color: (NEMA Standards)
        1-Blue            5-Black                            P1-No color assigned
           2-White         6-No color assigned       P2-Brown 
           3-Orange      7-No color assigned 
           4-Yellow        8-Red 

Three Phase Connections:

   Part Winding Start:
                                    6 Leads  NEMA Nomenclature:
                                                  WYE or Delta Connected

                            9 Leads  NEMA Nomenclature   
                                       WYE Connected (low voltage only)

                            12 Leads   NEMA & IEC Nomenclature
                                                   Single Voltage or Low Voltage of Dual-Voltage Motors

Three Phase Motors-Single Speed

                     Nema Nomenclature--6 Leads:

                            Single Voltage--External WYE Connection                

                           Single Voltage--External Delta Connection

                            Single Voltage WYE-Delta Connections

                            Dual Voltage WYE-Delta Connections

                NEMA Nomenclature--9 Leads:
                            Dual Voltage WYE-Connected 

                            Dual Voltage Delta-Connected

                NEMA Nomenclature--12 Leads:
                            Dual Voltage--External WYE Connection

                            Dual Voltage
                                            WYE-Connected Start
                                             Delta-Connected Run 

            IEC Nomenclature--6 & 12 Leads:
                            Single Voltage WYE-Delta Connections                         Single Voltage WYE-Delta Connections                        

                             Dual Voltage WYE-Delta Connections

                            Dual Voltage WYE-Connected Start
                            Delta-Connected Run

            NEMA Nomenclature--6 Leads: 
                            Constant Torque Connection (Low-speed HP is half of high-speed HP)

                                Variable Torque Connection  (Low-speed HP is 1/4 of high-speed HP)

                            Constant Horsepower Connection (HP is the same at both speeds)

                IEC Nomenclature--6 Leads:           
                                        Constant Torque Connection                       

                                        Variable Torque Connection

Identifying Leads of a Nine Lead Three Phase Motor

For the purpose of this project, a lantern battery of six or nine volts works best. Use a DC volt-ohm meter with a 20K ohms per volt DC scale. Battery and voltmeter leads should be properly identified. Alligator clips should be used on both. The motor must be completely assembled. Test the nine leads for continuity with the ohmmeter to determine whether the motor is star (wye) or delta connected. The delta connected motor will possess three sets of three leads with continuity between them. On the other hand, the star connected motor will have only one set of three leads with continuity between them, and three sets of two leads with continuity. Following are specific steps to take when identifying leads of both a star connected and a delta connected motor. Refer to the diagrams on the following page for further details.

Delta Connected Motor:

Using an ohmmeter, identify the three groups of three leads. Separate these groups by tying them with tape. Attach leads to a pair of wires in a group, and observe the voltage drop from each pair of energized leads to the third lead in that group. Continue until a combination is found that gives a voltage drop from each of the energized leads to the third lead equal to one half of the battery voltage. The lead located halfway between the other two will thus be the corner lead of the delta. Repeat this for each group of leads, marking the corner leads #1, #2, and #3.

Next, use the inductive kick test method to identify the proper markings for the other two leads of each group. The two coils #3 & #6 and #3 & #8, acting in parallel, will produce the effect of a coil positioned halfway between the actual position of the two coils. The flux produced by #3 & #6 and #3 & #8 combined, will be perpendicular to the axis of #1 & #4 and #2 & #7. Opening and closing a switch in this circuit will produce a kick in coils #1 & #9 and #2 & #5, but no kick in #1 & #4 and #2 & #7.

Therefore, if the battery is connected from #3 & #6 and #3 & #8 as shown, opening and closing the battery circuit, the voltmeter will identify leads #1, #4, and #9 and can be distinguished by noting the magnitude rather than the polarity. The voltmeter can then be connected to terminal #2 for determination of the leads #5 & #7. Leads #2 to #7 will give little or no deflection, and leads #2 to #5 will give a substantial deflection.

In succession, the battery is then transferred to the corner of #1. Tie the battery between leads #1 & #4 & #9. Making and breaking the circuit will be perpendicular to #3 & #8 and #2 & #5, resulting in no deflection. However, there will be a deflection from leads #2 & #7 and #3 & #6. Placing the battery next on the #2 & #5 and #2 & #7 leads will be perpendicular to #1 & #9 and #3 & #6 leads, therefore creating no deflection. Leads #1 & #4 and #3 & #8 would then have a deflection, thus concluding the lead testing of the nine lead delta connected motor.

Star Connected Motor:

Mark the three leads with continuity, #7, #8, and #9. Clip the battery to the #8 & #9 pair, clipping onto one and flashing the other. Clip the voltmeter to each pair of leads with continuity between them, until a pair is found that produces little to no "kick" or deflection. This pair of leads consists of the #1 & #4 leads. Next, move the battery to the #7 & #8 combination, with the positive lead on the #7 lead and the negative lead to be used for flashing the #8 lead. The voltmeter is so placed on the #1 & #4 pair that an upscale deflection is observed on the "make" of the negative #8 lead. The voltmeter positive lead is then the #1 motor lead, and the negative voltmeter is the #4 motor lead.

Next, move the battery to #7 & #9 leads with the positive lead on the #9 motor lead, and the negative to flash the #7 lead. Identification of the #3 motor lead is then determined by an upscale kick. The positive voltmeter lead should be on this lead, and the negative lead should be on the #6 motor lead. Shift the battery to the #8 & #9 pair, with the positive battery lead on the #8 lead and the negative used for the flashing. An upscale kick will identify the #2 motor lead. The positive voltmeter lead will be found on the #2 lead, and the negative voltmeter lead will be the #5 lead. This concludes the lead testing of the nine lead star connected motor.