Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center at Zvezdnyy Gorodok (Star City)

Korolev Mission Control Center at Podlipk (TsUP)
Military Space Forces - Outer Space Monitoring System (SKKP)

Tracking & Control Stations

NKIK - Ground Command and Measurment Complex (Tracking Facilities for Military Space Forces)
Computing and Coordinating Center (CCC) (Tracking Facilities for TsUP)

Kazakstan Search and Rescue Complex, in Tselinograd and Dzhezkazgan

 

Baykonur Cosmodrome and Test Range

Baykonur Radio Frequencies

Plesetsk Cosmodrome and Test Range

Kasputin Yar Cosmodrome and Test Range

 

LII (Flight Research Institute) - TsAGI & industry flight test center - Buran flight testing

 

These entities are main contractors, sub-contractors, major component suppliers, 
design institutes and production plants. This list excludes most academic 
research institutes and users of space data. Only Russian or Russian owned 
business are listed here. As time passes the list becomes out of date, organizations 
close, merge, etc. Many of the listed entities have been moving to more consumer
industry, so take the list with a grain of salt.
Where Russian names are popularly known they are used otherwise translations are used.

Moscow Region & Korolev (Kaliningrad)

RSA (Russian Space Agency)

Glavkosmos - international trading arm of RSA

Central Aerohydrodynamics Institute (TsAGI)

Agat Enterprise

Moscow Aviation Institute (MAI)

NPO Automation and Instrument Engineering (imeni Pilyugin)

Pilyugin Production Plant - manufacturer for NPO Automation and Instrument Engineering

NII Aviation Equipment

IMBP - Institute of Bio-Medical Problems

NII KhiMMASH

NII Chemical and Civil Engineering

KB Chemical Transport Engineering

AO CryogenMASH

Space Research Institute (IKI) of Russian Academy of Sciences - space probe insturment & mission development

NPAO Elas

NPP Pan Russian Scientific Research Institute of Electromechanical Systems (VNIIEM)

NII Electromechanics

RKK Energia

NII Food Condentrate and Speciallized Food Technology (PP & SPT)

Gagarin Center for Cosmonaut Training (TsPK)

KB Gerneral Engineering (OM)

NPO Geofizika

LII Gromov

KB Chemical Engineeering (KhiMMASH)

NII Thermal Processes (imeni Keldysh)

GKNPTs Khrunichev & KB Salyut

NTTs Komplex

AO Kompozit - materials development

NII Applied Mechanics

GNPP Kvant

NPO Lavochkin - satellite & space probe manufacturer

NPO Machine Building (MASH)

Central Scientific Research Institute for Machine Building (TsNIIMASH)

NPO Molniya - aviation and Buran development

KB Mars

AO Radio Communications (MNIIRS)

AO NPO Nauka

NII Automated Devices (formerly Parachute Design)

NPO Planeta - meteorological systems for statllites

NPO Energomash (Power Engineering)

NII Precision Instruments - small communications satellites

Priroda GTsNII

NII Radio - RF systems for ground stations, data communications systems

AO Radiofizika

TsNII RTC (Robotics & Technical Cybernetics)

Ministry of Defense - Aerospace Search and Rescue Administration

Moscow State Technical University (MSTU)

NITs Space Documentation

NII Space Instrument Engineering

GP NPO Tekhnomash

GO Tekhnotron

NII Television

KB Transport Engineering

CNII OKB Vympel

NPP Zvezda

NPO AIPS

NPO Astra

VIAM (Institute of Aviation Materials)

AO Aviapribor - navigation intsruments

GPO Aviation Systems - Burlak

NII Aviation Technology

Babakin Research Center - space probe instrments

KB Launch Complex Equipment (Barmin KB) - launch pad designers

TsIAM (Aviation Engine Building) - high speed jet engines

NII Biotechnika - spacecraft life support systems

IATAN (Instutite of Control Problems) - automation systems for spacecraft & rockets

COSPAS-SARSAT Rescue Center

VTI (Heat Engineering Institute) - solar power systems

NPO Eksmash - Block-D stage development

NPO Elas - communications equip.

VNIIEM (Electro Mechanics) - Meteor satellites

OKB Fakel - thermo-electric rockets

OKB Gorizont - ground handling systems

NII Instrument Building - computers & radar

Interkosmos

Informkosmos - satellite communications networks

Intersputnik - satellite communications networks

Morsvyazsputnik Enterprise - mobile satellite communications networks

NPO ISTOK - satellite communications components

KB Iskra - solid rockets & escape systems

IPM (Institute of Applied Mathmatics imeni Keldysh) - computation center

Moscow Computer Center - computation center

NPO Krasnaya Zvezda (Red Star) - nuclear power systems

Institute of Atomic Energy imeni Kurchatov - nuclear power systems

Power Engineering Research Institute (ENIN) - solar power components

NPO Kvant - solar power systems

NPO Vils - metallurgy development

TsNIIMash - spacecraft testing and development

NPO Mashinostroyeniye - Defense systems, rocket & spacecraft developer

NII Nauchnyy - space materials processing instruments

NPO Polyot - defense and missile systems (Zenit)

Institute of Radio Enginering & Electronics - satellite & space probe instruments

NPO Rotor - defense and space electronic control systems

NPO Saturn - rocket turbopumps & gas generators

NPO Soyuz - rocket engine research

NII Space Instrument Building - geodetic satellites

SPLAV - space materials processing equipment

NPO Stekloplastik - material development (Energia & Buran)

NPO Vega - radar and microwave systems

Votkinsk Machine Building Plant - SS-20, SS-25 production plant

NPO Zvezda - Aerospace life support systems & ejection systems

Nauchnyy

Crimean Astrophysical Observatory

 

Yekaterinburg

Kalinin Machine Building Plant - rocket propellant systems

KB Start - test facilities and parts production plant

Sverdlovsk Oxygen Machine Building Plant - liquid oxygen plants for launch complexes

Biysk

Biysk Special Chemicals Plant - solid rocket propellant

OKB Nadiradze - solid rocket development

RKK Energia - rocket test site

Krasnoyarsk

NPO Applied Mechanics - communications satellites

KB Reshetnev - satellite design

GP Krasnoyarsk Engineering Plant (KRASMASHZAVOD)

NII Engineering Technology

St. Petersburg

OKB BIOFIZPRIBOR

AO LOMO

NII Monitoring & Control Instruments (KP)

Russian Institute for Radionavigation and Time (RIRV)

Vavilov State Optical Instituite

SKB Analytical Instrument Building

NPO Source - spacecraft batteries

Voronezh

GPO Saturn

KB Khimavotomatiki (Chemical Automatics)- RD-0120, and small rocket engine development

Voronezh Mechanical Plant - rocket engine builder (RD-0120, etc)

NPO Elecronika - Kurs docking system components

Chelyabinsk

NII Germes

KB Makeyev

Orenburg

Orenburg Maching Building Plant - supplier of major missile components and missiles

PO Strela - manufacturing center for NPO Mashinostroyeniye

Perm

NPO Iskra

NII Composite Materials

NPP Aviadvigatel - jet, scramjet, and small rocket engines

RKK Energia - rocket engine test center

Izhevsk

GP Izhevskiy Motozavod

Rostov

OKB Orbita

Obninsk

IEM (Institute of Experimental Meterology) - meterological instruments

Omsk

AKO Polyot - engine manufacturer (RD-170)

Samara

TsSKB (Central Speciallized Design Bureau) -Progress

RKK Energia- associate with TsSKB-Progress

KB Photon - earth sensing satellite equipment

NPO Trud (Kuznetsov KB) - jet engines and NK rockets

Kaluga

NITs Space Systems Engineering

Saratov

NPO Almaz

Tomsk

Institute of Atmospheric Optics

Nizhnyy Novgorod

RKK Energia - prototype production & modification center

Kazan

Opto-Mechanical Production Plant - optical instruments for spacecraft

Baykonur, Kazakstan

RKK Energia - Vibration Test Center

State Commission for Flight Testing of Manned Space Complexes

Interdepartmental Expert Commission on Space

State Committee for Defense Related Industries