The Temple of Artemis (Diana) at Ephesus was built to honor
the Greek goddess of hunting and wild nature. Although the
temple's foundation dates to the seventh century BC, the structure
itself was built around 550BC. The great marble temple, or
temple D, was sponsored by the Lydian king Croesus and designed
by the Greek architect Chersiphron.
In it were bronze statues including four ancient bronze statues
of Amazons. The temple was both a religious institution and
a marketplace. Recent archeological excavations revealed gifts
from pilgrims including gold and ivory statuettes and artifacts
from as far as Persia and India.
Herostratus burned the temple to ground on the night of 21
July 356 BC in an effort to immortalize his name. It was restored
as temple E over the next 20 years,but destroyed by the Goths
in AD 262. St. John Chrysostom tore the temple down in AD
401.
The temple was rectangular, built of marble with a decorated
façade overlooking a spacious courtyard. Marble steps
led to a high terrace approximately 80 m (260 ft) by 130 m
(430 ft) in plan. 127 columns about 20 m (60 ft) high and
decorated with Ionic capitals and carved circular sides,
were aligned orthogonally over the platform area, aside from
the central house of the goddess. There is no evidence whether
or not a statue of the goddess stood in the center of the
sanctuary.