Forensic Assessment Practicum

(Readings marked with * are required for each module; others are suggested for those who wish to pursue the subject matter in greater depth and as an introduction to the professional scholarship in the area.)

These modules are designed to give clinical psychology and psychiatry students an introduction to the basic elements of mental health law and practice and to prepare them for rotation at the Forensic Unit at Utah State Hospital. Many aspects of the specialization, within the time frame allotted, cannot be covered. Other courses are regularly offered in the Department of Psychology and by special arrangement for those interested in pursuing this specialty.

Module 1: Basic ethical, professional and legal issues

*Committee on Ethical Guidelines for Forensic Psychologists. (1991). Specialty guidelines for forensic psychologists. Law and Human Behavior, 15, 655-665.

*Melton, G. B., Petrila, J., Poythress, N.G., & Slobogin, C. (1987). Psychological evaluations for the courts: A handbook for mental health professionals and lawyers. New York: Guilford. Chapter 3: Constitutional, common-law and ethical contours of the evaluation process, Pp. 35-61.

*Perrin, G. I., & Sales, B. D. (1994). Forensic standards in the American Psychological Association's new Ethics Code. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 25, 376-381.

Module 2: Fundamentals of tort law and malpractice

*Golding, S. L. (1994). Introduction to the law of torts and Negotiating the Guantlet of Law, Ethics and Professional Practice. Unpublished materials, to be handed out.

*Monahan, J. (1993). Limiting therapist exposure to Tarasoff liability. American Psychologist, 48, 242-250.

*Utah Code Annotated (1993). Limitation of therapist's duty to warn. §78-14a-102.

*Utah Code Annotated (1993). Child abuse reporting act. §62a-4-502 et seq.

Module 3: Legal and professional aspects of criminal competencies

*Golding, S. L. (1993). Interdisciplinary Fitness Interview - Revised (Training Manual and Interview Procedure). Unpublished monograph.

*Melton, G. B., Petrila, J., Poythress, N.G., & Slobogin, C. (1987). Psychological evaluations for the courts: A handbook for mental health professionals and lawyers. New York: Guilford. Chapter 4: Competency to tand trial, Pp. 65-92; Chapter 5: Other competencies in the criminal process, Pp. 93-110.

*Utah Code (1994) Amendments to §77-15-1 et seq. (Incompetent defedants and Medication of Incompetent defendants)

Anonymous (1967). Incompetency to stand trial. Harvard Law Review, 81, 454-473.

Appelbaum, P., & Grisso, T. (1988). Assessing patients' capacities to consent to treatment. New England Journal of Medicine, 319, 1635-1638.

Ellis, J. W., Luckasson, R. A. (1985). Mentally retarded criminal defendants. George Washington Law Review, 53, 414-493.

Golding, S. L., & Roesch, R. (1988). Competency for adjudication: An international analysis. In D. Weisstub (Ed.), Law and mental health: International perspectives, Vol 4. (pp. 73-109).

Grisso, T. (1986). Evaluating competencies: Forensic assessments and instruments. New York: Plenum. Pp. 62-112.

Heilbrun, K. S. (1987). The assessment of competency for execution: An overview. Behavioral Sciences & the Law, 5, 383-396.

Radelet, M. L., & Barnard, G. W. (1986). Ethics and the psychiatric determination of competency to be executed. Bulletin of the American Academy of Psychiatry & the Law, 14, 37-53.

Roesch, R., Golding, S. L. (1980). Competency to stand trial. Urbana, Ill:University of Illinois Press.

Roesch, R., Golding, S. L. (1986). Amnesia and competency to stand trial: A review of legal and clinical issues. Behavioural Sciences and the Law, 4, 87-97.

Winick, B. J. (1985). Restructuring competency to stand trial. U. C. L. A. Law Review, 32, 921-985.

Module 4: Conceptualizing and evaluating mental state at the time of offense

*Bonnie, R. J. (1983). The moral basis of the insanity defense. American Bar Association Journal, 69, 194-197.

*Golding, S. L., Roesch, R. (1987). The assessment of criminal responsibility:A historical approach to a current controversy. In I. B. Weiner & A. K. Hess (Eds.), Handbook of forensic psychology. New York:Wiley 395-436.

*Melton, G. B., Petrila, J., Poythress, N. G. & Slobogin, C. (1986). Psychological evaluations for the courts: A handbook for mental health professionals and lawyers. New York:Guilford Press. Pp. 111-163.

*Morse, S. J. (1992). The "guilty mind;" Mens rea. In D.K. Kagehiro & W.S. Laufer (Eds.), Handbook of Psychology and Law. New York: Springer-Verlag, 207-229.

Abramowitz, J. (1979). The burden of proof for extreme emotional disturbance and insanity: The deterioration of due process. Temple Law Quarterly, 52, 79-101.

Ake. v. Oklahoma. 53 U.S.L.W. 4179 (February 26, 1985)

American Psychological Association (1984, March). Text of position on insanity defense . APA Monitor 11.

American Psychiatric Association (1983). American Psychiatric Association statement on the insanity defense. American Journal of Psychiatry, 140,81-688.

Anonymous. (1982). Evaluating Michigan's guilty but mentally ill verdict- An empirical study. University of Michigan Journal of Legal Reform, 16, 77-113.

Arenella, P. (1975). The diminished capacity and diminished responsibility defenses: Two children of a doomed marriage. Columbia Law Review, 77, 270-308.

Bazelon, D. L. (1975). A jurist's view of psychiatry. Journal of Psychiatry and the Law, 3, 175-190.

Bonnie, R. J. (1984). Morality, equality, and expertise:Renegotiating the relationship between psychiatry and the criminal law. Bulletin of the American Academy of Psychitry and the Law, 12, 5-20.

Caplan, L. (July 2, 1984). The insanity defense. New Yorker 45 -78.

Clark, C. R. (1982). Clinical limits of expert testimony on diminished capacity. International Journal of Law and Psychiatry, 5, 155-170.

Crotty, H. D. (1923). The history of insanity as a defence to crime in English Criminal Law. California Law Review, 12 , 105-123.

Dix, G. E. (1971). Psychological abnormality as a factor in grading criminal liability: Diminished capacity, diminished responsibility, and the like. Journal of Criminal Law, 62, 313-334.

Ellis, J. W., Luckasson, R. A. (1985). Mentally retarded criminal defendants. George Washington Law Review, 53, 414-493.

Fineberg, K. R. (1980). Toward a new approach to proving culpability:mens rea and the proposed Federal Criminal Code. American Criminal Law Review, 18, 123-141.

Goldstein, J., Katz, J. (1963). Abolish the `insanity defense'- Why not?. Yale Law Journal, 72, 853-876.

Gray, S. H. (1972). The insanity defense: Historical development and contemporary relevance. American Criminal Law Review, 10, 559-585.

Great Britain (1883). Trial of Lunatics Act, 1883. 46 & 47 Victoria, Chpt. 38, 128-129

Gutheil, T. G., Appelbaum, P. S. (1982). Clinical handbook of psychiatry and the law. New York: McGraw-Hill

Guy, W. A. (1869). On insanity and crime -- and on the plea of insanity in criminal cases. Royal Statistical Society (London Journal Series A), 1869, 159-191.

Hamann, C. M. (1966). The confinement and release of persons acquitted by reason of insanity. Harvard Joural on Legislation , 4, 55-100.

Hans, V. P., Slater, D. (1983). John Hinckley, Jr. and the insanity defense: The publics verdict. Public Opinion Quarterly, 47, 193-203.

Hart, H. L. A. (1961). Negligence, Mens Rea and Criminal Responsibility. In A. G. Guest (Ed.), Oxford Essays in Jurisprudence. London:Oxford University Press 29-49.

Hermann, D. H. J. (1983). Assault on the insanity defense: Limitations on the effectiveness and effect of the defense of insanity. Rutgers Law Journal, 14, 241-371.

Hermann, D. H. J. (1983). The insanity defense:Philosphical, historical and legal perspectives. Springfield, Ill:Charles Thomas

Hermann, D. H. J. (1983). Automatic commitment and release of insanity acquittees:Constitutional dimensions. Rutgers Law Journal, 14, 667-682.

Insanity Defense Reform Act of 1984. Public Law 98-473, Sections 401-406

Kahn, M. W. (1971). Murderers who plead insanity: A descriptive factor-analytic study of personality, social, and history variables. Genetic Psychology Monographs, 84, 275-360.

Keilitz, I., Fulton, J. P. (1983). The insanity defense and its alternatives: A guide for policymakers. Williamsburg, Va. :National Center for State Courts

Keilitz, I. (1987). Reforming and researching the insanity defense. Rutgers Law Review, 39, 289-322.

Lewin, T. H. D. (1975). Psychiatric evidence in criminal cases for purposes other than the defense of insanity. Syracuse Law Review, 26, 1051-1115.

Livermore, J. M., Meehl, P. E. (1967). The virtues of M'Naghten. Minnesota Law Review, 51, 789-856.

McGraw, B. D., Farthing-Capowich, D., Keilitz, I. (1985). The "guilty but mentally ill" plea and verdict: Current state of the knowledge. Villanova Law Review, 30, 117-191.

McGraw, B. D., Keilitz, I. (1984). Guilty but mentally ill: A legislative response to the insanity defense. State Court Journal, Summer, 1984, 4-8.

Melton, G. B., Weithorn, L. A., Slobogin, C. (1985). Community mental heal centers and the courts:An evaluation of community-based forensic services. Lincoln, NE.:University of Nebraska Press

Moore, M. S. (1985). Causation and the excuses. California Law Review, 73, 1091-1149.

Morris, N. (1982). Madness and the criminal law. Chicago:University of Chicago Press

Morse, S. J. (1985). Psychology, determinism, and legal responsibility. Nebraska Symposium on Motivation, 1985 35-85.

Morse, S. J. (1985). Excusing the crazy: The insanity defense reconsidered. Southern California Law Review, 58, 777-836.

Morse, S. J. (1978). Crazy behavior, morals, and science: An analysis of Mental Health Law. Southern California Law Review , 51, 527-654.

National Center for State Courts (1984). The 'Guilty But Mentally Ill' Verdict: Current state of the knowledge.. Willaimsburg, Va. :Author

Nissman, D. M., Barnes, B. R., Alpert, G. P. (1980). Beating the insantiy defense. Denying the license tokill. Lexington, Mass.:Lexington Books, D. C. Health and Company,

Platt, A., Diamond, B. L. (1966). The origins of the 'right and wrong' test of criminal responsibility and its subsequent development in the United States: An historical survey. California Law Review, 54, 1227-1260.

Platt, A. M., Diamond, B. L. (1965). The origins and development of the 'wild beast' concept of mental illness and its relation to theories of criminal responsibility. Journal of Historical and Behavioral Science, 1, 355-367.

Pollak, R. (1984). The epilepsy defense. Atlantic, 253, 20-28.

Rachlin, S., Halpern, A. L., Portnow, S L. (1984). The volitional rule, personality disorders and the insanity defense. Psychiatrics Annals, 14, 139-147.

Sarno, G. G. (1985). Admissability of results of computer analysis of defendant's mental state. 37 ALR4th 510

Sayre, F. B. (1931). Mens Rea. Harvard Law Review, 45, 974-1027.

Schmidt, W. C. (1984). Supreme Court decision making on insanity acquittees does not depend on research conducted by the behavioral science community: Jones v. United States. Journal of Psychiatry and Law, Winter, 1984, 507-525.

Sebba, L. (1980). Is mens rea a component of perceived offense seriousness?. Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology, 71, 124-135.

Simon, R. J., Shackelford, W. (1965). The defense of insanity: A survey of legal and psychiatric opinion. Public Opinion Quarterly, 29, 411-424.

Slobogin, C. (1985). The guilty but mentally ill verdict: An idea who time should not have come. George Washington Law Review, 53, 494-527.

Slobogin, C., Melton, G. B., Showalter, C. R. (1984). The feasibility of a brief evaluation of mental state at the time of the offense. Law and Human Behavior, 8, 305-320.

Smith, R. (1980). Scientific thought and the boundary of insanity and criminal responsibility. Psychological Medicine, 10, 15-23.

Smith, R. (1981). Trial by medicine :Insanity and responsibility in Victorian trials. Edinburgh, Scot. :Edinburgh University Press

Smith, R. (1983). Criminal insanity: From a historical point of view. Bulletin of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law, 11, 27-34.

State v. Strasburg. 110 P. 1020 (Sup. Ct. Wash.,1910)

Steadman, H. J., Monahan, J., Hartstone, E. et al. (1982). Mentally disordered offenders. A national survey of patients and facilities. Law and Human Behavior, 6, 31-38.

Stock, H. V., Poythress, N. G. (). Psychologists opinion on competency and sanity: How reliable?. Unpublished paper, Center for Forensic Psychiatry

Stroud, D. A. (1914). Mens rea or imputability under the law of England. London :Sweet & Maxwell

Text of position on insanity defense. APA Monitor 11, (1984, March).

Thornberry, T. P., Jacoby, J. E. (1979). The criminally insane:A community follow-up of mentally ill offenders. Chicago, Ill. :University of Chicago Press

United States v. Lyons. 739 F. 2d 994 (Fifth Cir., 1984)

United States v. Lyons. 731 F. 2d 243 (Fifth Cir., 1984)

United States v. Brawner. 471 F. 2d 969 (D. C. Cir.,1972)

Waldinger, R. J. (1979). Sleep of reason: John P. Gray and the challenge of moral insanity. Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences, 34, 163-179.

Walker, N. (1968). Crime and insanity in England, Vol. I . Edinburgh, Scot. :Edinburgh University Press

Warren v. Harvey. 632 F. 2d 925 (2d Cir., 1980)

Washington v. United States. 390 F 2d 444 (D. C. Cir.,1967)

Weiner, B. A. (1980). Not guilty by reason of insanity: A sane approach. Chicago Kent Law Review, 56, 1057-1085.

Whalem v. United States. 346 F. 2d 812 (D.C. Cir.,1965),cert.denied, 382 U.S. 862 (1965)

Brief Bibliography on Forensic Evaluation Issues

American Academy of Psychiatry and Law. (1987). Ethical guidelines for the practice of forensic psychiatry. American Academy of Psychiatry and Law Newsletter, 12, 16-17.

American Bar Association. Criminal Justice Mental Health Standards. Chicago, Ill. : Author

American Psychiatric Association. (1989). The principles of medical ethics with annotation especially applicable to psychiatry Washington, D. C. : Author [Conveniently reprinted in Simon, Clinical Psychiatry and the Law, 2nd Edition, 1992, Pp. 577-594]

American Psychological Association. (1980). Bibliography on ethics in criminal justice. Who is the client? The ethics of psychological intervention in the criminal justice system Washington, D. C.: Author pp. 154-168.

American Psychological Association. (1978). Report of the task force on the role of psychology in the criminal justice system. American Psychologist, 33, 1099-1113.

Anderten, P., Staulcup, V., & Grisso T. (1980). On being ethical in legal places. Professional Psychology, 11, 764-773.

Appelbaum, P. (1992). Forensic psychiatry: The need for self-regulation. Bulletin of the American Academy of Psychiatry and Law, 20, 153-162.

Appelbaum, P. (1984). Psychiatric ethics in the courtroom. Bulletin of the American Academy of Psychiatry and Law, 12, 225-231.

Appelbaum, P. S. (1990). The parable of the forensic psychiatrist: Ethics and the problem of doing harm. Special Issue: Ethical issues in forensic theory and practice. International Journal of Law & Psychiatry, 13(4), 249-259.

Appelbaum, P. S. (1987). In the wake of Ake: The ethics of expert testimony in an advocate's world. Bulletin of the American Academy of Psychiatry and Law, 15, 15-25.

Appelbaum, P. S. (1986). Competence to be executed: Another conundrum for mental health professionals. Hospital & Community Psychiatry, 37, 682-684.

Appelbaum, P. S. (1984). Hypotheticals, psychiatric testimony, and the death sentence. Bulletin of the American Academy of Psychiaty and the Law, 12, 169-177.

Appelbaum, P. S. (1983). Death, the expert witness, and the dangers of going Barefoot. Hospital and Community Psychiatry, 34, 1003-1004.

Arboleda-Florez, J. (1991). Ethical issues regarding research on prisoners. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 35(1), 1-5.

Arboleda-Florez, J. (1987). Psychiatric ethics in correlational services. International Journal of Offender Therapy & Comparative Criminology, 31, v-ix.

Baker-Jackson, M. et al (1985). Ethical standards for court-connected mediators. Mediation Quarterly, 8, 67-72.

Beck, J. C. (1985). The potentially violent patient and the Tarasoff decision in psychiatric practice Washington, D. C. : American Psychiatric Press, Inc. pp. 1-143.

Berlin, F. S. (1989). The paraphilias and Depo-Provera: Some medical, ethical and legal considerations. Bulletin of the American Academy of Psychiatry & the Law, 17, 233-239.

Bermant, G. (1986). Two conjectures about the issue of expert testimony. Law and Human Behavior, 10, 97-100.

Bersoff, D. N. (1986). Psychologists and the judicial systems: Broader perspectives. Law and Human Behavior, 10, 151-166.

Bonnie, R. J. (1990). Dilemmas in administering the death penalty: Conscientious abstention, professional ethics, and the needs of the legal system. Law & Human Behavior, 14, 67-90.

Bonnie, R. J. (1990). Grounds for professional abstention in capital cases: A reply to Brodsky. Law & Human Behavior, 14, 99-102.

Brodsky, S. L. (1990). Professional ethics and professional morality in the assessment of competence for execution: A response to Bonnie. Law & Human Behavior, 14, 91-97.

Brodsky, S. L. (1980). Ethical issues for psychologists in corrections. In J. Monahan (Ed.), Who is the client? The ethics of psychological intervention in the criminal justice system Washington, D. C. :American Psychological Association pp. 63-92.

Buckhout, R. (1986). Personal values and expert testimony. Law and Human Behavior, 10, 127-144.

Ciccone, J. R., & C. D. Clements. (1984b). The ethical practice of forensic psychiatry: A view from the trenches. Bulletin of the American Academy of Psychiatry and Law, 12, 253-277.

Ciccone, J. R., & C. D. Clements. (1984a). Forensic psychiatry and applied clinical ethics: theory and practice. American Journal of Psychiatry, 141, 395-399.

Clements, C. D., & R. Ciccone. (1984). Ethics and expert witnesses: The troubled role of psychiatrists in court. Bulletin of the American Academy of Psychiatry and Law, 12, 127-136.

Clingempeel, W. G., Mulvey, E., & Reppucci N. D. (1980). A national study of ethical dilemmas of psychologists in the criminal justice system. In J. Monahan (Ed.), Who is the client? The ethics of psychological intervention in the criminal justice system Washington, D. C. :American Psychological Association pp. 126-153.

Dix, G. E. (1980). Clinical evaluation of the 'dangerousness' of 'normal' criminal defendants. Virginia Law Review, 66, 523-581.

Dix, G. E. (1977). The death penalty, 'dangerousness', psychiatric testimony and professional ethics. American Journal of Criminal Law, 5, 151-214.

Eisner, D. A. (1985). The forensic psychologist as expert witness: Satisfying requirements for qualifications, psychological evaluation and opinions. American Journal of Forensic Psychology, 3, 19-27.

Ellard, J. (1989). The dangerousness of psychiatrists. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 23, 169-175.

Evans, D. R. (1987). The psychologist as an expert witness in civil and criminal litigation. Canadian Psychology, 28, 274-279.

Ewing, C. P. (1987). Diagnosing and treating "insanity" on death row: Legal and ethical perspectives. Behavioral Sciences and the Law, 5, 175-186.

Fersch, E. A. (1980). Ethical issues for psychologists in court settings. In J. Monahan (Ed.), Who is the client? Washington, D. C.:American Psychological Association pp. 43-62. Fiske, D. W. (1966). Some hypotheses concerning test adequacy. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 26, 69-88.

Freedman, B. (1981). Competency, marginal and otherwise- Concepts and ethics. International Journal of Law and Psychiatry, 4, 53-72.

Golding, S. L. (1992). Increasing the reliability, validity and relevance of expert psychological evidence: An introduction to the Special Section on Expert Evidence. Law and Human Behavior, 16, 253-256.

Goldman, A. H. (1986). Cognitive psychologists as expert witnesses: A problem in professional ethics. Law and Human Behavior, 10, 15-28.

Goldstein, R. L. (1987). Hiring the hired gun: Lawyers and their psychiatric experts. Legal Studies Forum, 11, 41-53.

Grisso, T. (1990). Forensic evaluations and the fourth estate. Forensic Reports, 3(4), 427-437.

Grisso, T. (1987). The economic and scientific future of forensic psychological assessment. American Psychologist, 42, 831-840.

Gurevitz, H. (1977). Tarasoff: protective privilege versus public peril. American Journal of Psychiatry, 134, 289-292.

Haddad, L. K. (1985). Predicting the supreme court's response to the criticism of psychiatric predictions of dangerousness in civil commitment proceedings. Nebraska Law Review, 64, 215-247.

Haines, H. (1989). Primum non nocere : Chemical execution and the limits of medical social control. Social Problems, 36, 442-454.

Halleck, S. L. (1984). The ethical delimemmas of forensic psychiatry: A utilitarian approach. Bulletin of the American Academy of Psychiatry and Law, 12, 279-288.

Hastie, R. (1986). Notes on the psychologist as expert witness. Law and Human Behavior, 10, 79-82.

Heilbrun, K. S. (1987). The assessment of competency for execution: An overview. Behavioral Sciences & the Law, 5, 383-396.

Heilbrun, K.S., Rosenfield, B., Warren, J., & Collins, S. (1994). The use of third-party information in forensic assessments: A two-state comparison. Bulletin of the American Academy of Psychiatry and Law, 22, 399-406.

Hoffman, P. B. (1981). Mental health professionals in the legal process: A plea for rational applications of the clinical method. Law and Psychology Review, 6, 21-48.

Hollien, H. (1990). The expert witness: Ethics and responsibilities. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 35(6), 1414-1423.

Horgan, D. D. (1989). Unexpected advocacy and the personal characteristics of experts: A brief note. Forensic Reports, 2, 163-171.

Janocko, K. M., & Lee, S. S. (1988). Ethical implications of deinstitutionalization and moves of the institutionalized elderly. Professional Psychology: Research & Practice, 19, 522-526.

Kargon, R. (1986). Expert testimony in historical perspective. Law and Human Behavior, 10, 1-14.

Kermani, E. J., & Kantor, J. E. (1994). Psychiatry and the death penalty: The landmark Supreme Court cases and their ethical implications for the profession. Bulletin of the American Academy of Psychiatry and Law, 22, 95-108.

Konecni, V. J., & E. B. Ebbesen. (1986). Courtroom testimony by psychologists on eyewitness identification issues: Critical notes and reflections. Law and Human Behavior, 10, 117-126.

Kreutzer, J. S., Harris, M. J., & Myers, S. L. (1990). Neuropsychological issues in litigation following traumatic brain injury. Special Section: Forensic legal medical issues of neuropsychology. Neuropsychology, 4(4), 249-259.

LaCalle, J. J. (1987). Forensic psychological evaluations through an interpreter: Legal and ethical issues. American Journal of Forensic Psychology, 5, 29-43.

Lempert, R. O. (1986). Social sciences in court: On "Eyewitness experts". Law and Human Behavior, 10, 167-182.

Levenson, J. L. (1986-1987). Psychiatric commitment and involuntary hospitalization: An ethical perspective. Psychiatric Quarterly, 58, 106-112.

Liss, M. B., & L. E. Weinberger. (1983). Psychologists knowledge of mental health laws, or I didn't know I was legally responsible for.. Paper presented: American Psychology-Law Society Chicago Illinois, October 6-8, 1983

Loftus, E. F. (1986). Experimental psychologist as advocate or impartial educator. Law and Human Behavior, 10, 63-78.

Mann, P. A. (1980). Ethical issues for psychologists in police agencies. In J. Monahan (Ed.), Who is the client? The ethics of psychological intervention in the justice system Washington, D. C. American Psychological Association pp. 18-42.

McClarren, G. M. (1987). The psychiatric duty to warn: walking a tightrope of uncertainty. University of Cincinnati Law Review, 56, 269-293.

Melella, J. T., Travin, S., & Cullen, K. (1989). Legal and ethical issues in the use of antiandrogens in treating sex offenders. Bulletin of the American Academy of Psychiatry & the Law, 17, 223-232.

Monahan, J. (1980). Who is the client? The ethics of psychological intervention in the crimninal justice system Washington, D. C.:American Psychological Association

Morse, S. J. (1985). Excusing the crazy: The insanity defense reconsidered. Southern California Law Review, 58, 777-836.

Mossman, D. (1987). Assessing and restoring competency to be executed: Should psychiatrists participate? Behavioral Sciences & the Law, 5, 397-409.

Myers, C. J. (1985). An alternative approach to writing forensic mental health reports. Journal of Psychiatry and Law, 13, 397-418.

National Center for State Courts. (1986). Guidelines for involuntary civil commitment. Mental and Physical Disabilities Law Reporter, 10, 409-513.

Ochroch, R. (1990). Legal and psychological competency: Issues in clinical assessment of the elderly. Forensic Reports, 3(1), 91-105.

Overholser, J. C. (1987). Ethical issues in prison research: A risk/benefit analysis. Behavioral Sciences and the Law, 5, 187-202.

Pachella, R. (1986). Personal values and the value of expert testimony. Law and Human Behavior, 10, 145-150.

Poythress, N. G. (1983). Judicial preference regarding expert testimony. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 10, 175-194.

Poythress, N. G. (1980). Coping on the witness stand: Response to "learned treatises. Professional Psychology, 11, 139-149.

Poythress, N. G. (1979). A proposal for training in forensic psychology. American Psychologist, 34, 612-621.

Radelet, M. L., & Barnard, G. W. (1988). Treating those found incompetent for execution: Ethical chaos with only one solution. Bulletin of the American Academy of Psychiatry & the Law, 16, 297-308.

Radelet, M. L., & Barnard, G. W. (1986). Ethics and the psychiatric determination of competency to be executed. Bulletin of the American Academy of Psychiatry & the Law, 14, 37-53.

Rappaport, J., Lamiell, J., & Seidman, E. (1980). Ethical issues for psychologists in the juvenile justice system: Know and tell. In J. Monahan (Ed.), Who is the Client? The Ethics of Psychological Intervention in the Criminal Justice System. Washington, D.C.: APA, 93-125.

Rappeport, J. (1981). Ethics and forensic psychiatry. In S. Bloch & P. Chodoff (Eds.), Psychiatric ethics Oxford : Oxford University Press pp. 255-276.

Resnick, P. J. (1986). Perceptions of psychiatric testimony: A historical perspective on the hysterical invective. Bulletin of the American Academy of Psychiatry and Law, 14, 203-219.

Robinson, D. N. (1974). Harm, offense, and nuisance : Some first steps in the establishment of an ethics of treatment. American Psychologist, 20, 233-238.

Rogers, R. (1987). Ethical dilemmas in forensic evaluations. Behavioral Sciences and the Law, 5, 149-160.

Sadoff, R. L. (1988). Ethical issues in forensic psychiatry. Psychiatric Annals, 18, 320-323.

Sadoff, R. L. (1984). Practical ethical problems of the forensic psychiatrist in dealing with attorneys. Bulletin of the American Academy of Psychiatry and Law, 12, 243-252.

Sadoff, R. L., & M. L. Perlin. (1982). Ethical issues in the representation of individuals in the commitment process. Law and Contemporary Problems, 45, 161-192.

Saks, M. J. (1976). The limits of scientific jury selection: Ethical and empirical. Jurimetrics Journal, 3, 3, 17-22.

Salter, D. S. (1987). The duty to warn third parties: A retrospective on Tarasoff. Rutgers Law Journal, 18, 145-164.

Shapiro, D. L. (1988). Ethical constraints in forensic settings: Understanding the limits of our expertise. Psychotherapy in Private Practice, 6, 71-86.

Shapiro, D. L. (1984). Constitutional issues in forensic psychology: Estelle v. Smith, the "government doctors," and legal constraints on psychological examinations. American Journal of Forensic Psychology, 2, 55-59.

Shore, M. F., & S. E. Golann. (1970). Current ethical issues in mental health. National Institute of Mental Health, National Clearinghouse for Mental Health Information, Rockville, Maryland, 1970

Showalter, C. R. (1990). Psychiatric participation in capital sentencing procedures: Ethical considerations. Special Issue: Ethical issues in forensic theory and practice. International Journal of Law & Psychiatry, 13(4), 261-280.

Slovenko, R. (1987). The lawyer and the forensic expert:Boundaries of ethical practice. Behavioral Sciences and the Law, 5, 119-148.

Stone, A. A. (1984). The ethical boundaries of forensic psychiatry: A view from the ivory tower. Bulletin of the American Academy of Psychiatry and Law, 12, 209-219.

Van den Haag, E., & T. Litwack. (1984). The insanity defense: An exchange. Criminal Justice Ethics, 3, 3-26.

Wallace, D. H. (1992). The need to commute the death sentence: Competency for execution and ethical dilemmas for mental health professionals. International Journal of Law and Psychiatry, 15, 317-337.

Wasyliw, O. E., Cavanaugh, J. L., & Rogers R. (1985). Beyond the scientific limits of expert testimony. Bulletin of the American Academy of Psychiatry and Law, 13, 147-158.

Weiner, B. A. (1984). Ethical issues in forensic psychiatry: From an attorney's perspective. Bulletin of the American Academy of Psychiatry and Law, 12, 253-261.

Weiner, I. B. (1985). Preparing forensic reports and testimony. Clinical Psychologist, 38, 78-80.

Weinstein, H. C. (1984). How should forensic psychiatry police itself? Guidelines and grievances: The AAPL Committee on Ethics. Bulletin of the American Academy of Psychiatry and Law, 12, 289-302.

Weinstein, J. B. (1986). Improving expert testimony. University of Richmond Law Review, 20, 473-497.

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