Mistakes!!!

Up Progress Who, What, Where Tips & Ideas Mistakes!!! Soap Box & Equipment Hours of Effort

 

No judging required here!  Just my bone-head mistakes, which hopefully, forewarned, you will be forearmed.

Mistake - Think about where and if you use "permanent" thread locker, 8/2/04.  Many of the screws and bolts on the servo that I had to install were set with the thread locker shown.  It says "High Strength" on the tube, but I'm pretty sure that it said permanent somewhere on the packaging...  The little hex cap screw shown holding the servo stop will not come out with a wrench.  I fear it may not come out with a vice grip either.  I've decided that nothing bolt-wise is permanent on an airplane to allow for maintenance, and besides, you check everything annually.
Mistake - Installing the NACA Vents, 4/27/04.  I went out to the garage to check what the manual actually says about these vents and couldn't find it.  But I remember reading that ProSeal was a good bonding agent (it's recommended almost everywhere in the RV), and that rivets could be supplemented if desired.  I wasn't worried about strength, I used the rivets just as an easy method to hold the vent in place while the sealant cured.  If you use rivets for this purpose, get some that are "dead soft".  My A&P buddy says he bought some at a hardware store once...  If you can't find them and use the 3s in the kit, and just set them enough with a backing plate (shown) to keep them from moving.  If you still crack your plastic vent, I used some 3 oz. fiberglass cloth, as shown, and will figure out how to fix the cosmetics of the outward facing side later!

Building airplanes is best done uninterrupted, 6/26/03.  I had positioned the F-716-R outboard seat rib bolted and clecoed to the bulkhead to which the rear wing spar bolts.  I wanted to mark through the prepunched holes on the bottom skin onto the flange of the F-716-R, so I could flute between the holes for the curve in the side fuselage skins.  After fluting, I drew the centerline on the flange for the rivet line.  You can see both of these in the top picture.  I did this a couple of months ago it seems.  It's the end of June and I've managed a whole 11 hours because of other commitments.  (June last year was a bad progress month as well.)  Last night after I finished with the right step and some other final drilling on the center fuselage, I started drilling and clecoing through the prepunched bottom skin into the unpunched F-716-R using the dots to drill on, thinking they were the center of the flange!  As you can see from the bottom picture, they are not the center of the rib flange.  It struck me that this was going pretty easy since I had to have my wife Connie push out on the F-716-L to line up the prepunched bottom skin holes with the centerline on that flange while I drilled/clecoed, and I wondered (better than half way through) what if I was off base, so I looked!  Sh*t!  Crimmeny!  Dan Checkoway is going gang busters and I can't seem to get out of June.  I ordered a new rib last night and will continue with the forward fuselage until it arrives.  Makes notes in your manual.  Use a marker pen on the parts.  Whatever it takes to help counteract the effects of a busy life and an imperfect memory (or in my case - a pea brain).
Flap to Aileron Gap, 1/19/03.  I thought I had this perfect.  All the claps, etc. are to hold things in place while I (working alone) drill that first holes through the flap hinge.  I had measured and found that if I went to the rivet-edge limit, I could have my flap trailing edge line up perfectly with the aileron.  By the way, I'm talking about the rivet edge limit called out in all the reference books I have - twice the diameter of the rivet plus 0.03, not the 3/16" specified on the plans.  So I drill and set the hinge onto the flap brace and then reposition the flap and low and behold, to maintain that 3/16" plus 0.03, I now have a 0.024" gap, as shown by the feeler gage.  Damn!  But, I have to go with structural integrity and live with the gap, which I suspect will be visible.  I know it will to me!  So after I drill the hinge to the flap skin/spar and remove my jigs, I realize (cuz I'm looking closely at that damn gap, that the flap has a larger radius on the trailing edge than does the aileron.  I'm happy with my ailerons.  There's no bowing/distortion at the trailing edge between the skin stiffeners, so the radius is perfect as far as I'm concerned.  Then I realize, that I've got some leeway of the flap.  If I put it in my brake (and I need to look closely at it when I take it apart to finish the skins and rivet it together) I can decrease the radius to more closely match the ailerons, which will lengthen the flap!  Maybe by 0.024"!

I didn't think the plans were real clear on the positioning of the flap, other than the 1/4" gap and inline trailing edge, so I asked Van's.  Turns out the flap is set after the aileron is set to it's final position.  See "Tips" page for some notes on the aileron hinge.   

Wing Plumbing Considerations, 1/11/03.  The red arrow shows an empty hole.  That was where I had planned to run my marker beacon coaxial.  When I started working on the wings, I naively assumed that the bell cranks would come no closer to the main spar than the 'bottom' of the lightening hole in the main ribs.  Duh!  Sure, that's true of the push-pull from the stick, but not the push-pull to the aileron!  Shown in the photo is the forward-most travel of the bell crank, i.e. full up aileron.  As you can see it comes about 3/8" from the spar (when adjusted for camera angle).  So, I had to drill a new hole for a snap bushings to keep clear of the bell crank.  The plans call for a maximum of 32 degrees of up aileron.  I'm getting 31.8 without the specified stop installed.  That's because the bolt head that attaches the aileron hinge to the aileron closest to the pivot point is hitting the wing aileron hinge at that point.  I'll probably set the spec'd stop at something less than 31.8 to keep that bolt from also being a stop.
Rivet Gun Designs that Have Stood the Test of Time [and don't need your meddling!], 12/1/02.  A number of places require the use of an offset rivet set (shown).  From the beginning I had trouble controlling the gun with this set.  It seemed to want to spin around.  To give myself some 'control', I duct taped the set to the beehive spring to combat my problem.  It worked for that but after spending a couple of grueling hours riveting the main wing ribs to the main spar, it occurred to me the next morning as I awoke (my best 'insight' time-of-day) that it was taking far too long to set those rivets!  And the only reason (since in a 'practice' session with a straight set-no tape a 4 rivet sets pretty fast) that the duct tape was not allowing the full 65# air-pressure impact to go to the rivet.  So, I took the tape off, and practiced on a 2x4.  With just a little practice, you can get the feel of the gun/angle with the offset so that you can easily hold the gun square to the rivet head without the gun wanting to rotate around the set.
The Full Monty, 10/27/02.  I couldn't escape it, I had to get 'The Full Building Experience'.  One of my fuel tanks lost pressure fast and the culprit spewing big bubbles when sprayed with a soapy solution was the BNC connector for the capacitance fuel level senders.  I had read about this technique on the web and it seems to have merit.  Shown in the picture is the hookup.  I've yet to use it, so if the experience is different than what I expect to have happen, I'll amend this item.  I must have missed some part of the BNC connector on the inside with Pro Seal the first time around, so I'll clean the area with some MEK, whip up a small batch of Pro Seal and thin it with some MEK, then using some latex gloves, I'll smear the inside of the BNC connector, while my shop vac is trying to suck the thinned Pro Seal through the place where it's leaking (that's the goal) and fill all possible voids with Pro Seal.  After about 10 minutes on the vac, I'll apply a coat of regular strength pro Seal and giver the vac another 5 minutes to pull that in.  My attraction toward symmetry is strong enough that it overpowered my fear that this technique wouldn't work.  So, I Pro Sealed a new cork gasket in place, just like the other tank.

Two days later I set up the pressure test and it passed all seams - no leaks!  Yahoo!! 

Scarfing Lessons, 10/19/02.  #1 - If you're not going practice making a scarf joint where the main skins overlap and butt against the trailing edge of the fuel tank, for Gods' sake don't do your top wing skins first! 

I drew a line from the point on the leading edge where the skins overlap to a point about 5" back.  I took the "fine" side of my Vixen file and taped a thin (1/16") nylon skim on the end.  Since I still had the protective 'blue' plastic on most of the skin, rubbing the nylon skim/tape across it did not seem to do it any harm, and that seemed to give me a good angle to create the scarf.  I was lucky with the inboard, or 'overlapped' skin, with this technique.  I filed across the scarf area until I started removing material next to the line.  This ended up giving me a progressively thinner edge up to the front, but not paper thin. There was still substance there.  I got lucky on the first pass.  when I tried the same thing on the outboard (overlapping, and therefore visible) skin, I lock my focus into filing up to that drawn line and not monitoring the thickness of the edge.  That was mistake #3.  Mistake #2 I had already made, but it did not manifest itself until in concert with #3.  That is, I was filing (cutting) into the edge of the sheet, a sheet that was getting thinner and with less strength.  Proper technique here would be to file/cut out toward the edge of the sheet.  Anyway, I cringed when the file grabbed the edge of the sheet and I heard the snap of thin metal breaking off.  But it was too late then.  I sanded the skin rounded and got rid of the sharp edge as shown in the 2nd picture and moved on. 

Aileron Bell Cranks, 10/16/02.  This is also a tip, so I'll start there.  The bushings are probably cut too long.  The manual says to shorten the bushing or the bell crank as need to achieve a bushing that is 1/64" to 1/32" longer than the bell crank.  The net result is that the bushing is squeezed between the bell crank brackets and held immobile, so the bell crank slides against the bushing, not the bushing against the bolt.  I started by polishing the excess powder coat off of the ends of the barrel of the bell crank.  I didn't go down to the steel - just the excess lip.  Now, how to shorten the bushing a little at a time and keep the face 90 degrees to the barrel.  As shown in the picture, I took a scrape of oak and drilled a hole in the drill press just large enough for the bushing to fit through.  Then I clamped the fine side of the Vixen file up on the bench and ended up with kind of a plane device.

Now the mistake.  I found that both bell cranks needed to have the inside of their barrel polished, either because of excess powder coat or slag from the welding process.  I took a piece of 5/16" wood dowel and cut a 1" slot in the end like the string set on an arrow.  Take a 1" strip of 400 grit sand paper, put a 1/2" into the slot and wrap the rest around the dowel.  Make the length of the strip sufficient to form a snug fit when the dowel is spun into the barrel.  Put the other end of the dowel in a hand held drill chuck and you're ready to polish the inside of that barrel.  The mistake I made was simply 'blowing' the sanding debris out of the barrel without cleaning it with a paper towel.  When I bolted the assembly onto the spar it was initially a little 'stiff' and I thought working it back and forth would loosen it up, but there must have been a piece of debris between the barrel and the bushing and it apparently worked it's way to a point where there was very little clearance and progressively jammed the bell crank.  I hesitate to say that I could not move it, but it was damned tight.  I think it is unlikely that a builder could assemble the bell crank and not have this condition manifest itself before his or her first flight.  That said, unlikely things are what gets us killed!  Polish that barrel, clean it well and sight it to a good light source like the bore of a gun to make sure it is CLEAN! 

Assembling the Wing Skeleton, 10/2/02.  The second paragraph of this section on page 7-3 contains these directions: "However, two W-709 ribs just outboard of the tiedown require two new rivet holes (one near the top, the other near the bottom).  Somehow I had missed this and all I had to do was drill them with a 12" long #30 bit, take the leading edge off and deburr the holes.  With this experience behind me, it would seem reasonable to advise making sure that all holes are drilled and aligned in any structure before beginning to rivet it in place.
Riveting Refresher, 9/29/02.  Since it seems the  building process is relatively short periods of intense riveting followed by long periods of preparation for the above, I would advise that riveting sessions start with an actual practice session to refresh technique and communications.  One of my riveting buddies and I did a leading edge and I saw some marks around the rivets.  There seemed to be something on the face of the rivet set that wouldn't come off with Windex (my GP cleaner), so I swapped the Scotch-Bright for the buffing wheel, and with a little red rouge, polished it clean.  That didn't fix the problem though.  But the face of the set was a virtual mirror and the shop heads were being formed just fine, so we finished that leading edge.  All those marks bothered me and it wasn't until the next morning when I woke up that a comment John had made that I had not processed properly hit home.  He had noted that he wasn't "needing" to hold very much pressure on the bucking bar - just letting the bar hammer it set.  If you look at the picture, you'll see the marks on the skin are to the left of the rivet and straight up and down.  This is the location of the rib web!  Without firm pressure being applied with the bucking bar, much of the rivet guns blow was riveting the skin over it's "bucking bar" the web of the rib!  When my A&P buddy gave me some riveting tips at the start of this project, he said that both bucker and riveter have to be pressing against the rivet with good force and it's the riveter's responsibility to push the manufactured head flush before hitting the trigger. 
"16,000 Rivet Pickup", 9/28/02.  I'm sure I saw this tip somewhere, but I thought I was generally immune to clumsiness, and I am "generally".  But this is not the first entry on this page, and try as I might, I doubt it will be the last.  TIP: Only keep a reasonably small quantity of rivets "at hand" for riveting.  I suppose sooner or later most people will clip the edge of the tray picking up the cleco pliers and flip the tray onto the floor.  That would be the left-hand tray in the picture that I flipped.  If you put all of your AN426AD3-3.5 rivets into a tray and use them out of that tray, you're asking for trouble.  It's amazing how far those little guys will bounce!  What I looked for was something with low walls so that I'd be less likely to 'clip' it during work and heavy with non-skid feet, so it'd take a serious push to move it (off the edge of the bench for example).  Half a plastic container that some electricians tape came in was not heavy, but with the addition of some rubber feet it met the other two goals.
Aileron Push-Pull Tubes - W-716, 9/21/02.  Do NOT cut these to length with a tubing cutter.  Use a hacksaw.  Even after you file off the burr left by the cutting wheel, the cutter seems to slightly flair the end inward.  The VA-111 threaded inserts are (as shipped) too tight to be inserted except probably by pounding them in.  This would seem to preclude deburring the holes drilled for the blind rivets to attached them to the W-716 tubes.  According to Van's: "The end is a tight fit in the tube, but you should polish it until it can be removed for deburring once it is drilled."  If you cut the W-716 with a tubing cutter, even after you remove the burr and polish the inside lip, I found that the immediate opening was not indicative of the inside diameter just an 1/8" in.  So, if you cut with a hack saw, you won't compress/deform the tube and you'll get a better, consistent slip fit after you've polished the outside of the VA-111, which is the thing to do since there's more material compared to the thickness of the tubing wall.

To maintain the shape of the VA-111 and get an even polish job, I screwed it onto a bolt that I had cut off the head and chucked into a battery powered hand drill that runs at a slow speed and then took it to the scotch-bright wheel.

Aileron Push-Pull Tubes - W-716, 9/24/02.  Do NOT cut these to length with a tubing cutter!!!   The one end that I cut with the tubing cutter would simply not go in and I didn't want the scratch the hell out of it, so I slid it in from the other end.  It went OK.  I drilled and deburred everything and then I etched and alodined it all, inside and out.  The next day when I wanted to rivet the VA-111s onto the W-716s.  I tried once again to get that one VA-111 to fit from the outside.  It would not go, but I knew I had it in from the other end and I figured alodine didn't build up, but I was wrong.  Once part way in from the other more open end, it didn't slide as well as yesterday.  I used a broom stick handle to help 'tap' it through, but that only jammed it in.  Finally after beating he living hell out of it with the boom stick, it was jammed about half way.  I was really torqued and angry with myself.  I knew the tube and fitting were undoubtedly scratched to hell and back, and any further effort to move the VA-111 to it's proper station was a waste of time.  But I had also (not one of my better evenings in the shop) left a rod end bearing on the VA-111 when I sent it on it's little journey, so I got out the tubing cutter one more time to retrieve the rod end bearing.  The VA-111s fit the other tube fine and I riveted them (with MEK washed rivets and latex gloves - no oils) and hung them in the paint booth for tomorrow.

Also yesterday, after I drilled these fittings,  I marked the tube and the VA-111 with a punch to know not only which VA-111 went with what set of holes, but in which of the 6 possible rotational alignments.  For example, VA-111 in right hand, W-716 in left, pick any of the six holes and put a punch mark, say above the hole on both pieces, then for the next fitting/tube end to the left of the hole, then below and finally to the right.   One punch is all you need if you make them relative to a hole like this.  I didn't put any punches in the steel push-pull tubes, but I did make a single mark on the tube and the threads on the insert with a permanent marker in line with one of the holes.  This way after I prime the inside of the tube, I'll certainly have to tap the insert in, but I won't have to rotate it once it is in, if I guessed wrong about the rivet hole orientation!  

Dimple BEFORE you prime, 9/13/02.  Forgot to put these dimples in and thought I might be able to get away with it since the primer had cured for a couple of weeks.  But the pressure of the dimple dies in the pneumatic squeezer just bubbled up the primer.  It was clear it wasn't bonded to the aluminum any longer, so I scraped it away to be redone.
Jesus Help Me!, 9/12/02.  When I started this project my practice rounds with rivets proved troublesome. And it hasn't stopped yet!  Especially with the 4 rivets.  You're looking at a rivet line on an aileron hinge.  They came from Van's already riveted together, which precluded priming the inner surfaces.  And a couple of rivets had their tails driven so that you could still see the hole, which my thinking was "if you're not going to do it right, don't bother."  Pretty haughty thinking for someone who drove the middle rivet almost a year into the project!  Anyway, my defense is that I haven't driven many 4's lately and I can't say I ever really got the hang of it.  But I think what got me into trouble was concentrating my eyes on the tail to keep the bucking bar 90 degrees to it.  I thought keeping pressure on the gun with the cupped head would keep it centered - WRONG!

Here's what's worked better since: Keep my eyes on the gun.  Keep it centered on the rivet and 90 degrees to the surface.  Start out with the bucking bar set at 90 degrees; do a short burst, stop and check alignment, etc.  I was scanning the Avery catalog ordering some extra tools, when I happened by an old riveting trick: (I'll be doing this from now on.) Put one or two pieces of masking tape on the end of the set (sticky side into the cupping) and this will usually help cushion and protect the rivet head.  

A-409 (aircraft grade galvanized water pipe)  & A-802PP, 7/18/02.  Here's my mistake - I blindly followed directions without considering how doing so could screw me up.  The construction manual says to drill and cleco the aileron ribs to the spar and the A-409 counterbalance to the ribs.  #1 - Don't drill the leading edge aileron rib tabs to the A-409 until you're sure that the gap between the A-409 and the leading edge skin is nil!   #2 - Having made that mistake, you surely wouldn't want to compound it like I did by drilling the skin to the ribs as well!

Here's why: As you can clearly see in the larger picture, I have almost a 1/16” gap between the skin and the pipe.  Left uncorrected, the blind rivets applying the leading edge skin to the A-409 would surely look like hell!  There are apparently two ways to correct it.  Gus at Van's says to bend the tabs on the ribs forward to push the pipe next to the skin, and while I'm sure that would work if the tabs weren't already drilled, I'm also pretty sure the same problem arises with that method as with my chosen method - shimming.  In either case, if the holes are already drilled in the tabs, moving them out away from the pipe by shimming will put them on the circumference of a slightly larger circle, and as you can easily prove to yourself with a slightly exaggerated sketch, as positions (holes) move out on the radials from the center of a circle, the distance between them increases.  Bottom line here is once the holes are drilled, they will not line up when a shim is placed between them!  So, do not drill them until you are sure that the A-409 will be placed next to the leading edge skin.  What I'd suggest is drill/cleco the ribs to the spar, and then cleco the skin to the spar.  Then take those little cleco clamps that came with your Avery tool kit and clamp the skin to the rib flange, which is ninety degrees to the web, right?  Now, slide in the A-409 enough to check the spacing.  I found that a 0.032" shim worked very well.  Drill the ribs to the pipe with the appropriate shims in place.  You're going to need to temporarily rivet the A-409 to the ribs with some soft aluminum hardware store pop rivets to hold it's orientation while you drill the skin to the ribs and the A-409. 

A-409, A-404, A-802PP - Screw up #2, 7/18/02.  If you're not happy with a single mistake and you drill the skin to the A-404 ribs before you've verified the A-802PP will be close enough set good rivets in the A-409, now you've got the additional problem having to drill a new set holes into the A-409 through the holes you already have in the rib tabs and the shims you'll discover you need to add and do it exactly so that the skin/rib holes line up!

Here's what I did - I took a hose clamp, but because there's a radius between the rib flange and it's web, when you add the shim, the hose clamp won't provide a positive stop to align the rib web in the exact plane it was for the 'old' set of holes.  So I added some pieces of air hose so that the hose clamp is high enough off the surface of the pipe so that once shimmed, the web of the rib is still right where you want it.  So, put some clecos in the 'old' rib tab holes into the A-409 (the ones that match perfectly with the holes drilled into the rib flange through the prepunched holes in the skin.  Now, clamp your hose clamp with rubber spacers against the web of the rib.  Take out the clecos, position your new shims and rotate the rib so that brand new holes (don't overlap the 'old' ones) are drilled through the A-409.  Make sure the rib web is against the hose clamp and drill your 'new' holes.  Make sure that before you drill the new holes for the other rib that both ribs are clecoed to the spar and that the spar is held flat with no twist in it.  Better yet, don't let it get this far. 

Think about both holes of the nut plate, 3/10/02.   Here, I managed to outfox myself.  The holes that attach the aileron bell crank brackets to the main spar are prepunched and spaced such that the holes you drill through the tie down spacer (left) and the tie down bracket (right), are closer to one edge than the other.  This places the one countersunk rivet quite close to the edge of the spacer.  Too close in my estimation, so figuring I had plenty of room and no reason not to offset it a little, I did so, as shown on the set of holes slanting upper-left to bottom-right through the #12 hole above my thumb.  As you can see, I didn't consider the other hole, the one that came too close to the lightening hole in the spacer.  I was pretty disheartened and was ready to order new parts - a setback, but then realized that repositioning these holes in a 'spacer' would not present a problem, except to my self-esteem.
Piloted Countersink, 2/16/02. When I got my Avery tool kit, I saw some cutters that were encased in 'tool edge protectant' and assumed that when I needed them, somehow there purpose would become apparent.  Then as the project progress I was using the deburring cutter, which as far as a wood worker can tell is also a countersinking cutter.  So when it came time to 'machine' countersink, I used the cutter on the right.  It was hard and countersinking little holes, I found the only way I had a hope of doing a good job was if the part was clamped in the drill press.  But even then, if the part was perfectly centered... - well I ended up with holes like those shown below the Aussie dollar.  I now know better, and have learned some other things about countersinking (see ideas).  Luckily the part shown that I goofed up, the trim tab reinforcement plate (E-615PP) only cost $5.87!, which is a steal when you consider what outrageous amounts you've probably paid for mass produced plastic thing-a-ma-bobs that probably cost 8 cents to manufacture.

Up Progress Who, What, Where Tips & Ideas Mistakes!!! Soap Box & Equipment Hours of Effort