Equation 1 is
derived from a quantum concept and it is complete because it can explain
electromagnetic, gravity and nuclear forces and connects
E = heB/2πG (1)
Quantum physics can be presented and expanded to include gravity. Gravity of an electron at the atomic level, though small, is important and it becomes a giant when applied universally. The new concept is the answer to combining electromagnetic, gravity and nuclear forces universally in the physics world. It opens a new vista of Physics and opens the door to extend our present day accomplishments. It is an energy equation and it relates to an atom’s identity, energy levels and states and frequency shifts. It expands and offers a new look at the SOL, gravity shifts, Doppler shifts, black holes, particles, time and distance measurements and all aspects of astronomy and cosmology.
It all began by considering an isolated energy state for an electron in an atom. The Bohr magneton is an isolated energy state (solution to the Shroedinger wave equation).
Energy = MB = he/4πm B
A simple algebraic manipulation of the energy equation results in the following:
E = he/R2 divided by m/R2 times B, R (radial distance to the nucleus)
e/R2 = e-electric field, m/R2 = G (definition), and B is magnetic vector potential
Equation (1) transforms to the energy equation; it is an isolated energy state.
E = heB/G new energy equation of state
The vector fields and can combine with like vectors. The atom’s characteristics will change subject to the electric field, magnetic field or gravitational force field of the medium in which they exist. Therefore, the new energy equation can be applied universally.
This new energy equation is completely general and can be applied universally where implicit R is radial distance to the observed and is a variable without restrictions. The new energy equation was developed in conjunction with photon theory for the atom but it is not restricted to only the atom because of its relationship to all energy systems. They are the implicit potentials and fields of the atom and the effect of the media having these same potentials and fields.
In the Prologue Einstein’s famous equation was derived as: mc2 = m0c2 + where Δmc2 is radiant energy and ˝ mv2 is kinetic energy (KE) and potential energy (PE) is zero for a particle. For our case it can be stated that PE + KE + RE (radiant energy) = constant and the difference in the two worlds is whether PE ~ 0 or RE ~ 0. A man walking around on earth has PE and KE, but he radiates very little. An electron moving very fast has KE and RE but it PE is negligible.
Applying this same reasoning to an energy system on earth and that on the moon, the energy conversion of the two systems is inversely proportional to the Gravitational force field. Consider hitting a golf ball two hundred yards on earth. It required a force and positive work. The golf ball hit on the moon with the same force resulted in a more efficient energy conversion. PE + KE + RE = a constant. In this case, the golf ball on earth was slowed through the friction of the atmosphere (RE). PE of the golf ball on earth was more than on the moon. KE on the moon was greater than on earth because of less loss to RE. This example is one of many, which confirms the credibility of the new energy equation and demonstrates that energy conversion is inversely proportional to gravitational force field.
The new energy equation (1) agrees with zero energy for black holes. In addition, when solving the energy equation for G, the result shows that gravity force field is inversely proportional to E or a laser beam can control or vary gravity at a point.
G = (h/2p)S/E, S ş eB
G is derived from the energy equation and offers an interesting suggestion. It states that as energy E of S (possibly a beam of radiation) becomes greater and greater, then G will decrease. It indicates that it is possible to decrease GFF at a point to zero? This is quite a concept stating that G can be varied with energy beams. Since G = S/E, is it a wave?
Combining equation 1 with E = hf a solution for a variable SOL is derived.
E = hf = heB/G, f = c/λ = eB/G (2)
and SOL = Sl/2πG
where S = eB and
G is gravity of medium in which c is being measured.
It agrees with
Snell’s law and “c” is a common variable and it disagrees with the
postulate that “c” is a universal constant
Snell’s Law
n
sinα = n’
sinα’
Where α and α’ are the angles between a light beam/wave and the normal to the interface between the two media of indices n and n’. The index of refraction n = c/v where “c” is the SOL which is determined by the medium (earth, planet, star, moon, galaxy etc.).
Since the SOL is a variable, a conflict no longer exists
between
Equation 1 can also be applied to an energy exchange for the electron changing position in an atom. Gravitational effects are an important aspect of the electron. In the past, gravitational effect or forces for the electron was considered nil with respect to electrodynamics forces. Presented here is the new energy equation, in which the energy is inversely proportional to the gravity force field and it can be applied universally.
In section 5.6 an energy change of state of an electron according to Quantum physics and the new energy equation was presented.
E = dE = hfspectral = heB/G2
- heB/G1 (3)
Where: G1 = me/R12 and G2 = me/R22
A photon hf (equation 2) is required to change from one energy level to the other, where G1 and G2 define the energy level or shell. At the atomic level the energy state equation can only take on sets of values consistent with the energy levels of the shells (R-value). However, equations 1, 2 and 3 are completely general and can be applied universally where R is a variable without restrictions. The new energy equation was developed in conjunction with photon theory for the atom but is not restricted to only the atom because of its relationship to all energy systems. They are the implicit potentials and fields of the atom and the effect of the media having these same potentials and fields.
From equation 2 above f = S/2πG =
SOL/l,
And df/dR = 1/2p [-2kvradial/GR2
+ 3e2/pm (vradial/c)]
Change in Δl/l = vradial/c ş Doppler shift and the vradial/G term indicates a shift due to GFF
According to the literature about frequency shifts, they
are sometimes attributed to gravity and sometimes Doppler, the above result
indicates a combination of the two.
Implicit in the result are the speed of light and the radial velocity
because the original equation contains the Poynting
vector, which is derived from Maxwell’s equations. The equation contains information about
frequency change (shift) as the result of Doppler Effect and as well as gravity
effect of the object observed and its intensity. This gravity shift is different from the so
called “Hubble’s law of red shift”. Gravity shift due to
This energy equation ties all fields intrinsic and extrinsic to the atom and to all electromagnetic waves. It has far reaching consequences when dealing with Doppler shifts and gravity shifts. It is part of the Theory of Everything and it is the Newton/Maxwell concept of the universe.
According to studies of space
and the planets, the planet Jupiter produces more heat that it is able to absorb
(an anomaly). How is this possible? Is there a frequency shift?
|
Returning to the equation equation E = (h/2p)
S/G (1) |
According to previous
considerations in Section 7.5 frequency shifts are due to Doppler as well as
GFF.
From Section 7.5 df/dR = 1/2p
[-2kvradial/GR2 + 3e2/pm (vradial/c)]
It is known that G is a
universal constant (derived in the same way for all planets) having different
values for each planet. G changes in a
decreasing manner as the distance from a planet increases and it ultimately
reaches a point of no change in outer space.
The new energy equation offers challenges but also resolves some of the
mysteries of the scientific field.
Use the earth as a reference for
gravity and normalized to unity. The
simplest treatment of gravity shift can be observed in a radial direction only;
the wavelength on earth is compared with a change in wavelength on Jupiter
where G of earth is normalized to one. According
to above df/dR would be decreased and make frequency,
observed from Jupiter, elongated.
G of Jupiter is equal to 2.5
times that of earth. Any observed
radiation coming from Jupiter would be shifted 2.5 times resulting in longer
wavelength. If what is observed (frequencies)
are divided by 2.5, then a shift exists that normalizes the observed
spectrum. The Jupiter frequency observed
on earth must be multiplied by 2.5 to obtain the actual frequency emanating
from that planet. Maybe Jupiter does not
radiate more heat than it absorbs. This
has been an approach to explain away an anomaly.
There is an increase in number and sophistication of satellite and other electronic communication and navigation systems presenting major practical difficulties because they depend on precise synchronization of both radio signals themselves and frequencies. The accuracy of the pendulum clocks and the non uniformity of the rotation of the earth set the stage for a more accurate timing device. The answer has been found in the development of the atomic clock. They are frequency standards based on quantum transitions of the cesium atom. These clocks compared to each other are within a microsecond or better but they differ with time scale rotation of earth by a second within a year.
In 1967, the length of the second was defined in terms of the frequency of a 9.193x109 periods of radiation corresponding to transitions to hyper-fine quantum levels of the ground state of cesium. In 1972, it was adopted as prime reference because of its predictability. What is paramount is; how does this clock keep time in different gravitational potentials. It is worth while to put one of these clocks on the moon and constantly compare it with a matched clock here on earth. Again GFF and Doppler shifts can be studied. There is a suspicion that the clock on the moon will run faster because the gravity is less. It is another way to give credence to the new energy concept (E = (h/2p) S/G). It is also an ideal way to measure gravity variations between the earth and the moon.
There are still areas to investigate using the new energy equation. I believe it is the simple answer to the Theory of Everything. It is time that we can embark on a new way to look at the puzzles of the earth. I am sure that someone may jump on these ideas and expand on them and I hope that it happens. I also hope that everyone has enjoyed reading the challenges presented here as much as I have had in sharing it.
“There is no greater weakness than stubbornness. If you cannot yield, if you cannot learn that there must be compromise in life—you lose.” —Maxwell Maltz
I am still learning. —Michelangelo’s motto