Mineral

Family

Chemistry

Hardness

S.G.

Actinolite

Silicates

Ca₂(Mg,Fe)₅Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂

5.5

3.05

Adamite

Phosphates

Zn₂(AsO₄)(OH)

3.5

4.48

Amazonite(Microcline)

Silicates

KAlSi₃O₈

6.0

2.50 – 2.60

Amber

Mineraloids

C₁₀H₁₆O

2.0+

1.10

Amethyst (Quartz)

Simple Oxides

SiO₂

7.0

2.65

Andradite

Silicates

Ca₃Fe₂(SiO₄)₃

6.5 - 7.0

3.70 - 4.10

Apophyllite

Silicates

KCa₄Si₈O₂₀(F,OH)l8H₂O

4.5 – 5.0

2.30 - 2.40

Aquamarine (Beryl)

Silicates

Be₃Al₂Si₆O₁₈

8.0

2.60 - 2.80

Aragonite

Carbonates

CaCO₃

3.5 - 4.0

2.93 - 2.95

Atacanite

Halides

Cu₂Cl(OH)₃

3.0 - 3.5

3.76

Aurichalcite

Carbonates

(Zn,Cu)₅(CO₃)₂(OH)₆

2.0

3.50 - 3.60

Azurite

Carbonates

Cu₃(CO₃)₂(OH)₂

3.5 - 4.0

3.77

Barite

Sulfates

BaSO₄

3.0 - 3.5

4.30 - 4.60

Butile

Simple Oxides

TiO₂

6.0 - 6.5

4.20 - 4.30

Calcite

Carbonates

CaCO₃

3.0

1.40 - 1.70

Celestite

Sulfates

SrSO₄

3.0 - 3.5

3.90 - 4.00

Chalcopyrite

Sulfates

CuFeS₂

3.5 - 4.0

4.10 - 4.30

Chiastolite

Silicates

Al₂SiO₅

7.5

3.10 - 3.20

Chrysocolla

Silicates

(Cu,Al)₂H₂Si₂O₅(OH)₄lnH₂O

6.5 - 7.0

3.70 - 4.10

Cinibar

Simple Sulfides

HgS

2.5

8.10

Citrine (Quartz)

Simple Oxides

SiO₂

7.0

2.65

Copper

Elements

Cu

2.5 - 3.0

8.90

Corundom

Oxides

Al₂O₃

9.0

3.95 - 4.05

Dioptase

Silicates

CuSiO₂(OH)₂

5

3.28 - 3.35

Diorite

Mineraloids

Dolomite

Carbonates

CaMg(CO₃)₂

3.5 - 4.0

2.85

Elbaite (Tourmaline)

Silicates

Na(Li,Al)₃Al₆(BO₃)₃Si₆O₁₈(OH)₄

7.25

3.03 - 3.10

Epidote

Silicates

Ca₂(Al,Fe³⁺)₃(SiO₄)₃(OH)

6.0 - 7.0

3.38 - 4.49

Flourite

Halides

CaF₂

4.0

3.18

Galina

Sulfides

PbS

2.5 - 2.75

7.58

Goethite

Hydrous Oxides

HFeO₂

5.0 - 5.5

3.30 - 4.30

Groutite

Simple Oxides

Hematite

Simple Oxides

Fe₂O₃

5.0 - 6.0

5.26

Kyanite

Silicates

Al₂SiO₅

7.5

3.68

Lepidolite (Mica)

Silicates

K(Li,Al)₃(Si,Al)₄O₁₀(F,OH)₂

2.5 - 4.0

2.80 - 3.30

Malachite

Carbonates

Cu₂(CO₃)(OH)₂

3.5 - 4.0

4.05

Marcasite

Simple Sulfides

FeS₂

6.0 - 6.5

4.85 - 4.88

Moldavite (Tektile)

Mineraloids

Silica glass + impurities

5.0 - 6.0

2.50

Molibdenite

Simple Sulfides

MoS₂

1.0 - 1.5

4.70 - 4.80

Muscovite (Mica)

Silicates

KAl₂(Si₃Al)O₁₀(OH,F)₂

2.0 - 2.5

2.77 - 2.88

Obsidian

Mineraloids

SiO₂ + impurities

5.0 - 5.5

2.60

Orpiment

Sulfides

As₂S₃

1.5 - 2.0

3.40 - 3.50

Peridot (Olivine)

Silicates

Mg₂SiO₄-Fe₂SiO₄

6.5 - 7.0

3.34

Prehnite

Silicates

Ca₂Al₂Si₃O₁₀(OH)₂

6.0 - 6.5

2.80 - 2.90

Psilomelane

Oxides

(Ba,H₂O)₄Mn₁₀O₂₀

5.0 - 6.0

3.30 - 4.70

Pyrite

Simple Sulfides

FeS₂

6.0 - 6.5

5.00 - 5.30

Pyromorphite

Phosphates

Pb₅(PO₄,AsO₄)₃Cl

3.5 – 4.0

6.50 – 7.10

Quartz

Silicates

SiO₂

7.0

2.65

Realgar

Simple Sulfides

AsS

1.5 - 2.0

3.56

Rhodochrosite

Carbonates

MnO₃

3.5 – 4.0

3.40 – 3.60

Ruby (Corundom)

Oxides

Al₂O₃

9.0

3.95 - 4.05

Sapphire (Corundom)

Oxides

Al₂O₃

9.0

3.95 - 4.05

Scolecite

Silicates

CaAl₂Si₃O₁₀l3H₂O

5.0

2.27

Scheelite

Tungstates

CaWO₄

4.5 - 5.0

5.90 - 6.10

Selenite (Gypsum)

Sulfates

CaSO₄l2H₂O

2.0

2.30

Siderite

Carbonates

FeCO₃

3.5 - 4.5

3.96

Silver

Elements

Ag

2.5 - 3.0

10.0 - 11.0

Smithsonite

Carbonates

ZnCO₃

5.0

4.30 - 4.40

Spessartine(Garnet)

Silicates

Mn₃Al₂(SiO₄)₃

7.0 - 7.5

3.80 - 4.25

Sphalerite

Simple Sulfides

ZnS

3.5 - 4.0

3.90 – 4.10

Staurolite

Silicates

FeAl₄Si₂O₁₀(OH)₂

7.0 – 7.5

3.60 – 3.70

Sulphur

Elements

S

1.5 - 2.5

1.95 - 2.25

Tanzanite (Zoisite)

Silicates

Ca₂Al₃(SiO₄)₃(OH)

6.0

3.30 – 3.40

Tektile

Mineraloids

Silica glass + impurities

5.0 - 6.0

2.50

Topaz

Silicates

Al₂SiO₄(F,OH)₂

8.0

3.50 - 3.60

Turquoise

Phosphates

CuAl₆(PO₄)₄(OH)₈l4H₂O

5.0 - 6.0

2.60 - 2.80

Uvite (Tourmaline)

Silicates

CaMg₃B₃Al₃(Al₃Si₆O₂₇)(O,OH)₄

7.0 - 7.5

3.00 - 3.30

Vanadinite

Phosphates

Pb₅(VO₄)₃Cl

2.75 - 3.0

6.88

Vesuvianite (Idocrase)

Silicates

Ca₁₀Mg₂Al₄(SiO₄)₅(Si₂O₇)₂(OH)₄

6.5

3.40 - 3.50

Wavellite

Phosphates

Al₃(PO₄)₂(OH,F)₃l5H₂O

3.25 - 4.0

2.36

Wulfenite

Molybdates

PbMoO₄

2.75 - 3.0

6.80

Zincite

Oxides

ZnO

4.0

5.40 - 5.70

5.0"+(H/10)

6.7+(SG/10)