There are  many countries in Europe and I will try to cover some important points for as many as I can for you.

I have  given you some special words that might be of help in the  names of villages/towns/hamlets.

“Cum” means “combined with" and might refer to two villages/hamlets that form a Twp or part of one. It was commonly used in the days of townships.
"Juxtz” or “by” means “next to” and could refer to a river or a place and is often used to distinguish two places with the same name.
“Ambo” is similar to “cum” but is used when the places have similar names as these examples: “Huttons Ambo” (High and Low Hutton) or “Luttons Ambo” as in East or   West Luttons.

    If a place name starts with Magna, Great, Little, Upper, Higher, High, Low, Lower, North, South, East, West, etc. etc - and you cannot find it - try            looking at the other part of the name
   If your place name ends in bro' or boro', these are abreviations for "brough" and "borough" respectively, however they are not always used correctly so
    If you keep these in mind as you search, it might mean the difference between success or frustration.
 
 

http://digicoll.library.wisc.edu/WI/subcollections/BelgAmrColAbout.html
Belgium is trilingual, the northern part speaks Flemish (Vlaams, a dialect of Dutch), the southern part speaks Waloon (Valone, a dialect of French), and the eastern edge speaks German (Luxembourgese).

http://www.pathfinders.cz      or     http://www.cgsi.org

If you have the name of a town or village in Czechoslovakia, try googling it and see if you find any help.
 
 

    As you know, the Dutch were among the first to settle in N.America and establish forts in NY, which became New Netherlands in 1624.  Over 5 million claimed Dutch ancestry in the 2000 census. There are limited civil  birth records at  http://www.genlias.org/en/page0.jsp

First try http://www.cyndislist.com/germany.htm
There are many sites to check on and also go to one of the largest databases. It is called the Die Ahnenstammkartei des Deutschen Volkes at
http://www.feefhs.org/DE/astaka/ahnstamm.html

One site that can also be of use is  http://www.stevemorse.org    which has immigrations lists, as well as many other services, such as maps, etc.

You do not need to be fluent in German. All you have to do is memorize some basic key work and be able to identify these words in records. htttp://www.ancestry.com  is the best place to start on  the Internet as well as www.familysearch.org  Once you find the village/town - just try googling that name and see what is available. There was constant war all over Europe. France tried to ravage the Palatinate.

http://www.progenealogists.com/hungary/

The Family History library has a great number of materials that can help in Hungarian research (as well as with any other countries). If you are researching in Hungarian archives or church records, etc. you need to use a form that with the Hungarian words for the various spaces you can find them at
Hungarian/Hungary Genealogy Forms, Charts, Links at http://www.hungarianvillagefinder.com/CHARTS.Hun_Grp_Sht.html
There is a site that might give you more idea of what might be of help to you http://www.progenealogists.com/hungary/

http://www.rootsweb.com/~wghungar/

http://www.rootsweb.com/~wghungar/links.html

http://www.kuijsten.de/navigator/               Is a navigator site - that you can use for many other countries also. It is a surname research navigator and you first choose the country and then type in your surname. Amazing what you can find.
 
 

Ireland:  http://www.kildare1.blinkz.com/               This is Richard’s Website on his own Irish family. Good to read to see how the families generally decided to immigrate.
http://freegenealogyarchives.com/

You will find that Italian surnames are notoriously misspelled on ocuments in the U.S. In the first class I took, I learned that the reason so many were named Tony was because their papers said “To New York”. Makes sense to me. Check www.gens.labo.net to see if the surname you are searching is viable.
http://www.freewebs.com/italgentranslations/

Galiciana is almost certainly referring to the region currently mainly in the Ukraine situated on the border between Poland and Austria. In the 1930s, however, it will have belonged to Poland. This area is known as Galizien. www.halgal.com is a brilliant website for researching Galizien genealogy.

http://genealogy.about.com/od/poland/ is a good site to begin Polish research  - also called Pradziad
I had more luck just googling the country with genealogy research.  http://polishgeno.com/

Without a town, or some information about where in Galicia they specifically came from; its almost impossible to continue.
At   http://www.jewishgen.org/Communities/LocTown.asp you can search for towns in Poland and Galicia.

Information about where they came from might exist at http://www.ellisisland.org/ or other immigration sites.

Galicia was an ancient kingdom that was pretty much absorbed by Lithuanian in the mid 1300s.
 
 

http://www.ukgenealogy.co.uk/scotland.htm

Is the best place to start your research, I think. They also have many mailing lists. Which you should also do for each of your  countries.

http://www.scottishhandwriting.com
A new web site offers online tutorials for historians, genealogists, and other researchers who have problems reading records written in Scotland in the 16th, 17th, and 18th centuries

Many Swedish Parish records are available check out http://www.genline.com/databasen/ I repeat, You really do not have to know the language of the country to trace your ancestors.  You simply need to have a good word list and their English translations. You can download word lists for many countries at   http://www.familysearch.org     - click forms, maps and guides - - select word list to choose from 15 languages. Of course you can always get a good dictionary.  There are other word lists online and in published research guides.

Sweden had clerical surveys that were taken annually also called household examinations. They list every name in the every family in each parish. Norway and Denmark have free sites on the Internet with census and parish registers.

http://www.dk-gravsten.dk/i-english.php
 

The Association of European Migration Institutions

 http://www.aemi.dk:80/adr.php
 

This is a site that might help you trace your ancestors from Europe. It has other links for immigration websites, as well as to Ellis Island.
 

Also try this one - http://www.genealogylinks.net
 

Takes you to the European subsection links. At the bottom you will find a link that is called “All of Europe Genealogy Links Portal”.

It is currently be updated and is arranged by country.
 

http://www.genealogylinks.net:80/europe/index.html
  This can help you with European migration and a great site.

Last but not least - these sites are for translations
http://translationlink.com2.para/
French, German, Russian, Spanish & Portuguese.
http://www.word2word.com/freead.html

http://worldlingo.com/en/products_services/worldlingo_translator.html
 
 
 

If I can tell you anything it is to check Cyndi’s List first and then start googling for your specific country. It is amazing how much you will be able to find. So - go for it.