Ch.2 New World Experiments: England’s 17th Century Colonies

Questions & Terms Part I (pgs. 31-40)

 

  1. Why did many men & women choose to journey to the “New World” between 1580 and 1650? (p.32)
  2. List 3 reasons why English colonists came to America. (pg.32)
  3. Why was Stuart King Charles I beheaded and who governed England afterwards? (pgs.32-33)
  4. What was the Glorious Revolution and how did it alter the course of English political history? (pg.33)
  5. Why did ordinary people who had no direct financial stake in the New World so generously support English efforts to colonize America? (pg.33)
  6. What was England’s financial solution to successfully colonize America? Explain. (pg.33)
  7. Explain how the cultural differences in the labor systems of England & America almost led to Jamestown’s demise? (pg.34)
  8. What was the Jamestown colonist’s personal and group goals when they arrived in America? (pg.34-35)
  9. Explain how Captain John Smith saved Jamestown. (pg.35)
  10. Explain the Virginia Company’s reorganization of Jamestown in 1609. (pg.35-36)
  11. Where did Shakespeare get the idea for The Tempest? (pg.36)
  12. What exactly was the “starving time” and why did it happen in Jamestown? (pg.36)
  13. How did De La Warr save Jamestown? (pg.36)
  14. What was the economic solution to Jamestown’s (Virginia’s) problem & who discovered and implemented it? (pgs.36-37)
  15. What was the Virginia Company’s plan (led by Sir Edwin Sandys in 1618) for transforming the Virginia colony into a profitable enterprise? List 5 main ideas. (pg.37)
  16. What is an indentured servant?  How long was their service?  Why were some more desirable than others?  (pg. 37)
  17. Why did the Chesapeake colonies develop differently than the New England colonies?  (pg. 38)
  18. Explain the following quote: The Jamestown colony’s “not as a place of Habitacion but only of a short sojouninge.”  (pg.38)
  19. Why did the king dissolve the Virginia Co. in 1624 and make it into a royal colony? (pg.38)
  20. Why wouldn’t Charles II recognize the House of Burgesses?  Why did he finally recognize it in 1639?  (pgs. 38-39)
  21. In 1705, were there any “towns” in Virginia besides Jamestown?  (pg. 39)
  22. Who created the colony of Maryland?  Why?  (pg. 39)
  23. How did the colony of Maryland acquire its name?  (pg.39)
  24. What is the boundary between Maryland & Pennsylvania commonly called?     (pg. 39)
  25. Explain the turmoil in Maryland between the Catholics & Protestants during the mid 17th century.  (pg. 39-40)

 

Ch. 2 T & Q’s Part II (pgs. 40-48)

Questions (Q’s):

  1.  When did the Scrooby Pilgrims separate from the Church of England? Why? Where did they move to? (pg. 40)
  2.  Why did the Pilgrims leave Holland and why did they choose America? (pg. 40-41)
  3.  Why were the Pilgrims forced to create the Mayflower Compact upon landing? (pg. 41)
  4.  Who did the Pilgrims elect governor of Plymouth Colony? (pg. 41)
  5.  What colony absorbed Plymouth Colony in 1691? Why? (pg. 41)
  6.  What war in England did the Puritans cause? (pg. 41)
  7.  What were the Puritan’s beliefs? (pg. 41-42)
  8.  Why did the Puritans dislike James I and Charles I? (pg.42)
  9.  Why did Charles I decide in 1629 to rule England without Parliament? (pg. 42)
  10.  What was the “loophole” created in the Massachusetts Bay Company’s charter? (pg. 42)
  11.  How did the Massachusetts migration differ from Virginia and Maryland’s? (pg.43)
  12.  What was the “common sense of purpose” that bound the Mass. Bay Puritans together? (pg. 43)
  13.  Why did the Mass. Bay Puritans refuse to separate from the Church of England? (pg. 43)
  14.  What form of government did the Mass. Bay Puritans create for the new colony? (pg. 43)
  15.  How was membership to the Puritans churches set up in Mass. Bay Colony? (pg.44)
  16. In creating a civil government in Mass. Bay Colony, did they separate church and state?  Explain.  (pg. 44)
  17.  How were 40% of adult males in Mass. Bay Colony able to vote in the 1630s? (pg.44)
  18.  Why wasn’t Mass. Bay Colony a democracy or a theocracy? (pg. 44)
  19.  How was Mass. Bay Colony able to avoid civil instability unlike the other colonies? (pg. 45)
  20.  Where the Mass. Puritans religiously tolerant of other people’s religious beliefs? Explain. (pg. 45)
  21.  What exactly were Roger William’s “religious ideas” that created such controversy in Mass. Bay Colony? (pg. 45)
  22.  Why was Anne Hutchinson exiled from Mass. Bay Colony? (pg. 45 & 48)
  23.  What four colonies were spawned from Massachusetts May Colony? (pg. 48)
  24.  Why was New Haven Colony created and what eventually happened to it? (pg.48)
  25.  What is Rhode Island Colony most known for? (pg. 48)

 

Ch. 2 T & Q’s Part III (pgs. 49-54)

Questions (Q’s):

  1. What colonies made up the “Middle Colonies”? (pg. 49)
  2.  Why are the Dutch considered largely responsible for the settlement of the Middle Colonies? (pg.49)
  3.  Who were the first Dutch settlers and what were they supposed to do? (pg. 49)
  4.  Why did the New Netherlands Colony fail? (pg. 49-50)
  5.  Who took over the New Netherlands Colony and what happened to the Dutch living there at the time? (pg.50)
  6.  Why didn’t the New York Colony have elected assemblies or democratic town meetings? (pg. 50)
  7.  Was the New York Colony really that much different from the New Netherlands Colony? Explain. (pg. 51)
  8.  What mistake did the Duke of York make concerning his land between the Hudson and Delaware Rivers? (pg. 51)
  9.  Who in had the legal right to establish a colonial government in the New Jersey Colony?  Who didn’t in the controversy? Did it matter? (pg. 51)
  10.  Why didn’t the New Jersey Colony prosper like the colonies of New York and Pennsylvania? (pg. 51)
  11. What did the Quakers believe and practice? (pg. 51-52)
  12.  Why did Charles II give William Penn a charter for the Pennsylvania Colony? (p.53)
  13.  In 1682, why did Penn buy the “Three Lower Counties” from the Duke of York? (pg. 53)
  14.  What was Penn’s “Holy Experiment”? (pg. 53)
  15.  Who were the settlers of Pennsylvania? Describe. (pg. 53)
  16.  What kind of government did Penn’s Charter of Liberties create? (pg. 53-54)

 

Ch. 2 T & Q’s Part IV (pgs. 54-58)

Questions (Q’s):

  1.  List the Southern Colonies in America. (pg. 54)
  2.  Why was the Carolina Colony created? (pg. 54)
  3.  What land did the Carolina Colony encompass based on the charter? (pg. 54)
  4.  What three areas did the Carolina proprietors divide the Carolina lands into? (pg.54-55)
  5.  Why wasn’t anyone interested in moving to the new Carolina Colony? (pg. 55)
  6.  How was the town Charles Town established? (pg. 55)
  7.  Why did half of the men and women who settled in the Port Royal area come from Barbados? (pg. 55)
  8.  Who was the most powerful faction in the Carolina Colony and way? (pg. 55)
  9.  In the 1690’s what became the Carolina Colony’s most profitable crop? (pg. 55)
  10.  In 1729, what two royal colonies did the king divided the Carolina Colony into? (pg. 56)
  11.  Why was the Georgia Colony created? (pg. 56)
  12.  Under the charter, where was the Georgia Colony located? (pg. 57)
  13.  Who was given control of the Georgia Colony?  Was this a mistake? (pg. 57)
  14.  Describe some of the original restrictions the Georgia Colony had when it was created in 1733. (pg. 57)
  15.  What was the Georgia Colony like in 1751 when the trustees returned Georgia to the king? (pg. 58)

 

 

Ch. 3 T & Q’s Part I (pgs. 61-68)

Questions (Q’s):

  1. Describe a New England “godly family.”  Why was a “godly family” so valued or essential to the New England society in the 17th c.? (pg.62)
  2. What cause New England to have a rapid population growth noticeable by the end of the 17th c.? (pgs. 62-63)
  3. What was the average life expectancy of males surviving infancy in 17th c. New England? (pg. 63)
  4. Why is it often said that New Englanders invented “grandparents”? (pg. 63)
  5. Why did an overwhelming majority of New England residents marry in the 17th c.? (p.63)
  6. Were early American farmers self-sufficient? Explain. (pg. 64)
  7. List three traditional communal ties causing New Englanders to reside in or near the places they were born as adults.  (pg. 64)
  8. Explain how towns in New England were built on a family foundation. (pg. 64)
  9. Explain how Congregational churches in New England were built on a family foundation. (pg. 64)
  10. What was the Half-Way Covenant and why was it important? (pg. 64)
  11. Explain how education in New England was built on a family foundation.         (pg. 64-65)
  12.  Who wrote The New England Primer and what was its purpose? (pg. 64-65)
  13.  What was the original purpose of Harvard College in 1638? (pg. 65)
  14.  Why were Puritan New England women often described as “deputy husbands”? Explain. (pg. 65)
  15.  Which gender tended to join churches more? Why? (pg. 65)
  16.  Explain the “feminization of colonial religion.” (pg. 65)
  17.  In 17th c. New England, which “valuable” social class was missing? Why did this matter? (pg. 66)
  18.  How did the New Englanders remedy this absence in social class? (pg. 66)
  19.  Were most New Englanders accepting of their new place in the hierarchical social structure? Explain. (pg. 67)
  20. Describe the life of an average colonial yeoman farmer in New England. (pg. 67)
  21.  Why did many New England families place their adolescent children in nearby homes?  Explain. (p.67)
  22. Was childhood a distinctive development stage to be relished in 17th c. New England? Explain. (pg. 66)
  23. Are you surprised by the splendor of the Freake’s dress? Explain. (pg. 66)
  24.  What elements do the two New England headstones have in common? (pg. 67)
  25.  What elements on the headstones are different? Does this suggest any shifts in attitudes toward death?

 

Ch. 3 T & Q’s Part II (pgs. 68-79)

Questions (Q’s):

26.  List the 2 Chesapeake Colonies that are also part of the English Southern Colonies. (pg.68)

27.  What was the most important difference between the New England & Chesapeake colonies? (pg.68)

28. What % of white colonists coming to Virginia & Maryland during the 17th c. were indentured servants? (pg. 68)

29.  List 6 statistics (%, facts) involving life expectancies in the Chesapeake Colonies. (pg.68-69)

30.  What was the staple crop for the Chesapeake Colonies in the 17th c.? Why? (pg.69)

31.  Why did some planters amass fortunes & others didn’t growing the same crop? Explain. (pg.69)

32. Why didn’t Chesapeake planters hire free persons to work in the fields? (pg.69)

33.  Describe the Chesapeake gentry of the late 17th century. (pg.69)

34.  Who formed the largest class in Chesapeake society? Describe them & their origins. (pg.69)

35.  Describe how indentured servants were treated in the Chesapeake colonies? (pg.69-70)

36.  Explain the dramatic demographic shift affecting social mobility in the Chesapeake colonies after 1680. (pg.70)

37.  Explain why schools and institutions of higher learning were weak or nonexistent in the Chesapeake colonies.  (pg. 70)

38.  Explain how tobacco had a negative influence on the creation of towns. (pg.70-71)

39.  Examine the painting Virginia Luxuries on page 71.  What kind of person do you think painted it?  Do you think the artist advocated the system of slavery in the Chesapeake colonies? Explain.  What message do you think the artist is trying to convey to the audience?

40.  Why did Chesapeake planters stop using Native Americans & indentured servants as labor sources? (71)

41.   About how many Africans were forced to come to America between the 16th & 19th c.? (pg.71)

42.  If England didn’t have slavery, then why did her colonies? (pg.71)

43.  How did the English colonists justify the practice of slavery? (pg.71)

44.  Describe the first slaves brought to Jamestown in 1619 and how they were classified. (pg.71)

45.  Why didn’t the Chesapeake have a large supply of African slaves by 1660? Explain. (pg.72)

46.  Why did the legal status of Virginia’s black pop. change @ the end of the 17th c.? (pg.72)

47.  How many African slaves were sold in Virginia between 1695 & 1709? (pg.72)

48.  When did slavery become based on a person’s skin color being black in N. America? (pg.72)

49.  Was it against the law for a master to kill his slave in Virginia? Explain. (pg.72)

50.  Based on the map on pg. 72, which 2 places were the majority of African slaves sold?

51.  During the 18th c., what % of the population was black in S.C., VA., PA., and Mass.? (pg.73)

52.  Why were African slaves able to retain African cultures & languages longer in the Southern Colonies than in the Middle or New England colonies? (pg.73)

53.  Who were the “Outlandish Negroes” and how were they treated by both white & black people? (pg.73)

54.  Explain how the African American culture evolved. How did it influence Christianity? (pg.73&76)

55.  What was the major turning point in the history of African American people living in the English colonies during the early decades of the 18th c.? (pg.76)

56.  Describe and explain the Stono Rebellion of 1739.  (pg.76)

57.  Until the mid-17th c., English political leaders mostly ignored the American colonists. How & why did this change after the Restoration of Charles II in 1660? (pg.77)

58.  Explain the English system of mercantilism. (pg.77)

59.  What was the Navigation Act of 1660?  What was the effect? (pg.78)

60.  What was the Staple Act of 1663? (pg.78)

61.  Why did the England pass the Navigation Acts?  (i.e. purpose?) Explain.  (pg.78)

62.  How did the Navigation Acts harm VA tobacco planters?  How did they help the Crown? (pg.78)

63.  Explain the loophole in the Navigation Acts before 1673.  (pg.78)

64.  What was the Navigation Act of 1673? Explain. (pg.78)

65.  What did the Act of 1696 do? (pg.78)

66.  What were vice-admiralty courts? (pg.78)

67.  Did the reforms to the Navigation Acts compel colonials to accept or obey those laws?  Explain. (pg.79)

68.  Explain why Anthony Johnson’s life illustrates the complexity of race relations in 17th c. Virginia.  (pg.74-75)

 

Ch. 3 T & Q’s Part III (pgs. 79-90)

Questions (Q’s):

69.  List the 4 colonies that had a rebellion between 1676 & 1691. (pg. 79)

70.  What do all 4 colonial rebellions have in common? (pg. 79)

71.  Describe Virginia after 1660. (pg. 79)

72.  In 1670, what did Gov. Berkeley do to reduce the threat of violence in Virginia? (pg. 79)

73.  Which local gentry faction did Nathanial Bacon want to be a member of? Why? (pg. 79)

74.  Why did Gov. Berkeley refuse to give Bacon military command & the right to attack other Indians? (pg. 79)

75.  Where did Bacon’s Rebellion occur & what happened to the town? (pg. 80)

76.  Who were the people aiding Bacon in his rebellion against Gov. Berkeley & what were they fighting for? (pg. 80)

77.  What did Charles II do about the rebellion in VA? (pg. 80)

78.  Which faction and leader won Bacon’s Rebellion & why? (pg. 80)

79.  How did Mass. settlers feel about their mother country (England) before 1660? (pg. 80)

80.  Who was King Philip? (pg. 80)

81.  What was King Philip’s War? How long did it last? Who won? (pg. 80-81)

82.  Explain why the Mass. Bay Colony’s debate over their relationship with their mother country abruptly ended in 1684.  (pg. 81)

83.  What was the Dominion of New England? Who created it & why? (pg. 81)

84.  Who was Sir Edmund Andros? Why was he hated? (pg. 81)

85.  Who replaced James II in the Glorious Revolution in England?  Was it violent? (pg.81)

86.  What was the Glorious Revolution of New England? When & why did it occur? (pg. 81)

87.  What happened to the Dominion of New England under the new monarch? (pg. 82)

88.  What are the two main differences between the Mass. charters of 1629 & 1691? (pg. 82)

89.  When did the terror in Salem Village begin?  How many people died as a result? (pg. 82)

90.  Who spoke out for leniency & restraint in Salem? (pg. 82-83)

91.  What is spectral evidence? Was it accepted as valid testimony in the Salem Witch Trials? (pg. 83)

92.  List 3 possible reasons why the Salem Witch Trial hysteria occurred. (pg. 83)

93.  List the 3 factions of gentry/elite violently divided in the Glorious Revolution of NY. What 2 issues divided them? (pg. 83)

94.  Explain Leisler’s Rebellion. Why is it called the Glorious Revolt. of NY? Why is it important? (pg.83)

95.  List the 2 factions of elite violently divided in the Glorious Revolution of Maryland. (pg. 83)

96.  Explain the Glorious Revolution in Maryland in 1689.  What happens as a result of it? (pg. 83)

 

Ch. 4: Colonial America in the 18th c. (1701-1770)

Part I (pgs. 90-103)

Questions:

 

 

Ch. 4: Part II (pgs. 103-111)

Questions:

  1. Explain why colonial American cities developed slowly in the 17th c. (pg.103)
  2. Explain how American cities influenced colonial culture & architecture. (pgs.103-104)
  3. How did the American Enlightenment differ from the European Enlightenment? (pgs.104-105)
  4. List 5 basic assumption held by Enlightenment thinkers. (pg.105)
  5. Why did the Enlightenment appeal to many Americans? (pg.105)
  6. Why is Ben Franklin considered a symbol of material progress through human ingenuity? (pgs.106-107)
  7. Explain why the colonial per capita income of the 18th c. did not decline when it had experienced a 10X population increase. (pg.107)
  8. List and define 4 acts passed by Parliament to regulate/control the colonial economy between 1700 and 1750. (pg.107)
  9. Why did Crown officials generally ignore colonial violations of the regulatory acts before 1750? (pg.107)
  10. Would the colonies have still exported their goods to Britain regardless of the regulatory acts before 1750? Explain. (pg.107)
  11. Explain why the West Indies played a vital role in preserving American credit in Europe. (pg.107)
  12. Why did the balance of trade shift dramatically against the colonists after 1750? (pg.107)
  13. Explain and list 2 effects the shifting balance of trade had on the development of an American culture after 1750. (pg.108)
  14. List the 6 colonies the Great Awakening revivals were most important in. (pg.109)
  15. Explain why Jonathan Edwards is important and his religious beliefs. (pg.109)
  16. Why did George Whitefield come to symbolize the powerful cultural forces transforming the 18th c. Atlantic world? (pg.110)
  17. How did a “New Light” and an “Old Light” differ? (pg.110)
  18. List and explain 3 positive ways the Great Awakening revivals changed American society. (pg.111)
  19. Explain why the Great Awakening was a “national” event long before it actually existed as an independent nation. (pg.111)
  20. Which two groups prepared the way for the development of a revolutionary mentality in colonial America? Why? (pg.111)

 

Ch. 4    Part III (pg. 111-121)

Questions:

  1. Compare the U.S. Constitution and the British constitution.
  2. What 3 parts were in the English constitution?
  3. What are parliamentary associations? Who made them?
  4. What percent of Brits adult males could vote in 1715?
  5. Who were the most famous commonwealthmen?
  6. Who appointed royal governors in the mainland colonies? Who were they?
  7. Which three political American factions differed from British?
  8. Compare Spotswood and Shirley.
  9. What profession were most men of the colonial assemblies?
  10. Whose land claims separated that of the British?
  11. What were the benefits/drawbacks of having New France settled along St. Lawrence River?
  12. Where was King William’s War and how did it end?
  13. What was Queen Anne’s War?
  14. What land did the French settle (1682-1754) to ensure their claim?
  15. Who made up the Albany Plan? What was it?
  16. What were the results of the French & Indian War?
  17. Why did the French remain in the Mississippi Valley?
  18. What are the four major wars from 1689-1763 in order?
  19. Who was Will Pitt and what did he do?
  20. How was Pitt successful as the army officer?
  21. What were the only claims French had left after 1763?
  22. How did the British perceive the colonists?
  23. What was the song composed by James Thomson? When?
  24. What did the colonists do for Great Britain? What did G.B. do in return?