Properties of HEM-CONCRETE roof tile (European Style)
|
Index |
Unit |
Data |
|
Typical sizes: Length Width Thickness |
In. (mm) |
163 (415) 130 (330) 0.3-0.4 (8-10) 8 - 10 |
|
Weight of one item |
Lb. (kg) |
8.0 (3.5) |
|
Number of tiles per square yard |
|
8 |
|
Flexural strength (maximum of the load applied in the middle of the span 8 in.) |
Lb. (kg)
|
330-350 (150-200) |
|
Permeability under stream water during 48 hours of exposure |
|
Without any signs of leakage |
|
Durability - 150 cycles of freezing on the air (-4oF) and thawing (65oF) under water |
|
Without any signs of destruction and decrease in strength |
Estimated price of the suggested cement-sand cast roof tiles.
(example)
The estimated price was calculated assuming the possibility of creating a small section at a factory producing pre-cast concrete, that has steam kilns.
Assuming the following:
- unit of production - 1 Sq. (100 sq. ft.)
- productivity - 2080 Sq. per year
- style of roof tile - "French" (based on experience of manufacture)
- quantity of roof tiles of field type per 1 Sq. - 93 pieces
- weight of 1sq. - 79 LB (344 kg)
- expense of roof tiles per 1 sq. of 7% waste - 100 pieces
- weight of 1 piece - 7.9 lb. (3.6 kg)
Expenses of materials for producing roof tiles, per 1 Sq.:
|
Materials |
Units per Sq. |
|||
|
Kg. |
Lb. |
Bags |
cu.yd. |
|
|
Portland Cement White |
101.5 |
224.7 |
2.39 |
- |
|
Sand |
203.0 |
447.54 |
- |
0.166 |
|
Superplasticizer |
1.01 |
2.23 |
- |
- |
|
Color Admixture |
4.06 |
8.95 |
- |
- |
Cost of materials will be as follows:
|
Materials |
Unit |
Unit Price |
Quantity |
Cost |
|
Portland Cement White |
Bag |
$ 15.65 |
2.39 |
$ 37.40 |
|
Sand |
Cu. Yd. |
17.85 |
0.166 |
2.96 |
|
Superplasticizer |
Lb. |
2.59 |
2.23 |
5.78 |
|
Color Admixture |
Lb. |
0.85 |
8.95 |
7.60 |
|
Total, $$ per Sq. 53.74 |
||||
* Price of superplastisizer is taken from List of prices of "Specco Industries, Inc.", producing this admixture.
Assume Labor Crew C-80, Labor price of 1 M.h. $32.03, required time to perform all operations for making 100 pieces of roof tile, i.e. remolding, preparing molds, preparing the mixture, casting, and installation on curing 2 molds (100 pieces) is approximately 1 hour.
Required expense of energy: 328.14 Kilo joules/kg x 360 kg = 118,130 Kilo joules/Sq., i.e.32.8 Kwt-hr./Sq. Assuming price of 1 Kwt-hr $0.21, cost of energy = $6.89, i.e. approximately $7.0 per Sq.
Estimated cost of technological equipment
Assumed weight of basic technological equipment accordingly projects: mixer 1,300kg, 15 molds for casting 50 pieces into each - 15 x 650 = 9750 kg., vibro-table - 300 kg. Total weight = 11350 kg. Expected cost of this equipment $175,000 (There is information about the price of the mixer is $20,000. Costs of other items are determined by assuming the price of 1 kg of equipment equal $20,000/1300 = $15.38).
The expected cost of machinery:
List of price - $175,000
Less: Cash discount
(0.03x175,000) - $5,250
Net purchase price - $169,750
Freight - $6,375
Assembly and installation - $700
Foundation - $300
------------------------------------------
Total Expected cost of machinery - $177,125
Depreciation expenses are determined assuming the straight-line method, residual value 10% of total cost and 5-years class accordingly "Classes for Tax Reform Act of 1986", as qualified technological equipment:
(Cost - Residual value)/ Estimated units of production during 5 years =
($177,125 - $17,712) / (5 years x 2080 Sq.) = $15.33 per Sq.
The expenses, determined per 1 Sq. of roof tiles are given below:
|
Account titles |
Expenses $ per 1 Sq. |
|
Materials |
53.74 |
|
Wages, salaries |
32.03 |
|
FICA, FUT., SUTA |
5.65 |
|
Union |
1.00 |
|
Energy for technological process |
7.00 |
|
Freight |
5.07 |
|
Advertisement expenses |
4.59 |
|
Bag debts |
1.53 |
|
Bank Checking |
1.88 |
|
Depreciation expenses. |
15.33 |
|
Insurance |
16.18 |
|
Rent |
6.02 |
|
Telephone |
1.05 |
|
Utilities |
1.19 |
|
Supplies |
1.87 |
|
Total expenses |
154.13 |
Taking into account the Net Income as 35% of Gross Income the expected price of 1 Sq. roof tile will equal $154.13 / (1-0.35) = $237.12. Therefore the expected annual income for this kind of the small business can be equal to $237.12 x 0.35 x 2080 = $172,623.
Compared with received expected selling price with values of bare material costs in "Means Building Construction Cost Data", Section 073 202 'Clay tile, ASTM C1167", received price $237.12 per Sq. is less than clay tiles costs ($370 - $805).
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