HUMAN SEXUALITY IN THE BIBLE

AN INDEX

 

By Norman Elliott Anderson

Contents

 

Summary

 

This is a detailed topical index covering sexuality, marriage, and women in the Bible, inclusive of the Apocrypha/Deuteronocanonical Books.

Preface

 

Over two decades ago, I began to index the references to sexuality and marriage in the Bible as part of a larger project on the philosophy and theology of marriage and sexuality. Recently I decided to expand the scope to include women and women's issues, although the central focus remains marriage and sexuality.

The task is daunting. Keep in mind that an entire order of the Talmud, namely Nashim, is devoted to such issues, plus some tractates outside of that order, including Niddah and Zabim. This is simply to indicate that attention to detail and to the variety of interpretation is essential. The Bible, including the Tanach (Old Testament), the Deuterocanonical Books (Apocrypha), and the New Testament has to be read through repeatedly; and biblical genealogies have to be carefully analyzed. Ancient sources have to be scoured in order to see how the Bible was being interpreted and applied in the context of canonical communities. And the literature on sexuality in the Bible has to be heavily consulted in order to inform the index as to the way various texts have been read by scholars.

The point is not to create a concordance, that is, a list of word occurrences. Rather it is to compile a topical index. Occasionally words are indexed, but the focus is upon ideas, practices, and relationships.

My observation is that topical indices to the Bible, internal referencing systems in various editions of the Bible, and even articles in Bible dictionaries have, in general, slighted sexuality. Prudishness has been the rule, even in this day and age when sexuality is one of the burning issues in canonical communities. I confess that I have to overcome a certain reticence of my own; but these days it is essential to recover the level of detail and frankness that some scholars of other eras took for granted. This index tries to do just that.

One of the glaring faults of so much that has been written on sexuality in the Bible is anachronism, that is, reading back into the Bible attitudes not appropriate to the time. Indeed some traditions have a huge stake in misinterpretation of the Bible, particularly some that are inclined towards an unsophisticated application. This index tries to overcome anachronism, in part by evaluating the relevance of a reference to the topical entry. This scale is used for the purpose:

These evaluations are sometimes well informed, sometimes less so; and occasionally they are influenced by my own (fairly distinctive) reconstruction of ideas regarding marriage and sexuality over the course of biblical history. I anticipate that these evaluations will be one of the most controversial aspects of the index, for example, when the proof-texting approach to the monogamous ethic is left without its familiar footing.

However, the point is not to be controversial, but to be helpful. Thus an entry for "Jesus as married" is not to assert that Jesus was married, but to provide data that will assist users of the index in making that determination for themselves.

This document as posted is still in the process of maturation. Those wishing to pursue a topic within the scope of the index or to make suggestions are welcome, indeed encouraged, to contact me.

 

Abbreviations

AB

Anchor Bible

James

The Apocryphal New Testament, translated by Montague Rhodes James (1924)

LCL

Loeb Classical Library

LXX

Septuagint (ancient Greek version of the Tanach/Old Testament and the Deuterocanonical books/Apocrypha)

NAB

New American Bible

NASB

New American Standard Bible

NJB

New Jerusalem Bible

NRSV

New Revised Standard Version

PRU

Le Palais Royal d'Ugarit, ed. C.F.A. Schaeffer and J. Nougayrol

Schneemelcher

New Testament Apocrypha. Revised edition, edited by Wilhelm Schneemelcher; English translation edited by R. McL. Wilson (1991-1992)

vs.

verse

 

The Index

 

Abigail

see David and Abigail

Abimelech

see Rebeccah and Abimelech
see Sarah given to Abimelech

Abishag

see David and Abishag

Abomination in sexual matters

see also Vice catalogs

Abortion

  • Jeremiah 20:17 (tentative); cf. Mishnah Niddah 3:2 ("What is not the form of a hunan being is not accounted human young")
    • see also Infanticide
    see also Womb

    Absalom and his father's concubines

  • 2 Samuel 12:11-12; 16:21-22
    • see also Coitus as means of usurpation
    see also Incest (male as ego): Father's concubine
    see also Reuben and his father's concubine

    Abstinence

  • Exodus 19:15; Ruth 1:13; Hosea 3:3 (tentative); Judith 16:22 (in widowhood)
    • see also Celibacy
    see also Cultic purity for battle entailing sexual abstinence

    Abuse of women

  • Genesis 31:50; Judges 19:25

    • Adam and Eve

  • Tobit 8:6

    • Adoption

  • Genesis 30:3 (tentative); Exodus 2:10 (tentative); Job 31:18 (dubious); John 19:26-27 (tentative; adoption of a mother); Romans 8:15-17, 23; 9:4; Galatians 4:5; Ephesians 1:5; Hebrews 11:24; cf. Matthew 3:9; Luke 3:8

    • Adulterers

  • Leviticus 20:10; Job 24:15; Psalm 50:18; Isaiah 57:3 (LXX?); Jeremiah 9:2; 23:10; Hosea 7:4; Malachi 3:5; Wisdom 3:16; Sirach 25:2; Luke 18:11; 1 Corinthians 6:9; Hebrews 13:4

    • Adulteresses

  • Leviticus 20:10; Proverbs 5:20; 6:24, 26; 7; 30:20; Ezekiel 16:32; 23:45; Hosea 3:1; John 8:3 (in some manuscripts); Romans 7:3; James 4:4

    • Adultery

  • Genesis 12:17; 20:3; 26:10; 39:9 (dubious, in these references from Genesis, that the issue has to do with sexuality per se; it may have to do with national inheritance); Exodus 20:14 = Deuteronomy 5:18; Jeremiah 7:9; 13:27; 23:14; Hosea 4:2; Sirach 23:18; Matthew 5:27; 19:18; Mark 10:19; Luke 18:20; John 4:18 (highly dubious; in this story of the Samaritan woman, the one not her husband may have been her father, her son, another male relative, or Jesus himself); Romans 2:22; 13:9; Galatians 5:19 (in some manuscripts); James 2:11; 2 Peter 2:14
    • see also Marriage restricted
    see also Vice catalogs

    Adultery defined

  • Leviticus 18:20; 20:10; Deuteronomy 22:22 (for a man, it is to take a fellow's wife; for a woman it is to take a man other than her husband)
    • see also Polyandry
    see also Polygyny

    Adultery in broad or metaphorical sense

  • Jeremiah 3:8-9; Ezekiel 23:37; Matthew 5:32 (tentative); 12:39; 16:4; 19:9 (tentative); Mark 8:38; 10:11-12 (tentative); Luke 16:18 (tentative); James 4:4; Revelation 2:22
    • see also Harlotry as image

    Adultery in heart

  • Matthew 5:27-28; 15:19; Mark 7:21; cf. Job 31:7; Wisdom 14:26
    • see also Cultic impurity regarding sexual matters
    see also Looking at a woman

    Adultery includes violation of betrothal

    see also Betrothal

    Adultery of female

  • Leviticus 19:20 (tentative); 20:10; Numbers 5:11-31; Deuteronomy 22:22; 2 Samuel 11:4; Psalm 51; Jeremiah 3:1-3; Ezekiel 16:38; 23:37, 43; Hosea 2:2; 4:13-14; Sirach 23:22-27 (note the rationale against adultery in verse 23; cf. Numbers Rabbah 9:2); 26:9; Matthew 5:32; 14:4 (double offense: taking a living brother's wife and adultery); Mark 6:17-18; 10:12; John 8:3-11 (textual problem); Acts 24:24 (Drusilla had been seduced away from her first husband by Felix; cf. Josephus, Antiquities 20:141-143); cf. Susanna 20-23, 37
    • see also Genitals of another man touched by wife
    see also Giving a man's wife to another
    see also Harlotry
    see also Trial by ordeal of suspected adulteress
    see also Wife as harlot
    see also Wife to become harlot
    see also Woman of wickedness

    Adultery of female tolerated

  • Judges 15:1-7; 19:3; Jeremiah 3:12-13; Hosea 2:7; 4:10-15, 18; cf. John 8:3-11
    • see also Coitus as means of usurpation
    see also Giving a man's wife to another -- Father
    see also Giving a man's wife to another -- Husband
    see also Polyandry
    see also Remarrying former wife
    see also Rebeccah and Abimelech
    see also Sarah given to Abimelech
    see also Sarai given to Pharoah
    see also Taking back wayward wife or concubine
    see also Taking back wayward wife or concubine as image

    Adultery of male

  • Leviticus 18:20=20:10; Leviticus 19:20 (tentative); Deuteronomy 22:22; 2 Samuel 11:4; Esther 7:8 (mistaken?); Job 31:9-11; Psalm 51; Proverbs 6:24-35; Jeremiah 5:7; 23:14; 29:23; Ezekiel 18:6; Wisdom 14:24, 26 (note association with impurity); Sirach 9:9 (tentative); 41:21-22 (tentative); Susanna 20; Matthew 5:32; 14:4; 19:9; Mark 6:17-18; 10:11; Luke 16:18; Acts 24:24 (Felix had seduced Drusilla away from her first husband; cf. Josephus, Antiquities 20:141-143); Revelation 2:22

    • Adultery punished

  • Leviticus 18:20, 29 ("cut off"); 19:20-22 (punishment, but not death; guilt offering); 20:10 (death); Numbers 5:27 (become a curse); Deuteronomy 22:22 (death); 22:13-27 (death by stoning); John 8:5 (textual problem; stoning)
    • see also Nakedness as punishment

    Afterbirth

  • Deuteronomy 28:57
    • see also Childbirth

    Agapê (Greek word) as charitable love

  • 1 Corinthians 13; James 2:8; 1 Peter 1:22; 4:8; 1 John 2:10; 3:11-23; 4:7-21; 5:1-3; 2 John 5-6
    • see also Love

    Agapê (Greek word) as bonding between human beings

  • 2 Samuel 1:26 (LXX); Ephesians 5:25, 28, 33; Colossians 3:14, 19

    • Age difference

  • Genesis 17:17; 38:11; Ruth 1:12

    • Age for marriage

    Cf. Mishnah Aboth 5:21 (at 18 one is fit for the bride-chamber); Mishnah Niddah 5:3-5 (a boy one day old suffices to hold his childless brother's widow in the bonds of levirate marriage; at nine years and one day, if he has intercourse with her, she becomes his wife; a girl three years old and one day may be betrothed by intercourse); 10:1 (sexual intercourse prior to menarche); bYebamoth 62b (recommends marriage for girls at age of puberty); bQiddushin 2b (a girl younger than twelve-and-a-half could not refuse a marriage arranged by her father)

    see Age of Uzziah

    Aliens

  • Exodus 12:19; 20:10; 22:21; Leviticus 16:29; 17:8, 10, 12; 18:26; 19:33-34; 20:2; 22:18; 23:22; 24:16; 25:6, 23, 45-47; Numbers 15:14-16, 26, 29; 35:15; Deuteronomy 1:16; 10:18-19; 14:21; 24:14, 17, 19-21; 26:11-13; 27:19; 28:43; 29:11; 31:12; 1 Peter 1:1; 2:11
    • see also Council of Jerusalem
    see also "Cut off" offenses

    Alliance through marriage

  • Genesis 34:9, 16, 21; 1 Kings 3:1; 2 Chronicles 18:1; Daniel 2:43 (tentative); 10:6; 11:17 (tentative); 1 Maccabees 10:54; 11:9-10

    • Amniotic fluid

  • John 3:5 (tentative; however, see Ezekiel 36:25-26)
    • see also Childbirth

    Anal intercourse

  • Genesis 19:5; Leviticus 18:22 = 20:13; Deuteronomy 23:17; Judges 19:22-24 (cf. 20:6); 1 Kings 14:24; 15:12; 22:46; 2 Kings 23:7; Proverbs 23:27 (tentative); Romans 1:27; 1 Corinthains 6:9; 1 Timothy 1:10; Jude 7; Revelation 21:8; 22:15 (all of these references are false, except by possible implication in a same sex setting; however, the obverse of Lev 18:22 = 20:13 may suggest that lying with a female as with a male is permitted, provided other prohibitions do not apply)
    • see also Homosexual activity (male)
    see also Prostitution, Cult (male)
    see also Unnatural sexual acts

    Androgynous origin of humankind

  • Genesis 1:27 (dubious); 5:2 (dubious)

    • Animal mates

  • Isaiah 34:16

    • Animals as part of the house of Israel and Judah

  • Jeremiah 31:27

    • Anomalies that don't appear to fit the law on sexual relations

  • 2 Samuel 3:7-8 (the guilt may have been due to making a play for kingship; compare 2 Samuel 12:8; 16:21-22); Romans 1:26 (lesbian activity is nowhere specifically disallowed in the Torah, however this is probably not a specific reference to lesbian activity either)
    • see also Coitus as means of usurpation
    see also Homosexual activity (female)

    Apostles married

  • 1 Corinthians 9:5; Acts 21:4-5??; cf. Acts 21:8-9 (Philip the Evangelist and his four daughters); Papias, Fragments 3:9 (Philip, "the Apostle," had daughters according to this text, but the reference is probably to the family mentioned in Acts 21:8-9; see Eusebius, Historia Ecclesiastica 3.39.9); 5 (ditto; see Philip Sidetes, Christianike Historia); Eusebius, Historia Ecclesiastica 3.31.3 (ditto); Coptic Bartholomew Texts K1 ii (Judas Iscariot has a wife in this text; see Schneemelcher 1.554)
    • see also Bishops (overseers) of church married
    see also Deacons of church married
    see also Elders of church married
    see also Jesus as married
    see also Jesus' kin: Brothers' wives
    see also Paul married
    see also Paul without a wife
    see also Paul's married helpers
    see also Peter married

    "Approach" as euphemism for coitus

  • Isaiah 8:3
    • see also Coitus

    Aquila

    see Priscilla and Aquila

    Arranged marriage

    see also Giving a woman in marriage
    Contrast:

    "Arrow" as metaphor for phallus

  • Sirach 26:12
    • see also "Feet" as euphemism for male genitalia
    see also "Finger" as euphemism for male genitalia
    see also Genitals
    see also "Hand" as euphemism for male genitalia
    see also "Loins" as male reproductive organs
    see also Testicles ("thigh") and oath-making
    see also "Thigh" as euphemism for testicles
    see also "Vessel" as euphemism for penis

    Arsenokoitês (Greek word)

    Literally, "male-copulator." The meaning is disputed. It may mean male homosexual, male prostitute, or promiscuous male. Probably it harkens back to Leviticus 18:22.

  • 1 Corinthians 6:9; 1 Timothy 1:10
    • see also Vice catalogs

    Asenath

  • Genesis 41:45, 50; 46:19

    • Asherah

    see Obscenity of Asherah

    Athaliah

  • 2 Kings 11:1-4, 13-16, 20; 2 Chronicles 22:10-12; 23:12-15, 21; 24:7
    • see also Women rule

    Authority of women over men disallowed

  • 1 Corinthians 11:2-16; 1 Timothy 2:12
    • see also Headship

    Babylon as woman

  • 2 Esdras 15:43-46, 48; Revelation 14:8; 16:19; 17:1-19:4
    • see also Woman of the Apocalypse
    see also Woman of wickedness

    Bad breath

  • Job 19:17
    • see also Bodies

    Baldness

  • Leviticus 13:40-44; 2 Kings 2:23-24
    • see also Bodies
    see also Shaved head

    Banquet

    see Wedding banquet

    Barrenness

    see also Giving a woman in marriage

    According to some findings in modern science, arranged marriages have a higher incidence of infertility than love matches.

    Barrenness of female

  • Genesis 11:30; 16:1; 20:18; 25:21; 29:31; 30:1-2, 22-24; Exodus 23:26; Deuteronomy 7:14; Judges 13:2-3; 1 Samuel 1:2,5-6; 2:5; 2 Samuel 6:23; 2 Kings 4:14; Job 24:21; Proverbs 30:16; Psalm 113:9; Is 49:21; 54:1; Hosea 9:11; 2 Esdras 9:43; 10:45; Wisdom 3:13; Sirach 42:10; Luke 1:7; 23:29; Romans 4:19; Galatians 4:27
    • see also Childlessness
    see also Womb

    Barrenness of male

  • Exodus 23:26 (tentative); Deuteronomy 7:14; Wisdom 3:13 (tentative)

    • Battle

    see Cultic purity for battle entailing sexual abstinence

    Barzillai, an adopted name from wife's family

  • Ezra 2:61; Nehemiah 7:63; 1 Esdras 5:38
    • see also Name taken from wife's family

    Bathing

  • Leviticus 14:8; 15:5-13, 18; 22:6; Deuteronomy 23:11; 2 Samuel 11:2; 1 Kings 22:38; 2 Kings 5:10-14; 2 Chronicles 4:6; Ezekiel 23:40; Daniel 4:9, 23, 25, 33; 5:21; Judith 12:7; Sirach 34:25; Susanna 15, 17
    • see also Bodies

    Bathsheba

    see David and Bathsheba

    Beasts

    see Animal mates
    see Bestiality

    Beauty

  • Sirach 40:22

    • Beauty as image

  • Wisdom 8:2

    • Beauty of female

  • Genesis 12:11; 24:16; 26:7; 29:17; Judges 15:2; 1 Samuel 25:3 (combined with intelligence); 2 Samuel 11:2; 13:1; 14:27; 1 Kings 1:4; 20:3; Esther 1:11; 2:2-3, 7, 12; Additions to Esther 15:5 = 5:1b; Job 42:15; Psalm 45:11; Proverbs 6:25; 31:30; Song of Songs 1:5, 8, 15; 2:13-14; 4:1, 7; 6:1, 4, 10; 7:1, 6; Isaiah 4:18, 24; Ezekiel 16:13-15, 25; Amos 8:13; Zechariah 9:17; 1 Esdras 4:18-19; 2 Esdras 10:50; 15:54; Tobit 6:12; Judith 8:7; 10:7, 14, 19, 23; 11:21, 23; 12:13; 16:7, 9; Sirach 9:8; 25:21; 26:16-18; 36:21-22; 42:12; Baruch 6:43 (sexual attractiveness); Susanna 2, 31-32, 56; 1 Maccabees 1:26; 4 Maccabees 2:1 (tentative)

    • Beauty of holiness

  • 1 Chronicles 16:29; 2 Chronicles 20:21; Psalm 29:2; 96:9; 110:3

    • Beauty of male

  • Genesis 39:7; Exodus 2:2; 1 Samuel 9:2; 16:12, 18; 2 Samuel 1:19; 14:25; 1 Kings 1:6; Psalm 45:2; 151:6; Proverbs 20:29; Isaiah 33:17; Song of Songs 1:16; 5:10-16; Daniel 1:4; Zechariah 9:17; Sirach 25:4-5; 2 Maccabees 3:26; 4 Maccabees 8:5, 10; Hebrews 11:23

    • Beauty of salvation

  • Psalm 149:4

    • Beauty of wisdom

  • Sirach 25:1

    • Beauty originating in God

  • Wisdom 13:3, 5; cf. Baruch 5:1

    • Bed shared

  • Luke 17:34; cf. Gospel of Thomas 61

    • Begetting

  • Psalm 2:7; Isaiah 45:10; Acts 13:33

    • Begetting children in old age

  • Genesis 21:2; 24:36; 2 Kings 4:14-19
    • see also Childbearing in old age

    Bestiality

    see also Monsters resulting from forbidden copulation

    Bestiality (human female)

  • Exodus 22:19; Leviticus 18:23 = 20:16; Romans 1:25-26 (tentative)

    • Bestiality (human male)

  • Genesis 37:2 (dubious); Exodus 22:19; Leviticus 18:23 = 20:15; Deuteronomy 27:21; Sirach 23:17 (tentative)

    • Betrothal

  • Exodus 22:16; Deuteronomy 20:7; 22:23-24; 28:30; 2 Samuel 3:14; Tobit 3:8 (tentative); 3 Maccabees 4:8 (tentative); Matthew 1:18; Lk 1:27; 2:5
    • see also Adultery includes violation of betrothal
    see also Death of husband before consummation
    see also Divorce of betrothed
    see also Taking one's betrothed wife

    Betrothal after marriage and divorce

  • Hosea 2:19-20 (cf. 1:2-3; 2:2)

    • Betrothal as image

  • Jeremiah 2:2; Hosea 2:19-20; 2 Corinthians 11:2

    • Betrothal affects marriage

  • Deuteronomy 22:23-24; 2 Samuel 3:14; note the distinctive status of betrothal in Deuteronomy 28:30; Matthew 1:18; Lk 1:27; 2:5

    • Bible (Tanach) quoted or interpreted in the New Testament

    Bill of divorce

    see Divorce bill

    Birth

    see Childbirth

    Birth after death of cuckolded husband

  • 2 Samuel 11:27
    • see also Childbirth

    Birth after death of father

  • 1 Samuel 4:20; 1 Chronicles 2:24
    • see also Childbirth

    Birth anniversary celebration

  • Matthew 14:6; Mark 6:21

    • Birth celebration

  • Luke 1:14

    • Birth of Jesus Christ

    see Jesus' nativity

    Birthright

  • Genesis 25:31-34; Deuteronomy 21:15-17; Hebrews 12:16-17
    • see also Inheritance

    Bisexuality

  • Genesis 1:27 (highly dubious); 5:2 (highly dubious)

    • Bishops (overseers) of church married

  • 1 Timothy 3:2
    • see also Apostles married
    see also Deacons of church married
    see also Elders of church married
    see also Polygyny in the New Testament

    Black women

  • Song of Songs 1:5-6 (the context suggests that the blackness is due at least in part to a tan)
    • see also Intermarriage of Moses with a Cushite woman

    Blessings

    see Childbearing as blessing for women
    see Inheritance and blessing
    see Jesus and women -- Woman in crowd with a blessing
    see Nuptial blessings
    see Sexuality as blessing
    see Wife blessed by husband
    see Womb blessed
    see Womb's blessing
    see Womb's fruit blessed

    Blessings of breast and womb

  • Genesis 49:25; Luke 11 27; 23:29; cf. Psalm 149:5
    • see also Sexuality as blessing

    Blood

    see "Cut off" offenses

    Bodies

  • 2 Esdras 6:10; Romans 1:24; 1 Corinthians 5:13-20; 7:4; 9:27; 15:35-43; 2 Corinthians 5:6-10, 16; 7:1; Ephesians 5:28-30; Philippians 3:21; James 2:26
    • see also Bathing
    see also Bad breath
    see also Baldness
    see also Breaking wind
    see also Breasts
    see also Defecation and urination
    see also Excrement
    see also Fatness of human body
    see also Genitals
    see also Hair
    see also Nails
    see also Nakedness
    see also references under Penis
    see also Temple theology of the body
    see also Womb

    Bondage games

  • Judges 16:8, 12, 14 (dubious)

    • Born again

  • John 3:3-8
    • see also Childbirth

    Born in sin

  • Psalm 51:5; John 9:34

    • Born of the spirit

  • John 1:13; 3:6

    • "Born of women"

  • Matthew 11:11; Luke 7:28

    • Breaking wind

  • Isaiah 26:18
    • see also Bodies
    see also Defecation and urination

    Breasts

  • Genesis 49:25; Job 3:12; Psalm 22:9; Proverbs 5:19; Song of Songs 1:13; 4:5; 7:3, 7-8; 8:1, 8, 10; Is 28:9; 32:12; Lamentations 2:12; 4:3; Ezekiel 16:7; 23:3, 8, 21, 34; Hosea 2:2; 9:14; Nahum 2:7; 2 Esdras 8:10; 2 Maccabees 3:19; 6:10; Luke 11 27; 23:29
    • see also Bodies
    see also Nursing

    Breeding of animals

  • Genesis 30:25-43; 31:1-12

    • Bridal chamber

  • 2 Esdras 10:1, 48; Tobit 6:13, 16; 7:16; 1 Maccabees 1:27; 3 Maccabees 1:19; 4:6; cf. 1 Kings 1:15
    • see also Chamber as suggestive of coitus

    Bridal garment

  • Deuteronomy 22:15-17

    • Bride as image

  • Isaiah 49:18; Wisdom 8:2; Sirach 15:2; Revelation 19:7-8; 21:2, 9; 22:17

    • Bride price

  • Genesis 24:53 (tentative); 31:15 (tentative); 34:12; Exodus 22:16-17; Deuteronomy 22:28-29; 1 Samuel 18:25; cf. Deuteronomy 22:19
    • see also Dowry
    see also Inheritance of women
    see also Winning a wife through valorous deeds
    see also Working for wives

    Bridegroom as image for Christ

  • Matthew 9:15; Revelation 18:23

    • Bridegrooms

  • Exodus 4:25-26; Psalm 19:5; Isaiah 61:10; 62:5; Jeremiah 7:34; 16:9; 25:10; 33:11; Joel 1:8; 2:16; 2 Esdras 16:33-34; Baruch 2:23; 1 Maccabees 1:27; 9:39; 3 Maccabees 4:8; Matthew 9:15; 25:1-13; Luke 5:34-35; John 2:19; Revelation 18:23; 19:7; 21:2, 9
    • see also Male and female
    see also Wedding

    Brides

  • Isaiah 61;10; 62:5; Jeremiah 2:32; 7:34; 16:9; 25:10; 33:11; Hosea 4:13-14; Joel 2:16; Baruch 2:23; 1 Maccabees 1:27; 9:27; 3 Maccabees 1:19; 4:6; John 2:19; Revelation 18:23; 19:7, 21:2, 9
    • see also Male and female
    see also Wedding

    Bridesmaids

  • Matthew 25:1-13 (tentative)

    • Burial of husband and wife together

  • Tobit 4:4; 14:10, 12; Judith 16:23

    • Cana

  • John 2:1, 11

    • Capture leading to marriage

  • Deuteronomy 21:10-14; Judges 21:20-23
    • see also Victory in war to gain wife
    see also Women as spoils of war

    Caresses

  • Proverbs 7:18; Ezekiel 23:3
    • see also Fondling
    see also Embracing

    Celibacy

  • Matthew 19:12 (tentative); 1 Corinthians 7:1 (tentative); 7:7 (tentative), 27 (dubious), 29 (dubious); 1 Timothy 4:1-5 (tentative); Revelation 14:4 (this is actually a reference to virgin males)
    • see also Abstinence
    see also Troubled times and marriage
    see also Virgin males

    Celibacy, Temporary

  • 1 Samuel 21:4-5 (dubious; probably has to do with cultic cleanness); Jeremiah 16:1-4; 1 Corinthians 7:5

    • Chamber as suggestive of coitus

  • Judges 15:1; 16:9; 1 Kings 1:15 (for interpretation, see bSanhedrin 22a); 2 Kings 4:11-17 (dubious); Song of Solomon 1:4; 3:4
    • see also Bridal chamber

    Charm

  • Proverbs 31:30; Song of Solomon 7:6

    • Chasteness

  • Titus 2:5; 1 Peter 3:2

    • Childbearing

  • 2 Esdras 5:46-47, 51-53; Matthew 1:21; 1 Timothy 5:14

    • Childbearing and death

  • Genesis 35:16-20

    • Childbearing as blessing for woman

  • Genesis 17:16; 24:60; 35:17

    • Childbearing as equalizing factor

  • 1 Corinthians 11:11-12; 1 Timothy 2:15; cf. Job 14:1; 15:14; 25:4

    • Childbearing as means of salvation

  • Matthew 9:20-22 (tentative; the woman with a vaginal hemorrhage had her reproductive health restored and this was associiated with her salvation); Mark 5:24-34 (tentative); Luke 8:42-48 (tentative); 1 Timothy 2:15; cf. 1 Corinthians 11:12
    • see also Children as cultically unclean versus holy
    see also Male and female "in Christ"

    Childbearing in old age

  • Genesis 21:2; 24:36; 2 Esdras 9:45; 10:46; Luke 1:5-25, 36, 57-66; Romans 4:19; Hebrews 11:11; cf. Isaiah 46:4; contrast 2 Esdras 5:49
    • see also Begetting children in old age
    see also Coitus in old age
    see also Post-menopausal

    Childbirth

  • Genesis 3:16; Exodus 1:16; 2:2; Leviticus 12:2, 5, 7; Deuteronomy 28:57; 1 Samuel 4:19; 2 Kings 19:3; 1 Chronicles 4:9; Job 3:3, 10; Song of Songs 8:5; Isaiah 13:8; 21:3; 23:4; 26:17-18; 37:3; 42:14; 45;10; 46:3--4; 51:2; 66:7-9; Hosea 13:13; Micah 4:9-10; 5:3; 2 Esdras 4:42; 6:21; 10:12; 16:38-39; Wisdom 7:3-6; Sirach 7:27; 19:11; Baruch 6:29; 4 Maccabees 15:4, 16; 16:8; Luke 1:57; 2:6-7; John 3:4; 16:21; 1 Thessalonians 5:3; Revelation 12:2-5; cf. Job 39:3; Psalm 29:9
    • see also Afterbirth
    see also Amniotic fluid
    see also Birth after ...
    see also Born again
    see also Conception
    see also Midwives
    see also Miscarriage
    see also Pregnancy
    see also Premature birth
    see also Still birth
    see also Womb

    Childbirth and uncleanness

  • Leviticus 12

    • Childbirth as image

  • Psalm 48:6; Ez 16:4; Sirach 34:5; 48:19; Mark 13:8
    • see also Rebirth

    Childlessness

  • Genesis 15:2; 1 Chronicles 2:30, 32; 24:2. 28; 2 Esdras 16:44; Tobit 3:9; Wisdom 3:13-14; 4:1; Sirach 16:3; 4 Maccabees 16;9; Luke 1:7
    • see also Barrenness

    Childlessness as curse

  • 1 Samuel 15:33; Jeremiah 18:21; 2 Esdras 1:34; 2:6; contrast Wisdom 3:13-14; 4:1

    • Children

    see also Godly offspring

    Children a gift

  • Psalm 127:3-5; 128:3-4; 4 Maccabees 16:9; contrast Sirach 41:9
    • see also Womb's fruit a blessing

    Children as cultically unclean versus holy

  • 1 Corinthians 7:14
    • see also Childbearing as means of salvation

    Children of harlots

  • Judges 11:1-2
    • see also Illegitimate children

    Children turned out with their mothers

  • Genesis 21:10-14 (cf. 25:6); Ezra 10:3, 44

    • Circumcision

  • Genesis 17:10-14, 23-27; 21:4; 34:14-27; Exodus 4:25-26; 12:44, 48-49; Leviticus 12:3; Joshua 5:2-8; 2 Esdras 1:31; Judith 14:10; 1 Maccabees 1:60-61; 2 Maccabees 6:10; 4 Maccabees 4:25; Luke 1:59; 2:21; John 7:22-23; Acts 7:8; 10:45; 11:2; 15:1, 5; 16:3 (cf. 2 Timothy 3:15); 21:21; 1 Corinthians 7:18-20; Galatians 2:3, 7-9, 12; 5:2-3, 6, 11; 6:12-13, 15; Ephesians 2:11; Philippians 3:3, 5; Colossians 2:11; 3:11; 4:11; Titus 1:10
    • see also "Cut off" offenses
    see also Mutilation of body
    see also Uncircumcised

    Circumcision by women

  • 2 Maccabees 6:10; 4 Maccabees 4:25; cf. 1 Maccabees 1:60-61

    • Circumcision forced

  • 1 Maccabees 2:46

    • Circumcision of heart

  • Deuteronomy 10:16; 30:6; contrast Leviticus 28:41
    • see also Uncicumcision in heart

    Circumcision reversed

  • 1 Maccabees 1:14
    • see also Uncircumcised of Israel

    Cleaving

  • Genesis 2:24; 1 Esdras 4:20; Matthew 19:5

    • Clothing

  • Matthew 6:25-34; Luke 12:22-31
    • see also Nakedness

    Clothing type prohibited

  • Deuteronomy 22:5
    • see also Transvestites

    Cohabitation

    see Taking one's betrothed wife

    Coitus

  • Genesis 2:24-25; 3:6, 12 (false reference); Leviticus 15:18; Proverbs 23:27 (tentative); Ezekiel 23:8, 10, 17-18; Wisdom 7:2; Susanna 11, 20, 37, 54, 58; Matthew 1:25 (implied?); Romans 13:13; Hebrews 13:4; cf. Tobit 6:16; 7:16-8:13
    • see also "Approach" as euphemism for coitus
    see also Koite
    see also "Know" as euphemism for coitus
    see also "Lay with" as euphemism for coitus
    see also Post-coital condition
    see also "Sleep with" as euphemism for coitus
    see also "Wash feet" as euphemism for coitus
    see also "Went into" as euphemism for coitus

    Coitus after pregnancy

  • 2 Samuel 11:5-13; contrast Matthew 1:25
    • see also Pregnancy

    Coitus as means of usurpation

  • 2 Samuel 3:7-8 (dubious); 12:8 (dubious); 16:21-22 (tentative); cf. 1 Kings 2:13-25
    • see also Absalom and his father's concubines
    see also Anomalies that don't appear to fit the law on sexual relations
    see also Rebeccah and Abimelech
    see also Sarah given to Abimelech
    see also Sarai given to Pharoah

    Coitus between breasts

  • Hosea 2:2 (dubious)

    • Coitus connected to original sin

  • Psalm 51:5 (dubious)
    • see also Original sin

    Coitus described

  • Job 31:10; Song of Songs 1:6; 5:1; 8:3

    • Coitus during menstruation

  • Leviticus 15:24-25, 33; 18:19 = 20:18; Ezekiel 18:6; 22:10; Sirach 23:17 (possibly a subcategory of what is being referred to); 1 Corinthians 7:5 (tentative)
    • see also Cultic impurity regarding sexual matters

    Coitus in old age

  • Genesis 21:2; 24:36
    • see also Childbearing in old age

    Coitus in open air

  • 2 Samuel 12:11-12; 16:22; Song of Songs 7:12; Susanna 36-39
    • see also Sexual activity in view of others

    Coitus interruptus

  • Genesis 38:9-10

    • Coitus prior to marital arrangement

  • Genesis 34:2-4; Exodus 22:16-17; Deuteronomy 22:28-29; 2 Samuel 13:16; Sirach 42:10; cf. Judith 13:16; 14:14

    • Coitus prior to the Fall

  • Genesis 2:24-25

    • Conception

  • Exodus 2:2; Numbers 5:28; 1 Samuel 2:21; Job 3:3; Psalm 51:5; Hosea 9:11; Matthew 1:18-20; Luke 1:24, 31, 35-36; 2:21; Hebrews 11:11
    • see also Childbirth
    see also Pregnancy
    see also Womb

    Conception announced by angel

  • Judges 13:2-24 (Samson); Matthew 1:20-21 (Jesus); Luke 1:8-24 (John the Baptist); Luke 1:26-38 (Jesus)

    • Concubines

  • Genesis 16:3(?); 22:24; 25:6; 35:22; Judges 8:31; 19; 1 Samuel 3:7-8; 2 Samuel 3:7-8; 15:16; 16:21-22; 19:5; 20:3; 21:11; 1 Kings 11:3; 1 Chronicles 1:32; 7:14; 2 Chronicles 11:21; Esther 2:14; Song of Songs 6:8; Daniel 5:2, 23; 1 Esdras 4:29-31; 2 Maccabees 4:30
    • see also Courtesans

    Conjugal rights of female

  • Exodus 21:10; 1 Corinthians 7:3, 5

    • Conjugal rights of male

  • 1 Corinthians 7:3, 5

    • Conscience clear

  • 1 John 3:21; cf. James 4:17

    • Considerateness towards wife

  • 1 Corinthians 7:3-5, 33-34; Ephesians 5:21-33; 1 Peter 3:7

    See also Treatment of women

    •

    Consummation

    see Death of husband before consummation

    Conversion makes marriageable

  • Ruth 1:16; 4:11 (tentative)
    • see also Intermarriage

    Cornerstone

  • Psalm 118:22; Isaiah 28:16; Acts 4:11; Ephesians 2:20; 1 Peter 2:4-8; cf. 1 Corinthians 3:11

    • Cosmetics

  • 2 Kings 9:30; Esther 2:3, 9, 12; Ezekiel 23:40

    • Council of Jersualem

  • Acts 15; 16:4; 21:25; Galatians 2 (tentative)
    • see also Aliens
    see also "Cut off" offenses
    see also Nations

    Courtesans

  • Sirach 9:3; 41:20 (vs. 22 in LXX)
    • see also Concubines
    see also Harlotry

    Covenant with bride

  • Ezekiel 16:8, 59-62; Malachi 2:14
    • see also Wedding

    Cover nakedness

  • Genesis 9:23; Ezekiel 16:8; Hosea 2:9
    • see also Nakedness
    see also Uncovered nakedness

    Cover with skirt

  • Ruth 3:9; Ezekiel 16:8
    • see also Uncover skirt

    Coveting

    see also Vice catalogs

    Coveting neighbor's female servant

  • Exodus 20:17; Sirach 21:22; Mark 7:22 (possible association); Romans 1:29 (possible association); 1 Corinthians 5:10-11 (possible association); 6:10 (possible association); Ephesians 5:3, 5 (possible association); Colossians 3:5 (possible association); 2 Peter 2:3, 14 (possible association)

    • Coveting neighbor's wife

  • Exodus 20:17 = Deuteronomy 5:21; 4 Maccabees 2:5; Mark 7:22 (possible association); Romans 1:29 (possible association); 1 Corinthians 5:10-11 (possible association); 6:10 (possible association); Ephesians 5:3, 5 (possible association); Colossians 3:5 (possible association); 2 Peter 2:3, 14 (possible association)

    • Cozbi

    see Zimri and Cozbi

    Cult prostitution

    see Prostitution, Cult

    Cultic impurity regarding sexual matters

    see also Adultery in heart
    see also Coitus during menstruation
    see also"Cut off" offenses
    see also Discharge by female and uncleanness
    see also Menstrual uncleanness
    see also Porneia
    see also Seminal emission and uncleanness
    see also Vice catalogs

    Cultic impurity set aside

  • 2 Chronicles 30:17-20

    • Cultic purity

  • Acts 10:15 ("what God has cleansed, no longer consider unholy"); Titus 1:15 ("to the pure all things are pure"); 1 John 3:3 (purified by hope in God); cf. 1 Corinthians 10:23 ("all things are lawful, but not all things edify")

    • Cultic purity for battle entailing sexual abstinence

  • 1 Samuel 21:5; cf. 2 Samuel 11:11; War of Sons of Light 2:2-4
    • see also Abstinence

    Cunnilingus

    Customs of marriage

  • Genesis 29:26; cf. 2 Kings 17:26-27

    • Customs of nations

  • Acts 14:16; 16:21; 21:21 (Jewish customs abandoned); 25:16

    • "Cut off" offenses (as they relate to the theological underpinning of Acts 15)

    see also Bible (Tanach) quoted or interpreted in the New Testament
    see also Council of Jerusalem
    see also Cultic impurity regarding sexual matters
    see also Aliens
    see also Circumcision
    see also Porneia

    "Cut off" offenses forgiven

  • Psalm 31:22; John 8:3-11; 2 Corinthians 2:5-11; 7:8-12 (cf. 1 Corinthians 5:2)

    • "Cut off" provisions

  • 3 Maccabees 2:33 (tentative)

    • "Cut off" remedy applied to body parts

  • Matthew 5:29-30; 18:7-9; Mark 9:43-47

    • Dancing

  • Exodus 15:20; 32:19; Judges 11:34; 21:21, 23; 1 Samuel 18:6; 21:11; 29:5; 30:16; 2 Samuel 6:14-16; 1 Kings 18:26; 1 Chronicles 13:8 (tentative); 15:29; Psalm 30:11; 149:3; 150:4; Jeremiah 31:4; Lamentations 5:15; Judith 3:7; 15:12-13; Matthew 11:17; 14:6; Mark 6:22; Luke 7:32

    • Daughters

  • Micah 7:6; Matthew 10:35
    • see also Male and female: Sons and daughters
    see also Only-begotten daughter

    Daughters as harlots

  • Leviticus 19:29; Hosea 4:13-14; 2 Esdras 15:47; Sirach 42:9-11
    • see also Giving women for harlotry
    see also Harlot daughters of priests
    see also Harlotry

    Daughters as causing anxiety for fathers

  • Sirach 42:9-11
    • see also Woman under care of father

    Daughters of Abraham

  • Luke 13:16

    • Daughters of Sarah

  • 1 Peter 3:6

    • Daughters sold into slavery

  • Exodus 21:7; Neh 5:5
    • see also Servants (female)

    David and Abigail

  • 1 Samuel 25; 27:3; 2 Samuel 2:2; 3:3
    • see also Polygyny of David

    David and Abishag

  • 1 Kings 1:3-4, 15; 2:13-25; for interesting comment, see bSanhedrin 22a
    • see also Polygyny of David

    David and Bathsheba = Bath-shua

  • 2 Samuel 11:2-27; 12:1-25; 1 Kings 1:11-21; 28-31; 2:13-25; 1 Chronicles 3:5; Matthew 1:6
    • see also Polygyny of David
    see also Rebecca and Abimelech
    see also Sarah given to Abimelech
    see also Sarai (Sarah) given to Pharoah

    Note: There are at least two possible similarities between the stories of Sarah, Rebecca, and Bathsheba: (a) the very real threat of death for their husbands and (b) the possibility of offspring with a dual claim, on the one hand to an inheritance, where contention was a serious threat, on the other to a foreign heritage.

    David and Jonathan

  • 1 Samuel 18:1-4; 19:1; 20:3, 8, 16-17, 23, 41-42; 23:18; 2 Samuel 1:26; 21:7

    • David and Michal

  • 1 Samuel 14:49; 18:20-29; 19:11-17; 25:44; 2 Samuel 3:12-16; 6:16-23; 1 Chronicles 15:29
    • see also Polygyny of David

    Deacons of church married

  • 1 Timothy 3:12; Acts 21:8-9 (Philip, the evangelist); Papias, Fragments 3:9 (Philip, "the Apostle," had daughters according to this text, but this probably refers to the family mentioned in Acts 21:8-9; see Eusebius, Historia Ecclesiastica 3.39.9); 5 (ditto; see Philip Sidetes, Christianike Historia); Eusebius, Historia Ecclesiastica 3.31.3 (ditto);
    • see also Apostles married
    see also Bishops (overseers) of church married
    see also Elders of church married
    see also Polygyny in the New Testament

    Death of husband before consummation

  • Tobit 3:8
    • see also Betrothal
    see also Widows

    Death of husband releases woman

  • Romans 7:2; 1 Corinthians 7:39; cf. Matthew 5:32; Mark 10:12; Luke 16:18
    • see also Remarriage of woman after decease of husband
    see also Remarriage of woman after divorce

    Death penalty and pregnancy

  • Genesis 38:24

    • Death penalty for sexual offenses

  • Genesis 26:11 (burning); Leviticus 20; Deuteronomy 22:21 (stoning); 22:22; 22:24-25 (stoning); Judges 15:6 (burning); 19-20 (dubious); Susanna 22-23, 28, 41, 44; John 8:5 (stoning); contrast Leviticus 19:20

    • Death penalty for sexual offenses lifted

  • John 8:11 (textual problem); Romans 1:32; 1 Corinthians 5 in relation to 2 Corinthians 2:5-11 (tentative)

    • Deborah

    see Women as prophets

    Debt servitude

    see Wife sold for debt servitude

    Defecation and urination

  • 1 Samuel 24:3; 2 Kings 10:27; Isaiah 36:12
    • see also Bodies
    see also Breaking wind
    see also Excrement

    Degradation

  • Romans 1:26

    • Delilah

  • Judges 16:4-20

    • Deliver to Satan

  • 1 Corinthians 5:5; 1 Timothy 1:20
    • see also "Cut off" offenses

    Deprivation

    see Sexual deprivation

    Descent by father

  • Matthew 1:2-17; Luke 3:23-38
    • see also Genealogy lists

    Descent by mother

  • ...
    • see also Genealogy lists

    Desire

  • 4 Maccabees 1:22; 3:2-18; 5:23

    • Desire of female

  • Genesis 3:16; 1 Timothy 5:11

    • Desire of male

  • Deuteronomy 21:11; Psalm 45:11; Song of Songs 7:10; Judith 12:16; Sirach 25:21; Baruch 6:43 (tentative); Susanna 8-14, 56; 4 Maccabees 2:1-6

    • Desires of flesh

  • Galatians 5:16-17, 24; Ephesians 2:3; 2 Peter 2:10; 2 Peter 2:10, 18; 1 John 2:16; cf. Numbers 11:4; Psalm 38:9; 78:29-30; Wisdom 4:12; Sirach 23:5
    • see also Lust

    Desires of heart

  • Sirach 5:2

    • Desires of the wicked

  • Psalm 112.10

    • Destiny and marriage

  • Tobit 6:17

    • Deuterogamy

    see Remarriage

    Digamy

    see Remarriage

    Dildos

  • Genesis 31:34-35 (dubious); Jeremiah 3:9 (dubious); Ezekiel 16:17, 36 (dubious); 23:7, 30, 37 (dubious)
    • see also Masturbation

    Dinah

  • Genesis 34; 49:5-7; Judith 9:2; 4 Maccabees 2:19

    • Discharge by female and uncleanness

  • Leviticus 15:25-30, 32-33
    • see also Cultic impurity regarding sexual matters
    see also Menstrual uncleanness

    Dissipation

  • Isaiah 22:13; 32:9; 47:8; Jeremiah 50:11

    • Divorce

    see also Polyandry
    see also Polygyny

    Divorce bill

  • Deuteronomy 24:1, 3; Isaiah 50:1; Jeremiah 3:8; Hosea 2:2 (tentative); Matthew 5:31; 19:7; Mark 10:4
    • see also Halitzah

    Divorce by believers from unbelievers encouraged

  • 2 Corinthians 6:14-18 (dubious; contrast 1 Corinthians 7:12-16)

    • Divorce by God

  • Isaiah 50:1; Jeremiah 3:8

    • Divorce by man

  • Exodus 18:2 (dubious); Deuteronomy 24:1-4; 1 Chronicles 8:8 (dubious); Esther 1:19; Matthew 1:19
    • see also Release of captured woman
    see also Remarriage of man after divorce
    see also Wife left for the kingdom of God

    Divorce by man discouraged

  • Malachi 2:14-16 (note well the polygynous social context); Sirach 7:26; Matthew 5:31-32 (with exception clause); 19:3-9 (with exception clause); Mark 10:2-12 (without exception clause); Luke 16:18 (without exception clause); 1 Corinthians 7:11-12, 27

    • Divorce by man encouraged

  • Genesis 21:10-14 (cf. 25:6); Ezra 10; 1 Esdras 8:93-96; 9:9, 20, 36; Sirach 7:26; 25:26

    • Divorce by unbeliever leaves believer free

  • 1 Corinthians 7:15

    • Divorce by woman

  • Judges 19:2 (tentative); Luke 8:3 (the Book of the Resurrection of Christ by Bartholomew the Apostle says that "Joanna the wife of Chuza ... had renounced the marriage bed")
    • see also Remarriage of woman after divorce

    Divorce by woman discouraged

  • Mark 10:12; Romans 7:2; 1 Corinthians 7:10-11, 13, 39

    • Divorce kept secret

  • Matthew 1:19

    • Divorce mistaken

  • Judges 14:20; 15:1-3

    • Divorce of betrothed

  • Matthew 1:19
    • see also Betrothal

    Divorce restricted

  • Deuteronomy 22:19, 29

    • Divorced woman ineligible

  • Matthew 5:32; Luke 16:18; cf. Justin Martyr, Apology 1:15
    • see also Remarriage of woman after divorce

    Divorced woman not for priests

  • Leviticus 21:7, 14

    • Divorced woman returns to control of father

  • Exodus 18:2 (dubious); Leviticus 22:13; Judges 14:20-15:2 (tentative); 19:2 (tentative)
    • see also Return of wife to father

    Dog as sexual epithet

  • Deuteronomy 23:18; Revelation 22:15
    • see also Vice catalogs

    Dowry (paid by husband)

    see Bride price
    see Victory in war to gain wife
    see Working for wives

    Dowry (paid by wife's father)

  • 1 Kings 9:16; Tobit 8:20-21 (tentative); 10:10 (tentative)

    • Dowry (seized by husband)

  • 2 Maccabees 1:14

    • Duty of husband

  • 1 Corinthians 7:2-6
    • see also Husbands

    Duty of wife

  • 1 Corinthians 7:2-6
    • see also Wives

    Earth as mother

  • Sirach 40:1, 11 (tentative); 2 Esdras 5:48; 10:8-14

    • Elder daughter married first

  • Genesis 29:26

    • Elders of church married

  • Titus 1:6
    • see also Apostles married
    see also Bishops (overseers) of church married
    see also Deacons of church married
    see also Polygyny in the New Testament

    Emasculation

  • Leviticus 21:20; Deuteronomy 23:1; cf. Leviticus 22:23-25
    • see also Penectomy

    Embracing

  • Sirach 30:20
    • see also Caresses

    Emission

    see Seminal emission

    Emotions

  • 4 Maccabees 6:31-7:23; 8:28; 13:1-7; 14:1; 15:1, 23, 32; 16:1-4; 18:2
    • see also Passions

    Endogamy

  • Genesis 11:29; 20:12; 24:15; 28:9; 29:12; Exodus 2:1; Numbers 26:59; Tobit 1:9; 4:12; 6:15; Judith 8:2
    • see also Incest (male as ego): Close relative limited
    see also Levirate duty
    see also Zelophehad's daughters

    Endogamy of high priest

  • Leviticus 21:14

    • Equality of male and female

    see Childbearing as equalizing factor
    see Male and female "in Christ"

    Erebu marriage

    see leaving parents (the male)

    Eschatology associated with Patriarchs

  • 2 Esdras 3:14

    • Eunuchs

  • 1 Chronicles 28:1 (tentative; LXX?); 2 Chronicles 18:8 (tentative; LXX?); Esther 1:10, 12, 15; 2:3, 14; 4:4-5; 6:2, 14; 7:9; Additions to Esther 12 = 1.1m-r; Isaiah 56:3-5; Judith 12:11; Wisdom 3:14; Sirach 20:4; 30:20; Matthew 19:12; Acts 8:27-39; cf. Mishnah Niddah 5:9 (an adult male who has not passed through puberty is considered a eunuch)
    • see also Human beings categorized as men, women, and eunuchs

    Excrement

  • Deuteronomy 23:12-13
    • see also Bodies
    see also Defecation and urination

    Exogamy

    see Intermarriage

    Eyes seductive

  • Isaiah 4:16

    • Families

  • 1 Chronicles 23:11; Zechariah 12:12-14; Ephesians 3:15; 1 Timothy 5:8

    • Families and discipleship

  • Matthew 8:21-22; 19:29; Mark 10:29-30; Luke 9:59-62; 18:28-30

    • Family strife

  • Micah 7:6; Matthew 10:21-22, 35-37; Mark 13:12; Luke 12:52-53; 21:16; Colossians 3:19-21
    • see also Hating family
    see also Polygyny and household problems

    Fatness of human body

  • Job 15:27; 21:24
    • see also Bodies

    "Feet" as euphemism for male genitalia

  • Exodus 4:25 (tentative); Ruth 3:4, 7-8, 14 (dubious); 2 Samuel 11:8 (tentative); 1 Kings 15:23 (dubious); 2 Kings 4:27 (highly dubious); Isaiah 6:2 (tentative)
    • see also "Arrow" as metaphor for phallus
    see also "Finger" as euphemism for male genitalia
    see also Genitals
    see also "Hand" as euphemism for male genitalia
    see also "Loins" as male reproductive organs
    see also Testicles ("Thigh) and oath-making
    see also "Thigh" as euphemism for Testicles
    see also "Vessel" as euphemism for male genitalia

    Fellatio

  • Ruth 3:7-8, 14 (dubious); Proverbs 5:3; 22:14 (tentative); Song of Songs 1:3 (tentative); cf. the Greater Questions of Mary in which Jesus partakes of his own emission (Epiphanius, Panarion 26.8.2-3)
    • see also Anal intercourse
    see also Unnatural sexual acts

    Finding a husband

  • Sirach 22:4 (tentative)
    • see also Husbands

    "Finger" as euphemism for male genitalia

  • 1 Kings 12:10
    • see also "Arrow" as metaphor for phallus
    see also "Feet" as euphemism for male genitalia
    see also Genitals
    see also "Hand" as euphemism for male genitalia
    see also "Loins" as male reproductive organs
    see also Testicles ("Thigh) and oath-making
    see also "Thigh" as euphemism for Testicles
    see also "Vessel" as euphemism for male genitalia

    Finger nails

    see Nails

    First-born

  • Exodus 4:22-23; 6:14; 11:5; 12:12, 29; 13:2, 12-13, 15; 22:29; 34:19-20; Numbers 3:12-13, 40-51; 8:16-18; 18:15, 19; Deuteronomy 21:15-17; 25:6; Psalm 78:51; 89:27; 105:36; 135:8; 136:10; Ezekiel 20:26; 2 Esdras 6:58; 4 Maccabees 15:18; Luke 2:7, 23; Hebrews 1:6; 11:28; 12:23
    • see also Matrilineal approach
    see also Only-begotten son
    see also Womb

    First-born of God

  • Sirach 36:12; cf. John 3:16

    • First fruits as people

  • James 1:18; Revelation 14:4
    • see also Priesthood of believers

    Flesh

    see Bodies
    see Desires of flesh
    see Indulgence of flesh
    see Mind of flesh
    see One flesh

    Flesh corrupted

  • Genesis 6:12-13

    • Fondling

  • Genesis 26:8
    • see also Caresses

    Foreign women

  • Proverbs 7:5
    • see also Intermarriage with foreigners

    Fornication

    see Porneia

    Fragrance

  • Psalm 45:8; Proverbs 7:17; Song of Songs 1:3, 12-14; 3:6; 4:6, 10-16; 5:1

    • Freedom

  • Acts 13:39; James 1:25; 2:12; 1 Peter 2:16

    • Gang rape of men threatened

  • Genesis 19:4-11; Judges 19:22-24

    • Gang rape of women

  • Judges 19:22-30
    • see also Giving women to be ravished
    see also Rape of women

    Gay men

    see Homosexual activity (male)

    Genealogical disputes

  • 1 Timothy 1:4; Titus 3:9

    • Genealogical enrollment and recording

  • Numbers 1; 3:1; 2 Chronicles 4:22 (tentative); 4:33; 5:1, 17; 7:5, 7, 9, 40; 9:1, 22; 31:16-19; 1 Esdras 5:37

    • Genealogy lists

  • Genesis 4:1-2, 16-26; 5; 9:18-19; 10; 11:10-32; 22:20-24; 25:1-4, 12-20; etc.; 1 Chronicles 1-9
    • see also Descent by father
    see also Descent by mother
    see also Jesus' descent

    Generative forces

  • Wisdom 1:14

    • Genitals

  • 1 Corinthians 12:23-24 (tentative)
    • see also "Arrow" as metaphor for phallus
    see also Bodies
    see also "Feet" as euphemism for male genitalia
    see also "Finger" as euphemism for male genitalia
    see also "Hand" as euphemism for male genitalia
    see also "Loins" as male reproductive organs
    see also "Quiver" as metaphor for vagina
    see also Testicles
    see also "Thigh" as euphemism for female pudenda
    see also "Thigh" as euphemism for Testicles
    see also "Vessel" as euphemism for male genitalia
    see also Womb

    Genitals of another man touched by wife

  • Deuteronomy 25:11-12
    • see also Adultery of female
    see also Wife as harlot

    Gentiles

    see Intermarriage
    see Nations

    Geographical delimitation of sexual regulations

  • Leviticus 18:24-30; 19:29; 20:22-24 (all dubious)
    • see also Inheritance

    Giving a man's wife to another -- father

  • Judges 14:20; 15:1-8; 1 Samuel 18:19; 25:44
    • see also Adultery of female
    see also Polyandry

    Giving man's wife to another -- God

  • Jeremiah 8:10; cf. Deuteronomy 28:30; Job 31:10; Jeremiah 8:10; Amos 7:17
    • see also Wife to become harlot

    Giving a man's wife to another -- husband

  • Genesis 12:10-20; 20
    • see also Adultery of female tolerated
    see also Polyandry
    see also Rebeccah and Abimelech
    see also Sarah given to Abimelech
    see also Sarai (Sarah) given to Pharoah

    Giving a son

  • Isaiah 9:6

    • Giving a woman in marriage

    see also Arranged marriage
    see also Barrenness
    see also Taking wife for another
    see also Wedding

    Giving a woman in marriage as image

  • Wisdom 8:21

    • Giving women for harlotry

  • Leviticus 19:29
    • see also Daughters as harlots
    see also Harlotry

    Giving women to be ravished

  • Genesis 19:8; Judges 19:24-25; cf. Job 31:10
    • see also Gang rape
    see also Polyandry
    see also Rape

    God

    see Incest of God
    see Jealousy of God

    God as female

  • Numbers 11:12; Deuteronomy 32:18; Job 38:8-9, 29; Isaiah 46:3-4; 2 Esdras 1:30
    • see also Truth as female
    see also Understanding as female
    see also Wisdom as female

    God involved in conception

  • Genesis 4:1; Psalm 139:14; Matthew 1:18, 20; Luke 1:35; cf. Clement of Alexandria, Stromateis 3.10.68
    • see also Virginal conception

    God joining together

  • Mattthew 19:6

    • Godly offspring

  • Malachi 2:15
    • see also Children

    Goodness of sexuality

    see Sexuality as good

    Greek words

    see Agapê
    see Arsenokoitês
    see Koitê
    see Malakos
    see Porneia
    see Pornos
    see Vice catalogs

    Grief

  • Zechariah 12:10-14

    • Grief of man for daughter

  • Judges 11:35

    • Grief of man for wife

  • Genesis 23:1

    • Grief of mother for son

  • 2 Esdras 10:2-4

    • Grief of virgin for bridegroom

  • Joel 1:8

    • Grooms

    see Bridegrooms

    Group sex

  • Genesis 19:5-8; Exodus 32:6; Numbers 25:1-8; Judges 19:22-25
    • see also Sexual activity in view of others

    Guilt passed on to children

  • Exodus 20:5; Numbers 14:18, 33; Deuteronomy 5:9; Job 21:19; Psalm 85:5; 109:13-15; 2 Esdras 3:7; Baruch 3:8; Mt 27:25; John 9:2-3; contrast Deuteronomy 24:16; 2 Esdras 7:105

    • Hagar

  • Genesis 16; 21:9-21; Galatians 4:22-31

    • Hair

  • 1 Corinthians 11:5-6, 14-15; Revelation 9:8
    • see also Bodies
    see also Shaved head

    Halitosis

    see Bad breath

    Halitzah (the rite of "drawing off" the right sandal in response to the refusal of a man to perform his levirate duty)

  • Deuteronomy 25:7-10
    • see also Divorce bill
    see also Levirate duty

    "Hand" as euphemism for male genitalia

  • Isaiah 57:8 (tentative)
    • see also "Arrow" as metaphor for phallus
    see also "Feet" as euphemism for male genitalia
    see also "Finger" as euphemism for male genitalia
    see also Genitals
    see also "Loins" as male reproductive organs
    see also Testicles ("thigh") and oath-making
    see also "Thigh" as euphemism for testicles
    see also "Vessel" as euphemism for male genitalia

    Handmaidens

  • Genesis 16; 21:9-21; 29:24-29; 30:3-13; Psalm 45:14 (dubious); Proverbs 30:23; Luke 1:38, 48; Galatians 4:22

    • Harems

  • Esther 2:3, 8-9, 11, 13-15

    • Harlot and one flesh idea

    see One flesh with harlot

    Harlot daughters of priests

  • Leviticus 21:9
    • see also Daughters as harlots

    Harlot visited by Israelite spies

    see Rahab

    Harlot visited by both man and his father

  • Amos 2:7 (probably refers to a cult prostitute)
    • see also Incest (male as ego): Father's concubine
    see also Incest (male as ego): Son's wife

    Harlot visited by Samson

  • Judges 16:1

    • Harlot's attire

  • 2 Esdras 15:47

    • Harlot's song

  • Isaiah 23:15-16
    • see also Nuptial ode

    Harlotry

  • Genesis 38:24; Leviticus 19:29; 2 Kings 9:22; Hosea 4:10-15, 18; Nahum 3:4; 2 Esdras 15:47-48, 55; 16:49-51; Sirach 9:3; 19:2; 26:9-12; 41:20; 42:10; 1 Corinthians 6:15-16; cf. Sirach 22:5
    • see also Adultery of female
    see also Children of harlots
    see also Courtesans
    see also Daughters as harlots
    see also Giving women for harlotry
    see also Incest (female as ego)
    see also Polyandry
    see also Prostitution, Cult (female)
    see also Prostitution involving commercial exchange (female)
    see also Rahab
    see also Wife as harlot
    see also Wife to become harlot
    see also Woman of wickedness

    Harlotry as image

  • Exodus 34:15-16; Leviticus 17:7; 20:5-6; Numbers 15:39; Deuteronomy 31:16; 1 Chronicles 5:25; 2 Chronicles 20:13; Psalm 106:39; Isaiah 1:21; 57:3, 7-8; Jeremiah 2:20; 3:1-3; 30:14; Lamentations 1:2, 19; Ezekiel 16; 23; Hosea 5:3-4; 6:10; Revelation 17:1, 15-16; 19:2; cf. Matthew 12:39
    • see also Adultery in broad or metaphorical sense

    Harlotry as sexual waywardness of female

  • Deuteronomy 22:13-21; Proverbs 7:6-27; Jeremiah 5:7-8; Ezekiel 16; 23; Sirach 42:10

    • Harlotry as way of being treated

  • Genesis 34:31; cf. Judith 13:16; 14:14

    • Harlots bathing

  • 1 Kings 22:38

    • Harlots in kingdom of God

  • Matthew 21:31-32

    • Harlots mentioned by Jesus

  • Luke 15:30

    • Harlots not for priests

  • Leviticus 21:7, 14

    • Harlots seek justice from king

  • 1 Kings 3:16

    • Hating family

  • Micah 7:6; Matthew 10:35-37; Luke 14:26; Colossians 3:19; cf. Gospel of Thomas 55; 101; contrast 1 Kings 19:20
    • see also Family strife
    see also Love

    Hatred of wife

  • Sirach 42:9

    • Haustafeln

    see Household rules

    Head of female covered

  • 1 Corinthians 11:5-7, 10

    • Head of male uncovered

  • 1 Corinthians 11:4, 7

    • Head of priest covered

  • ...

    • Headship

  • 1 Corinthians 11:3; Ephesians 4:15; 5:23; Colossians 2:10, 19; 1 Timothy 2:12 (tentative)
    • see also Authority of women over men disallowed
    see also Husbands subject to wives
    see also Polyandry
    see also Polygyny
    see also Wives demanding of husbands
    see also Wives disobedient to husbands
    see also Wives subject to husbands
    see also Woman encompassing a man
    see also Woman under care of man

    Heaven

    see Marriage and resurrection

    Heirs

  • Genesis 15:2-4; Deuteronomy 21:15-17; Tobit 3:15; Sirach 23:22 (illegitimate); Matthew 21:38; Mark 12:7; Luke 20:14; Galatians 4:1; James 2:5; Hebrews 6:17; 11:7, 9
    • see also Inheritance

    Heirs (female)

  • 1 Peter 3:7
    • see also Inheritance of women
    see also Zelophehad's daughters

    Herodias

  • Matthew 14:3-12; Mark 6:17-29; Luke 3:19

    • Herod's deed

    see Necrophlia

    High priest and marriage

  • Leviticus 21:13-15; John 18:13
    • see also Priests

    Homosexual activity (female)

  • Leviticus 18:3 (text used in the rabbinic tradition for prohibiting female same-sex relations, which were considered a flogging offense, in contrast to male same-sex relations, which were considered either a death penalty or a "cut off" offense); Romans 1:26 (highly dubious; more probably refers to bestiality and thereby to all sexual offenses of women, since its parallel in the concentric literary structure is the first part of vs. 25, not vs. 27. The blessing at the end of vs. 25 is the center of that structure. The similarity mentioned in vs. 27 is not in reference to same-sex relations specifically, but to sexual offenses in general. In the Graeco-Roman world, male and female same-sex relations were not recognized as being similar, except as having a common origin, which was expressed mythically.)
    • see also Anomalies that don't appear to fit the law on sexual relations
    see also Prostitution, Cult (female)

    Homosexual activity (male)

  • Genesis 19:5 (the sin of Sodom; the primary offense was probably violation of hospitality); 42:4 (highly dubious); Lev 18:7 and 14 (highly dubious); 18:22 = 20:13; Judges 19:22-24 (cf. 20:6; this story echoes that of Sodom; however, here the violation of hospitality was subsequently compounded by murder; lewdness was considered part of the cluster of crimes committed; and, at least as canonically presented, the incident presupposes the law in Leviticus against male same-sex relations); 1 Samuel 18:1-4; 2 Samuel 1:26 (this and the preceding reference, regarding David and Jonathan, are dubious); 2 Kings 3:11 (highly dubious); Sirach 23:17 (tentative); Luke 17:34 (false reference; the Greek reads "two on one bed," not "two men on one bed"; incidentally, the Gospel of Thomas 61 implies a male and a female upon one bed); Romans 1:27; 1 Corinthains 6:9 (tentative); 1 Timothy 1:10 (tentative); 2 Peter 2:7 (tentative); Jude 7 (tentative); Revelation 21:8 (dubious); 22:15 (dubious)
    • see also Arsenokoites
    see also Dog as sexual epithet
    see also Malakos
    see also Prostitution, Cult (male)

    Hostility toward husband

  • Deuteronomy 28:56

    • Household headed by God

  • Galatians 6:10; Ephesians 2:19; 1 Timothy 3:15; Hebrews 3:6 (tentative); 1 Peter 4:17

    • Household rules (Haustafeln)

  • Colossians 3:18-4:1; Ephesians 5:22-6:9; 1 Peter 2:13-3:7
    • see also Women rule households

    Household saved

  • Acts 11:14; 16:31-34; 1 Corinthians 7:12-16; Hebrews 11:7

    • Huldah

    see Women as prophets

    Human beings categorized as men, women, and eunuchs

  • Matthew 19:4, 12; Acts 8:12, 38
    • see also Eunuchs
    see also Male and female
    see also Women categorized

    Husband as image

  • Isaiah 54:5; 2 Corinthians 11:2; Ephesians 5:23-27, 32; Revelation 21:2

    • Husbands

  • Deuteronomy 28:56; 2 Esdras 9:43; 10:17; 16:33-34; Matthew 1:16, 19, 20 (contrast Luke 1:27, 34, where the husband is not even thought of as a possible prospective father); John 4:16-18; 1 Corinthians 7:2-6; Ephesians 5:21-33; Cololssians 3:19; 1 Peter 3:1-7
    • see also Duty of husbands
    see also Finding a husband
    see also One husband
    see also Wives

    Husbands subject to wives

  • Jeremiah 31:22 (dubious); 1 Corinthians 7:4; Ephesians 5:25-33 (dubious)
    • see also Headship
    see also Wives subject to husbands

    Idolatry as adultery

  • Leviticus 20:5; Judges 2:17; 8:27, 33; Jeremiah 2:20; 3; Ezekiel 16; 23; Hosea 4:14

    • Idolatry associated with sexual acts

  • Wisdom 14:12, 26-27; Ephesians 5:5 (dubious); Colossians 3:5 (dubious)

    • Idols

    see "Cut off" offenses
    see Dildos
    see Prostitution, Cult

    Idols (male and female)

  • Deuteronomy 4:16

    • Ignorance

    see Unknown offense

    Illegitimate birth

  • Deuteronomy 23:2

    • Illegitimate children

  • Deuteronomy 23:2; Hosea 5:7; Wisdom 3:16; 4:6; 14:26 (tentative; is this the import of geneseos enallage?); Sirach 23:22; John 8:41; 9:34 (dubious); Hebrews 12:8
    • see also Children of harlots
    see also Inheritance of the son of a harlot

    Immorality (sexual)

    see Porneia

    Impurity

    see Cultic impurity

    Incest

  • Sirach 23:16-17
    • see also Levirate duty
    see also Marriage restricted
    see also Polyandry in the Hebrew Bible
    see also Polygyny

    Incest (female as ego)

    Note: This list is a reversal of the list with the male as ego. Certain interpretive risks are inherent in making such a reversal. For instance, the question of responsibility: Leviticus 20 assigns equal punishment, in several cases the death penalty, to both man and woman; whereas Leviticus 18 treats the same offenses as deserving of the "cut off" penalty and only the man is mentioned as receiving the penalty. The early Christians apparently followed the pattern of Leviticus 18; cf. 1 Corinthians 5.

    corresponds to Sister (male as ego)
    see also Father's son (full or half-brother)
    see also Father's son (half-brother)
    see also Mother's son
    corresponds to Father's sister (male as ego)
    corresponds to Woman and her daughter's daughter (male as ego)
    corresponds to Woman and her mother (marriage)(male as ego)
    see also Daughter's husband or lover
    see also Mother's husband or lover
    see also Levirate duty by woman's father (outside of Incest section)
    corresponds to Woman and her daughter (male as ego)
    see also Daughter's husband
    see also Mother's husband or lover
    corresponds to Daughter (male as ego)
    see also Levirate duty by woman's father (outside of Incest section)
    see also Mother's husband or lover
    corresponds to Son's daughter (male as ego)
    corresponds to Woman and her son's daughter (male as ego)
    see also Son's daughter's husband or lover
    corresponds to Father's daughter (male as ego)
    see also Brother
    corresponds to Father's wife's daughter by father (male as ego)
    see also Brother
    corresponds to Brother's wife (male as ego)
    see also Levirate duty by woman's husband's brother (outside of Incest section)
    corresponds to Father's brother's wife (male as ego)
    corresponds to Son's wife (male as ego)
    see also Harlot visited by both man and his father (outside of Incest section)
    see also Levirate duty by woman's father-in-law (outside of Incest section)
    corresponds to Mother's brother's wife (male as ego)
    corresponds to Father's wife (male as ego)
    see also Husband's son though a concubine
    see also Polygyny in the New Testament (outside the incest section)
    corresponds to Father's concubine (male as ego)
    see also Harlot visited by both man and his father (outside of Incest section)
    see also Husband's son
    corresponds to Daughter's daughter (male as ego)
    corresponds to Woman and her daughter (male as ego)
    see also Daughter's husband
    see also Daughter's husband or lover
    see also Father
    see also Levirate duty by woman's father (outside of incest section)
    see also Matrilineal approach (outside of Incest section)
    corresponds to Woman and her daughter's daughter (male as ego)
    see also Mothers-in-law (outside of Incest section)
    corresponds to Mother's daughter (male as ego)
    see also Brother
    corresponds to Woman and her sister (marriage) (male as ego)
    corresponds to Mother's sister (male as ego)
    corresponds to Mother (male as ego)
    corresponds to Woman and her son's daughter (male as ego)
    see also Father's mother's husband or lover

    Incest (male as ego)

    see Father's brother's wife
    see Father's sister
    see Mother's sister
    see close relative
    corresponds to Husband's brother (female as ego)
    see also Levirate duty by woman's husband's brother (outside of Incest section)
    see also Levirate duty by woman's husband's half-brother
    see also Endogamy
    see also Levirate duty by ... (outside of Incest section)
    see Close relative limited
    corresponds to Father (female as ego)
    see also Levirate duty by woman's father (outside of Incest section)
    see also Woman and her daughter
    see Son's wife
    corresponds to Mother's father (female as ego)
    corresponds to Husband's brother's son (female as ego)
    corresponds to Husband's son though a concubine (female as ego)
    see also Father's wife
    see also Harlot visited by both man and his father (outside of Incest section)
    corresponds to Father's son (female as ego)
    see also Sister
    corresponds to Brother's son (female as ego)
    corresponds to Husband's son (female as ego)
    see also Father's concubine
    see also Polygyny in the New Testament (outside the incest section)
    see also Polygyny of Caleb
    see also Polygyny of Hezron
    corresponds to Father's son (female as ego)
    see also Sister
    see Daughter's daughter
    see Son's daughter
    see Sister
    corresponds to Son (female as ego)
    corresponds to Husband's sister's son (female as ego)
    corresponds to Mother's son (female as ego)
    see also Sister
    corresponds to Sister's son (female as ego)
    see Close relative limited
    corresponds to Brother (female as ego)
    see also Father's daughter
    see also Father's wife's daughter by father
    see also Levirate duty by woman's brother
    see also Levirate duty by woman's husband's brother
    see also Mother's daughter
    see Brother's wife
    see Woman and her sister (marriage)
    see Woman and her sister (marriage)
    corresponds to Father's father (female as ego)
    corresponds to Husband's father (female as ego)
    see also Harlot visited by both man and his father (outside of Incest section)
    see also Levirate duty by woman's father-in-law (outside of Incest section)
    see Father's brother's wife
    see Mother's brother's wife
    see Woman and her mother (marriage)
    see Woman and her sister (marriage)
    corresponds to Daughter's husband or lover (female as ego)
    corresponds to Mother's husband or lover (female as ego)
    see also Daughter
    see also Levirate duty by woman's father (outside of incest section)
    see also Matrilineal approach (outside of Incest section)
    see also Woman and her mother
    corresponds to Daughter's daughter's husband or lover (female as ego)
    corresponds to Mother's mother's husband or lover (female as ego)
    see also Mothers-in-law (outside of Incest section)
    corresponds to Daughter's husband (female as ego)
    see also Woman and her daughter
    see also Levirate duty by woman's father (outside of Incest section)
    corresponds to Sister's husband (female as ego)
    corresponds to Father's mother's husband or lover (female as ego)
    corresponds to Son's daughter's husband or lover (female as ego)

    Incest in the New Testament

  • Matthew 14:3-4; Mark 6:17-18; Luke 3:19; 1 Corinthians 5:1 (cf. 2 Corinthians 2:5)

    • Incest of God

  • Jeremiah 4:6-10; Ezekiel 23:2, 4

    • Indecency in the camp

  • Deuteronomy 23:14

    • Indulgence of flesh

  • Colossians 2:23

    • Infanticide

  • Exodus 1:16, 22; Deuteronomy 28:53; Psalm 137:9; Jeremiah 19:9; Lamentations 4:10; Ezekiel 5:10; 16:4-6; Hosea 9:16; 10:14; Nahum 3:10; Additions to Esther 13:6 = 3:13f; Wisdom 18:5; 1 Maccabees 1:61; 2:9; 2 Maccabees 5:13; 6;10; 8:4; 3 Maccabees 3:25, 27; 5:49; 6:14; Acts 7:19,21; cf. Baruch 2:3; Revelation 2:23; 12:4; cf. 2 Baruch 22:7 (dubious)
    • see also Abortion
    see also Molech

    Infertility

    see Barrenness

    Inheritance

  • Psalm 47:4; 61:5; 2 Esdras 7:9, 17; Sirach 42:3
    • see also Birthright
    see also Geographical delimitation of sexual regulations
    see also Heirs
    see also Levirate duty
    see also Priesthood as inheritance
    see also Servant as heir

    Inheritance and blessing

  • Hebrews 12:17

    • Inheritance and marriage

    see Levirate duty
    see Zelophehad's daughters

    Inheritance as God

  • Psalm 16:5; Sirach 24:12; 2 Maccabees 2:4

    • Inheritance as Law

  • Psalm 78:63; Sirach 17:11; cf. 2 Esdras 3:19

    • Inheritance as uprightness of ancestors

  • Sirach 44:10-11

    • Inheritance being property

  • Tobit 8:20-21; 10:10; 14:13; Sirach 9:6; 22:23; 33:23; Matthew 21:38-39; Mark 12:7; Luke 12:20; 20:14 (probably the vineyard); cf. Tobit 1:20

    • Inheritance being the world

  • 2 Esdras 6:59; Matthew 5:5

    • Inheritance distributed

  • Sirach 33:23

    • Inheritance in eternity

  • 2 Esdras 7:96; Hebrews 9:15; 1 Peter 1:4

    • Inheritance in kingdom of God

  • Matthew 25:34; Acts 26:18 (tentative); Ephesians 5:5

    • Inheritance of God

  • Exodus 15:17; Deuteronomy 9:26, 29; Psalm 33:12; 68:9; 74:2; 78:62, 71; 79:1; 94:14; 106:40; 2 Esdras 8:15-16, 45; Judith 13:5; Additions to Esther 13:15 = 4:17f; 14:5, 9 = 4:17m, o

    • Inheritance of Israel being the land

  • Genesis 15:7-8; Numbers 16;14; 26:52-56; 32; 33:54; 34; Deuteronomy 12:9; 19:10; 26:1; 31:7; Psalm 37:18, 22, 29, 34; 78:55; 136:21-22; 1 Esdras 8:85; 2 Esdras 14:31; Tobit 4:12; 14:5; Judith 4:12; 8:22; Sirach 23:12; 36:11; 46:8; Baruch 1:19-20; 1 Maccabees 15:33-34; 2 Maccabees 2:4, 17 (tentative); Acts 13:19; Hebrews 11:8-9; cf. 1 Maccabees 2:56; contrast Genesis 25:5-6

    • Inheritance of kings

  • Sirach 45:25; 1 Maccabees 2:57

    • Inheritance of Lord's anointed being the nations

  • Psalm 2:8

    • Inheritance of priesthood

  • Numbers 18:20-26; 26:62: 35:1-8; Deuteronomy 10:8-9; 12:12; 14:27, 29; 18:1-8; Joshua 18:7; cf. 1 Esdras 4:55

    • Inheritance of the saints

  • Ephesians 1:11, 14, 18; Colossians 1:12; 3:24

    • Inheritance of the humble and meek

  • Psalm 37:11; Matthew 5:5

    • Inheritance of the son of a harlot

  • Judges 11:2
    • see also Illegitimate children

    Inheritance of women

  • Genesis 31:14-16; Numbers 27:1-11; 36; Joshua 17:3-4; Judith 16:21, 24; contrast 2 Samuel 14:7
    • see also Brideprice
    see also Heirs (female)
    see also Zelophehad's daughters

    Inheritance probated

  • Luke 12:13-15; cf. Gospel of Thomas 72

    • Intelligence of women

  • 1 Samuel 25:3; Judith 11:21

    • Intermarriage

  • Ezekiel 16:3, 45 (Amorite with Hittite); Daniel 2:43 (tentative)
    • see also Conversion makes marriageable

    Intermarriage with Ammonites -- Solomon

  • 1 Kings 11:1-11; 14:21; 2 Chronicles 12:13

    • Intermarriage with Ammonites and Moabites prohibited -- Israelites

  • Numbers 25:1-5 (dubious; omits Ammonites); Deuteronomy 23:3-6; Ezra 9-10; Nehemiah 13:23-29
    • see also Intermarriage with Moabites

    Intermarriage with Amorites, Canaanites, Hittites, Perizzites, Hivites, and Jebusites prohibited

  • Exodus 34:11, 16; Deuteronomy 7:1, 3-4 (adds Girgashites); Judges 3:5-6; Ezra 9-10 (9:1 omits Hivites and adds Ammonites, Moabites, and Egyptians); 1 Esdras 8:68-96 (omits Amorites and Hivites and adds Moabites, Egyptians, and Edomites); 9:7-36; cf. Genesis 10:15-19 (this list of the children of Canaan adds others but omits Perizzites, regarding whom see Genesis 13:7); Numbers 13:28-29; Ezekiel 16:3, 45
    • see also Intermarriage with Sidonians

    Intermarriage with Arameans -- Manasseh?

  • 1 Chronicles 7:14 (concubinage)

    • Intermarriage with Ashdodite women prohibited -- Israelites

  • Nehemiah 13:23-29

    • Intermarriage with Canaanites -- Israel

    see Intermarriage with Amorites, etc.

    Intermarriage with Canaanites -- Judah

  • Genesis 38:2; 1 Chronicles 2:3

    • Intermarriage with Canaanites -- Simeon

  • Genesis 46:10; Exodus 6:15

    • Intermarriage with Canaanites prohibited -- Isaac

  • Genesis 24:3, 37

    • Intermarriage with Canaanites prohibited -- Jacob

  • Genesis 28:1, 6, 8

    • Intermarriage with Cushites -- Moses

  • Numbers 12:1
    • see also Black women

    Intermarriage with daughter of a foreign god as image -- Judah (tribe)

  • Malachi 2:11

    • Intermarriage with Edomites -- Solomon

  • 1 Kings 11:1-11

    • Intermarriage with Edomites and Egyptians -- Israelites

  • Deuteronomy 23:7-8; Ezra 9-10 (vs. 1 omits Edomites)

    • Intermarriage with Egyptians -- daughter of Sheshan

  • 1 Chronicles 2:34-35

    • Intermarriage with Egyptians -- Haddad, the Edomite

  • 1 Kings 11:14, 19-20

    • Intermarriage with Egyptians -- Ishmael

  • Genesis 21:21; 25:12

    • Intermarriage with Egyptians -- Joseph

  • Genesis 41:45, 50; 46:19 (contrast 43:32; 46:34)

    • Intermarriage with Egyptians -- Mered

  • 1 Chronicles 4:17

    • Intermarriage with Egyptians -- Shelomith

  • Leviticus 24:10-11

    • Intermarriage with Egyptians -- Solomon

  • 1 Kings 3:1; 7:8; 9:16, 24; 11:1; 2 Chronicles 8:11

    • Intermarriage with foreigners discouraged -- Israelites

  • Proverbs 5:15-17, 20; Tobit 4:12; cf. Judith 13:16; 14:14; Additions to Esther 14:15 = 4:17u
    • see also Foreign women

    Intermarriage with Geshurites -- David

  • 2 Samuel 3:3; 1 Chronicles 3:2

    • Intermarriage with Greeks -- Jews

  • Acts 16:1

    • Intermarriage with Hittites -- Bathsheba or David

  • 2 Samuel 11:3, 27

    • Intermarriage with Hittites -- Esau

  • Genesis 26:34-35; 27:46

    • Intermarriage with Hittites -- Solomon

  • 1 Kings 11:1-11

    • Intermarriage with Hivites -- Dinah

  • Genesis 34

    • Intermarriage with Horonite women a problem -- Israelites

  • Nehemiah 13:28

    • Intermarriage with Ishmaelite -- Abigail

  • 1 Chronicles 2:16-17; contrast 2 Samuel 17:25

    • Intermarriage with Ishmaelite -- Esau

  • Genesis 28:9

    • Intermarriage with Midianites -- Moses

  • Exodus 2:21
    • see also Zipporah and Moses

    Intermarriage with Midianites -- Zimri

  • Numbers 25:6-8, 14-18 (dubious; marriage may not have been involved and, in any case, the issue seems to have been idolatry rather than nationality)
    • see also Phineas
    see also Zimri and Cozbi

    Intermarriage with Moabites -- Boaz

  • Ruth 4:13 (cf. 1:16)

    • Intermarriage with Moabites -- Chilion

  • Ruth 1:4

    • Intermarriage with Moabites -- Israelites

    see Intermarriage with Ammonites and Moabites -- Israelites

    Intermarriage with Moabites -- Mahlon

  • Ruth 1:4

    • Intermarriage with Moabites -- Saraph

  • 1 Chronicles 4:22

    • Intermarriage with Moabites -- Shaharaim

  • 1 Chronicles 8:8-9 (tentative)

    • Intermarriage with Moabites -- Solomon

  • 1 Kings 11:1-11

    • Intermarriage with nations of Palestine prohibited -- Israelites

  • Joshua 23:12-13

    • Intermarriage with Persians -- Esther

  • Esther 2:16-18

    • Intermarriage with Philistines -- Samson

  • Judges 14:1-3, 7-8, 10, 15-17, 20; cf. 16:4-20

    • Intermarriage with Romans -- Drusilla

  • Acts 24:24

    • Intermarriage with Shechemites -- Gideon

  • Judges 6:31 (some have surmised that Gideon's concubine was not an Israelite, although Shechem is portrayed as being in the hands of the Israelites, as in Joshua 20:7; 21:21)

    • Intermarriage with Sidonians

    Note: Sidonians were regarded as children of Canaan. See Genesis 10:15; 1 Chronicles 1:13-16

    see also Intermarriage with Amorites, etc.

    Intermarriage with Sidonians -- Ahab

  • 1 Kings 16:31

    • Intermarriage with Sidonians -- Solomon

  • 1 Kings 11:1-11

    • Intermarriage with Tyrians -- mother of Hiram or Huram-abi

  • 1 Kings 7:14 (says she is from tribe of Naphtali); 2 Chronicles 2:13-14 (says she is from tribe of Dan); cf. Amos 1:9

    • Intermarriage with unbelievers -- Christian men

  • 1 Corinthians 7:12-16; 2 Corinthians 6:14-18 (tentative)

    • Intermarriage with unbelievers -- Christian women

  • 1 Corinthians 7:13-16, 39; 2 Corinthians 6:14-18 (tentative); 1 Peter 3:1-2 (tentative)

    • Intermarriage with women -- sons of God

  • Genesis 6:1-4

    • Inventers of evil

  • Romans 1:30
    • see also Vice catalogs

    Ius primae noctis

  • Genesis 6:2 (per Genesis Rabbah 26:5); 24:50 (according to one rabbinic legend, Bethuel, Rebecca's father, was to take her and exercize the lord's right of the first night but died before this could happen, hence his subsequent absence in the biblical story; see The Jewish Encyclopedia, 1901-1906, under "Bethuel."); 1 Maccabees 1:26-28 (dubious).

    • Jealousy

  • Song of Songs 8:6; Sirach 37:10-11; Romans 1:29; 13:13; 1 Corinthians 3:3; 13:4; 2 Corinthians 12:20; Galatians 5:20-21; 1 Timothy 6:4; Titus 3:3; James 3:14, 16; 4:2; 1 Peter 2:1
    • see also Polygyny
    see also Rivalry
    see also Vice catalogs

    Jealousy in politics

  • 1 Maccabees 8:16

    • Jealousy of brothers

  • Genesis 37:11; Acts 7:9

    • Jealousy of God

  • Exodus 20:5; 34:14; Numbers 25:11; Deuteronomy 4:24; 5:9; 6:15; 29:20; 32:21; Joshua 24:19; 1 Kings 14:22; Ezekiel 16:38, 42; 23:25; Zechariah 1:14; 8:2; James 4:5

    • Jealousy of husband

  • Numbers 5:14-15, 25, 29-30; Proverbs 6:34-35; Ezekiel 16:38; Sirach 9:1
    • see also Polyandry

    Jealousy of Jewish leaders

  • Acts 5:17; 13:45; 17:5

    • Jealousy of Paul

  • 2 Corinthians 11:2

    • Jealousy of prophets

  • Numbers 11:29

    • Jealousy of sister

  • Genesis 30:1

    • Jesus and children

  • Matthew 11:16-17, 25; 18:1-6, 10; 19:13-15; 21:15-16; Mark 9:36-37; 10:13-16; Luke 7:32; 9:47-48; 10:21; 17:2; 18:15-17

    • Jesus and women

    see also Mary, mother of Jesus
    see also Polygyny in the New Testament
    see also Syrophoenician woman
    see also Woman with perfume
    see also Canaanite woman
    see also Menstrual uncleanness
    see also Mary with perfume
    see also Mary Magdalen and others
    see also Wives supporting husbands

    Jesus as adulterer

    Martin Luther suggested in Tabletalk no. 1472 that Jesus was an adulterer on the basis of Luke 8:2 and John 4:27; 8.

    Jesus as friend of sinners

  • Matthew 11:19; Luke 7:34

    • Jesus as married

  • John 2:9 (Jesus was the bridegroom?? Dubious); contrast Matthew 8:20; Luke 9:58; Gospel of Thomas 86
    • see also Apostles married
    see also Jesus as parent
    see also Polygyny in the New Testament (under Luke 9 and John 4)

    Jesus as married in a metaphorical sense

    Compare:

    Jesus as parent

  • Isaiah 53:10 (the passage claimed by early Christians as applying to the Messiah speaks of "his offspring"); Mark 9:36-37 (dubious; the child in Jesus' home with whom he expressed an identity)
    • see also Jesus as married

    Jesus' descent

  • Matthew 1:1-17; 9:27; 20:30-31; 21:9, 15; Luke 1:27, 32, 69; 2:4; 3:23-38; John 1:45; 6:42; 7:42; Acts 2:29-32; 13:23; Romans 1:3; 2 Timothy 2:8; Hebrews 7:14; Revelation 5:5; 22:16; bSanhedrin 43a (tentative); cf. Isaiah 11:1; 2 Esdras 12:32; Matthew 22:44-45
    • see also Genealogy lists

    Jesus' kin

  • Mark 6:21 (tentative); Luke 2:44; cf. Origin, Commentary on Matthew 10:17 (Origin says that the Gospel of Peter was invoked by those who held that Jesus' brothers and sisters were children of Joseph by an earlier wife than Mary)
    • see also Mary, mother of Jesus
    see also Apostles married

    Jesus' nativity

  • Matthew 1-2; Luke 1-2
    • see also Virgin birth of Jesus
    see also Virginal conception of Jesus

    Jewelry

  • Genesis 24:22, 30, 47, 53; 35:4; 41:42; Ex 3:22; 11:2; 12:35; 32:2-3, 24; 33:4-6; 35:22; Judges 8:17, 21-26; Song of Songs 1:10-11; 4:9; Is 4:16-24; 49:18; Ezekiel 16:11-13, 17, 39; 23:26; 40, 42; Jer 2:32; Ez 23:40; Hosea 2:13; Judith 10:3; Additions to Esther 15:6 = 5:1e; Baruch 6:9, 24; 1 Timothy 2:9; 1 Peter 3:3

    • Jewelry associated with idolatry

  • Hosea 2:8 (tentative); 8:4 (tentative)

    • Jezebel

  • 1 Kings 16:31; 18:4, 13; 21:5-6, 23, 25; 2 Kings 9:7, 10, 22, 30-37; Revelation 2:20 (a prophetess)
    • see also Women as persecutors

    Jus primae noctis

    see Ius primae noctis

    Kings not to multiply wives

  • Deuteronomy 17:17
    • see also Number of wives restrained
    see also Polygyny of kings restrained

    Kiss, Holy

  • Romans 16:16; 1 Corinthians 16:20; 2 Corinthians 13:12; 1 Thessalonians 5:26; cf. 1 Peter 5:14 (kiss of love)

    • Kissing

    see also Sexual activity in view of others

    Kissing (female/female)

    Kissing (male/female)

    Kissing (male/male)

    Kissing (parent/child)

    Kissing as image

  • Psalm 85:10

    • Kissing idols

  • 1 Kings 19:18; Hosea 13:2

    • Kissing sun and moon

  • Job 31:26-28

    • "Know" as euphemism for coitus

  • Genesis 4:1, 17, 25; 1 Kings 1:4
    • see also Coitus

    Koitê (Greek word)

    see also Coitus
    see also Porneia
    see also Vice catalogs

    Labor

    see Childbirth

    Land

    see Geographical delimitation of sexual regulations

    Lasterkataloge

    see Vice catalogs

    Law changed by change of priesthood

  • Hebrews 7:12

    • Law in heart

  • 2 Esdras 3:32; Romans 1:18-21

    • Law is for human beings, not human beings for the Law

  • Deuteronomy 10:13; 1 Samuel 21:1-6; Matthew 12:1-13; Mark 2:23-28; 3:1-6; Luke 6:1-10; 13:10-17; 14:1-6; John 5:1-18; 7:22-24; 9:1-16

    • "Lay with" as euphemism for coitus

  • 2 Samuel 11: 4, 11
    • see also Coitus

    Leaving parents (the female)

  • Genesis 24:5-8, 40, 57-59; 31; Exodus 4:20; Psalm 45:10; Tobit 6:17; 7:13; 10:7-11:1

    Note: This is called virilocal marriage

    •
    see also Polygyny
    see also Return of wife to father

    Leaving parents (the female) as image

  • Wisdom 8:9, 16

    • Leaving parents (the male)

  • Genesis 2:24; 24:5-8, 40; 29-30; Exodus 2:21 (contrast 4:20); Judges 8:31; 14:8; 15:1; Song of Songs 3:4; 8:2; 1 Esdras 4:20; Matthew 19:5; Ephesians 5:31-32 (the "mystery" may be the male leaving, particularly in reference to Christ); cf. Tobit 14:12

    Note: This is sometimes called uxorilocal or erebu marriage.

    •
    see also Marriage as mystery
    see also Polyandry
    see also Return of wife to father
    see also Woman's tent

    Lesbianism

    see Homosexual activity (female)

    Levirate duty

    Definition: Levirate duty is the obligation of a male relative to take as a wife a woman whose husband has died and who has no male children (or in some cases children generally) to be heirs of the deceased. Among the Hebrews, the duty belonged first to the deceased husband's brother, the levir, and was to be carried out whether the brother was already married or not.

    Note: Levirate marriage was not restricted to the Israelites. For example, in an Akkadian document from Ugarit (PRU 3: 16.144), King Arhalba warns: "Whoever after my death takes my wife, Kubaba daughter of Takan, from my brother, may Baal crush him." Cf. Middle Assyrian Laws A33; Hittite Laws 193.

    see also Endogamy
    see also Halitzah
    see also Incest <Link to Statutes of Leviticus 18>
    see also Inheritance
    see also Polyandry
    see also Polygyny
    see also Widows

    Levirate duty by man of woman's father's tribe

  • Numbers 36 (tentative)

    • Levirate duty by woman's brother

  • Genesis 4:17, 26; 5:6-7 (both dubious)
    • see also Incest (male as ego): Sister <Link to Statutes of Leviticus 18:9, 11>
    see also Levirate duty by woman's father's son

    Levirate duty by woman's father

  • Genesis 19:30-38 (tentative)
    • see also Incest (male as ego): Daughter <Link to Statutes of Leviticus 18>
    see also Incest (male as ego): Woman and her daughter <Link to Statutes of Leviticus 18>
    see also Incest (male as ego): Woman and her mother (marriage) <Link to Statutes of Leviticus 18>

    Levirate duty by woman's father-in-law

  • Genesis 38:12-26; Ruth 4:12
    • see also Incest (male as ego): Son's wife <Link to Statutes of Leviticus 18>

    Levirate duty by woman's father's brother

  • Genesis 11:29 (tentative); Tobit 3:15
    • see also Incest (male as ego): Close relative limited <Link to Statutes of Leviticus 18>

    Levirate duty by woman's father's brother's son

  • Numbers 36:11 (tentative); 1 Chronicles 23:22-23; Tobit 3:15 (see note below under Levirate duty by woman's father's son)
    • see also Incest (male as ego): Close relative limite <Link to Statutes of Leviticus 18>

    Levirate duty by woman's father's kin

  • Tobit 3:15 (see note below under levirate duty by woman's father's son); 6:11-12; 7:10, 12; 8:20-21; 14:13

    • Levirate duty by woman's father's nephew

  • Tobit 3:15

    • Levirate duty by woman's father's servant

  • 1 Chronicles 2:34-35 (tentative); cf. Genesis 15:3
    • see also Servant as heir

    Levirate duty by woman's father's son

  • Tobit 3:15 (Codex Vaticanus and Codex Alexandrinus are ambiguous. Is the father's son meant, perhaps a half-brother to the woman, or is the father's brother's son meant? Codex Sinaiticus has a different reading, giving "kinsman" instead)
    • see also Incest (male as ego): Sister <Link to Statutes of Leviticus 18:9, 11>
    see also Levirate duty by woman's brother

    Levirate duty by woman's husband's brother

  • Genesis 38:8-11, 14, 26; Deuteronomy 25:5-10; Ruth 1:11 (tentative); Matthew 22:23-28; Mark 12:18-25; Luke 20:27-33
    • see also Incest (male as ego): Brother's wife <Link to Statutes of Leviticus 18>

    Levirate duty by woman's husband's half-brother

  • Ruth 1:11 (tentative); Matthew 1:15-16 in relation to Luke 3:23-24 (levirate marriage has been used as a way of explaining part of the divergency in the genealogies of Jesus, so that Joseph, the father of Jesus, was the biological son of Jacob (Matthew 1:16) but the legal son of Jacob's half-brother Eli (Luke 3:23), by Eli's widow. See Eusebius, Ecclesiastical History 1.7)
    • see also Incest (male as ego): Brother's wife <Link to Statutes of Leviticus 18>

    Levirate duty by woman's husband's kin

  • Ruth 3:12-13; 4:4, 10
    • see also Incest (male as ego): Close relative limited <Link to Statutes of Leviticus 18>

    Levirate duty triggered by deceased male relative's lack of offspring

  • Matthew 22:24-25 (the Greek word for offspring is sperma). Evidently the Sadducees had in mind either son or daughter, perhaps on the basis of the ruling regarding Zelophehad's daughters (Numbers 26:33; 27; 36). Josephus would seem to support that reading -- either son or daughter -- as a first century understanding (Antiquities 4.8.23 = 4:254-256) -- although we must keep in mind that there was a great diversity of interpretations in the first century. Furthermore, the Talmud Bavli preserves this remark: "... in respect of levirate marriages a son and a daughter have the same standing ..." (Baba Bathra 109a-b).

    • Levirate duty triggered by deceased male relative's sonlessness

  • Deuteronomy 25:5 (the Hebrew word for son here is ben)

    • Lewdness

  • Leviticus 18:17; 19:29; Ezekiel 16:27, 36, 43, 58; 23:21, 27, 35, 44, 48-49; Hosea 2:10

    • Liberty

    see Freedom

    Licentiousness

  • Judges 31:11; 3 Maccabees 2:26; Mark 7:22; Romans 13:13; 2 Corinthians 12:21; Galatians 5:19; Ephesians 4:19; 1 Peter 4:3; 2 Peter 2:2, 18
    • see also Sensuality
    see also Vice catalogs

    "Loins" as male reproductive organs

  • Exodus 1:5
    • see also "Arrow" as metaphor for phallus
    see also "Feet" as euphemism for male genitalia
    see also "Finger" as euphemism for male genitalia
    see also Genitals
    see also "Hand" as euphemism for male genitalia
    see also "Loins" as male reproductive organs
    see also Testicles
    see also "Thigh" as euphemism for Testicles
    see also "Vessel" as euphemism for male genitalia

    Looking at a man

  • Sirach 26:9, 11

    • Looking at a woman

  • Sirach 9:5, 8; 23:4-6 (tentative); 41:20-21; Susanna 8-12
    • see also Adultery in heart

    Loose living

  • Luke 15:13 (with harlots; cf. 15:30)

    • Lot's wife

  • Luke 17:32 (more references)

    • Love

  • Song of Songs 8:6-7; Jeremiah 2:2; Sirach 48:11
    • see also Agape
    see also Hating family

    Love for family

  • Matthew 10:37

    • Love neighbor as self

  • Leviticus 19:18; Matthew 19:19; Mark 12:31; Luke 10:27; Romans 13:9

    • Love of father for son

  • Genesis 44:20; Proverbs 3:12; Hosea 11:1, 4; John 3:16; 5:20

    • Love of man for man

  • 1 Samuel 18:1, 3; 20:17; 4 Maccabees 13:24-14:1 (brothers); Mark 10:21; John 11:5, 36; 13:8-9 (tentative); 19:26; 20:2; 21:15-17, 20

    • Love of man for woman

  • Genesis 24:67; 29:18-19, 32-34; 34:3, 19; Deuteronomy 21:15; Judges 16:4, 15; 1 Samuel 1:5; 2 Samuel 1:26; 13:1, 4, 15; 1 Kings 11:1-2; 2 Chronicles 11:21; Ecclesiastes 9:9; Song of Songs 2:4; Hosea 2:19; 3:1; 1 Esdras 4:24-25; Tobit 6:17; Sirach 9:2, 8-9 (a warning); Susanna 20; 4 Maccabees 2:11; John 11:5; Ephesians 5:25, 28, 33; Colossians 3:19; contrast Proverbs 30:23

    • Love of woman for man

  • 1 Samuel 18:28; Proverbs 5:19; Song of Songs 1:2-4, 7; 3:1, 3-4; 4:10; Luke 7:47; John 12:3 (tentative); Titus 2:4
    • see also Respect of wife for husband

    Lovers

  • Psalm 88:18; 2 Esdras 15:47, 51
    • see also Paramours

    Lovesickness

  • 2 Samuel 13:2-4; Song of Songs 2:5; 5:8

    • Lust

  • Ezekiel 23; 2 Esdras 15:47; Tobit 8:7 (contrasted with truth); Sirach 23:6; Susanna 8-14; 4 Maccabees 1:3; Matthew 5:28; Romans 1:24; Ephesians 2:3; 4:22; Colossians 3:5 (with qualification, "evil"); 1 Thessalonians 4:5; 2 Timothy 2:22; Titus 2:12; 3:3; James 1:14-15; 4:2; 1 Peter 1:14, 2:11; 4:2-3; 2 Peter 1:4; 3:3; 1 John 2:16-17
    • see also Desires of flesh
    see also Vice catalogs

    Malakos (Greek word; meaning disputed; may mean lax or effeminate)

  • 1 Corinthians 6:9
    • see also Vice catalogs

    Male and female

    see also Bridegrooms
    see also Daughters
    see also Brides
    see also Human beings categorized as men, women, and eunuchs
    see also Monogamy
    see Idols (male and female)
    see also Virgins as young females

    Male and female "in Christ"

  • 1 Corinthians 7:39; 11:11; Galatians 3:28; cf. 1 Corinthians 9:5; 1 Timothy 5:2; 1 Peter 3:7
    • see also Children as means of salvation

    Mandrakes

  • Genesis 30:14-16; Song of Songs 7:13

    • Marital disorder

  • Wisdom 14:26

    • Marriage

  • Genesis 24:66; 25:20; Matthew 19:10; 1 Corinthians 7:28, 33-34; 1 Timothy 5:11-14

    • Marriage a good

  • Sirach 7:25; 26:1-4; 36:23-24; 1 Timothy 4:1-5; Hebrews 13:4
    • see also Sexuality as blessing
    see also Sexuality as good
    see also Troubled times and marriage

    Marriage and prayer

  • Wisdom 13:17 (prayer to idols)
    • see also Nuptial blessings

    Marriage and resurrection

  • Matthew 22:23-30; Mark 12:18-25; Luke 20:27-36

    • Marriage arranged

    see Arranged marriage
    see Giving a woman in marriage

    Marriage as alliance

    see Alliance through marriage

    Marriage as excuse

  • Luke 14:20; cf. Gospel of Thomas 64
    • see also Reprieve from military duty during first year of marriage
    see also Reprieve from military duty for the betrothed

    Marriage as image

  • Isaiah 62:4-5; 2 Corinthians 11:2; Ephesians 5:21-33

    • Marriage as mystery

  • Ephesians 5:32 (tentative; could mean a man leaving his parents rather than a woman hers is a puzzle)
    • see also Leaving parents (male)

    Marriage as pretext

  • 2 Maccabees 1:14

    • Marriage bed

  • Hebrews 13:4

    • Marriage better than burning

  • 1 Corinthians 7:9

    • Marriage contract

  • Tobit 7:11, 14

    • Marriage encouraged

  • 2 Maccabees 14:25

    • Marriage entailing financial transaction

    see Bridal price
    see Dowry

    Marriage entailing inheritance

    see Inheritance and marriage

    Marriage festival

    see Wedding banquet

    Marriage happy

  • Sirach 25:1

    • Marriage in heaven

    see Marriage and resurrection

    Marriage in old age

  • 1 Chronicles 2:21

    • Marriage of the Lamb

  • Revelation 19:7-9

    • Marriage prohibited wrongly

  • 1 Timothy 4:1-5

    • Marriage restricted

  • Judges 21:1, 7, 18 (Benjamites); Jeremiah 16:1 (Jeremiah)
    • see also Adultery
    see also Incest
    see also Intermarriage

    Marriage song

    see Nuptial ode

    Mary, mother of Jesus

    see also Jesus and women
    see also Jesus' kin
    see also Motherhood
    see also Woman of the Apocalypse

    Mary Magdalene

    see Jesus and women

    Masturbation

  • Genesis 9:21 (dubious); 38:9-10 (false reference); Sirach 23:16 (dubious, probably instead incest); 1 Corinthians 6:9 (highly dubious that malakos refers to those who masturbate)
    • see also Dildos
    see also Seminal emission

    Matrilineal approach

  • Genesis 25:16 (the Hebrew word for tribe, 'umma, probably derives for the word for mother, 'em; see also other occurrences of the word); 42:38; 43:29; 44:20; Leviticus 18:17-18; 20:14; Judges 9:2; 14:10-11; 1 Samuel 26:6; 2 Samuel 2:13, 18; 8:16; 13:37 in relation to 3:3; 21:8 (five sons of Saul's daughter, Merab, are counted according to their mother's side of the family); 1 Kings 2:5; 1 Chronicles 1:50; 2:16-17; 11:6; 18:15; 26:28; 27:24; Job 19:17 (may be using the Hebrew word for womb, beten, to indicate descent or clan); Amos 1:11 (may be using the Hebrew word for womb, rehem, to indicate relational bonds); 2 Timothy 1:5 (cf. Acts 16:1)
    • see also First-born
    see also Incest (male as ego): Woman and her daughter
    see also Polyandry

    Menopause

    see Post-menopausal

    Menstrual uncleanness

  • Genesis 31:35 (tentative); Leviticus 12:2, 5; 15:19-33; 18:19 = 20:18; Lamentations 1:9; Ezekiel 18:6; 22:10; Sirach 23:17 (dubious); Baruch 6:29 (tentative); cf. Niddah 2:4 (exception made for husband returning from a journey); 10:1 (exception made for "coition of obligation")
    • see also Coitus during menstruation
    see also Cultic impurity with regard to sexual matters
    see also Discharge by female and uncleanness
    see also Jesus and women: Woman with hemorrhage

    Menstruation

  • Genesis 18:11; 24:36; 2 Esdras 5:8

    • Michal

    see David and Michal

    Midwives

  • Exodus 1:15-20
    • see also Childbirth

    Military duty

    see Reprieve from military duty during first year of marriage
    see Reprieve from military duty for the betrothed

    Mind of flesh

  • Colossians 2:18

    • Mind own affairs

  • 1 Thessalonians 4:11

    • Miriam

    see Women as prophets

    Miscarriage

  • Exodus 21:22; 23:26; Numbers 12:12; Job 3:16; 10:18-19; Psalm 58:8; Hosea 9:14; 2 Esdras 5:35
    • see also Childbirth
    see also Still birth
    see also Womb

    Modesty

  • Susanna 63; 3 Maccabees 1:19; 1 Timothy 2:15

    • Molech

  • Leviticus 18:21; 20:2-5; Deuteronomy 12:31 (tentative); 18:10 (tentative); 1 Kings 11:7; 2 Kings 3:27 (tentative); 16:3 (tentative); 17:17, 31 (tentative); 21:6 (tentative); 23:10; 2 Chronicles 28:3 (tentative); 33:6 (tentative); Psalm 106:37-38 (tentative); Isaiah 57:5 (tentative); Ezekiel 16:20-21, 36 (tentative); 23:37, 39 (tentative); Amos 5:26 (highly dubious); Wisdom 12:5-6 (tentative); 14:23 (tentative); Sirach 23:18 (dubious); Acts 7:43 (highly dubious); cf. Sirach 34:20
    • see also Infanticide

    Monogamy

    Definition: Monogamy is the condition of two people having only each other as legitimate sexual mates, even if additional mates are allowed. To be monogamous is to have only one sexual mate until such time as certain conditions are met that legitimate freedom from the union, such as death of the spouse or, perhaps, divorce. In Hebrew culture, it was common for a monogamous woman to be married to a polygynous man; indeed, women, unlike men, were expected to be monogamous.

  • see also Male and female
  • see also One husband
  • see also Polyandry
  • see also Polygyny

    • Monsters resulting from forbidden copulation

  • 2 Esdras 5:8
    • see also Bestiality

    Moses and Zipporah

    see Intermarriage with Midianites -- Moses
    see Zipporah and Moses

    Mother Earth

    see Earth as mother

    Motherhood

  • Genesis 3:20; Sirach 3:1-16; 4 Maccabees 14:11-17:7; 18:23
    • see also Mary, mother of Jesus
    see also Surrogate motherhood

    Motherhood as image

  • 2 Esdras 10:6; Sirach 15:2

    • Mothers-in-law

  • Matthew 8:14-15
    • see also Incest (male as ego): Woman and her mother (marriage)

    Mutilation of body

  • Philippians 3:2
    • see also Circumcision

    Mystery

    see Marriage as mystery

    Nails

  • Deuteronomy 21:12
    • see also Bodies

    Nakedness

    see also Bodies
    see also Clothing
    see also Covered nakedness
    see also Uncovered nakedness

    Nakedness and celebration

  • 2 Samuel 6:14-22

    • Nakedness and drink

  • Genesis 9:20-27; Lamentations 4:21; Habakkuk 2:15-16

    • Nakedness and prophetic activity

  • 1 Samuel 19:24; Isaiah 20:2-4; Micah 1:8

    • Nakedness and resurrection

  • 1 John 3:2 (tentative); cf. Gospel of Thomas 37

    • Nakedness and shame

    Nakedness as natural

  • Genesis 2:25; Job 1:21; Ecclesiastes 5:15, Ezekiel 16:7, 22 (tentative); Hosea 2:3

    • Nakedness as punishment

  • Isaiah 47:3; Lamentations 1:8 (tentative); 4:21-22; Ezekiel 16:37; 23:29; Hosea 2:3, 9; Nahum 3:5; 2 Maccabees 4:38; 4 Maccabees 6:2; Matthew 27:28; Revelation 3:18 (tentative)
    • see also Adultery punished

    Nakedness before and after the Fall

  • Genesis 2:25; 3:7, 11

    • Nakedness exposed at altar

  • Exodus 20:26; cf. 28:42-43

    • Nakedness for washing others

  • John 13:4

    • Nakedness for work

  • John 21:7

    • Nakedness in flight

  • Amos 2:16; Mark 14:52; Acts 19:16

    • Nakedness of another avoided

  • Genesis 9:20-27; John 20:16 (dubious; it has been proposed that Mary Magdalene turned away because of Jesus' nakedness)

    • Nakedness of captives

  • 2 Chronciles 28:15

    • Nakedness of Job

  • Job 1:21

    • Nakedness of Noah

  • Genesis 9:20-27

    • Nakedness representing impending woe

  • Isaiah 20:2-4; 32:11; Amos 2:16

    • Nakedness representing mortality

  • 2 Corinthians 5:2-4

    • Nakedness representing poverty

  • Deuteronomy 28:48; Job 1:21; 24:7, 10; Ecclesiastes 5:15; Isaiah 47:2-3; 58:7; Ezekiel 16:7, 22, 39 (tentative); 2 Esdras 2:20; Tobit 1:17; 4:16; Revelation 3:17-18; cf. Sirach 29:21

    • Nakedness result of demon possession

  • Luke 8:27, 35

    • Nakedness result of oppression

  • Deuteronomy 28:48; Job 22:6; 24:7, 10; Ezekiel 16:39; 23:29; Revelation 17:16

    • Name taken from husband

  • Isaiah 4:1

    • Name taken from wife's family

  • Ezra 2:61; Nehemiah 7:63; 1 Esdras 5:38
    • see also Barzillai, an adopted name from wife's family
    see also Polyandry

    Naming by angel

  • Matthew 1:21; Luke 1:13; cf. Isaiah 8:3; Hosea 1:4, 6, 9

    • Naming by father

  • Genesis 4:26; 5:3, 29; 16:15; 21:3; Isaiah 8:3; Hosea 1:4, 6, 9; Matthew 1:21; Luke 1:59-63, especially 63

    • Naming by mother

  • Matthew 1:25; Luke 1:59-63, especially 60
    • see also Polyandry

    Nations

  • Genesis 9:11; 22:18; Deuteronomy 12:29; 19:1; Psalm 2:8; 9:8; 18:43-45; 22:28; 24:1; 33:8; 47:7-9; 50:12; 57:9; 67; 68:29; 72:11, 17-19; 113:4; 147:20; Isaiah 2:2-4; 45:22-23; 49:6-7; 51:4; 56:3, 6-8; 60:1-3; 66:11-12; Joel 3:2; Micah 4:2; Zephaniah 3:9; Zechariah 8:20-23; 2 Esdras 1:24; 2:34; 3:32-36; Tobit 14:6; Luke 2:32; Acts 3:25; 9:15; 10:28, 34-35, 45-48; 11:1, 9, 15, 18, 20-21; 13:46-48; 14:1-2, 15-17, 27; 15:3, 7, 12-29; 17:12, 26-27; 18:6; 19:10, 17; 20:21; 21:19; 26:17-18, 23; 28:28; Philippians 2:9-11, 14; 1 Peter 2:12; Revelation 1:5; 2:26; 11:2; 21:24
    • see also Council of Jerusalem

    Necrophilia (also called Herod's deed)

    See Sifre on Deuteronomy 22:22 at Piska 241; Talmud Bavli, Baba Bathra 3b; Sanhedrin 66b (note b5 in Soncino ed.)

    Neighbor as one alike

  • Sirach 13:15

    • New creation theology

  • Acts 3:21; Romans 8:18-23; 2 Corinthians 5:17; Galatians 6:15; Colossians 1:15-23; 2 Peter 3:13; Revelation 21:1

    • Nephilim

  • Genesis 6:4; Numbers 13:33

    • Niddah

    see Menstrual uncleanness

    Noachides (laws given to Moses and generally applicable to the nations)

  • Genesis 9:1-7; Romans 13:1-10 (tentative); 1 Peter 2:13-14, 17 (tentative)

    • Noah's wife

    Named Barthenos in tradition, but Noria by some Gnostics. Cf. Epiphanius 26.1.6

    Nocturnal emission

    see Seminal emission

    Non-virginity of new wife

  • Deuteronomy 22:13-21

    • Number of wives restrained

  • Genesis 31:50 (Jacob); Deuteronomy 17:17 (the king)
    • see also Kings not to multiply wives
    see also Polygyny of Jacob restrained
    see also Polygyny of kings restrained

    Nuptial blessings

  • Tobit 7:14, 18; 8:16-17; 10:11; 11:17
    • see also Marriage and prayer

    Nuptial ode

  • Psalm 45; 78:63; 3 Maccabees 4:6
    • see also Harlot's song
    see also Wedding

    Nursing

  • Exodus 2:7-9; Numbers 11:12; Dt 32:25 (tentative); 1 Samuel 1:23; 1 Kings 3:21; Job 3:12; 24:9; Psalm 8:2; 22:9; Is 11:8; 28:9; 40:11; 49:15; 60:16; 66-11-12; Lamentations 4:3-4; Hosea 9:14; Joel 2:16; 2 Esdras 2:25; 8:10; Wisdom 7:4; Baruch 4:11; 2 Maccabees 7:27; 3 Maccabees 1:20; 3 Maccabees 5:49-50; 4 Maccabees 13:21; 16:7; Matthew 24:19; Mark 13:17; Luke 21:23; 23:29; 1 Corinthians 3:2; 1 Peter 2:2; Hebrews 5:13; cf. Psalm 78:71
    • see also Breasts
    see also Weening

    Obscenity of Asherah

  • 1 Kings 15:13; 2 Chronicles 15:16

    • Onan

  • Genesis 38:8-10

    • One flesh

  • Genesis 2:24; Matthew 19:5; Mark 10:8; Ephesians 5:31

    • One flesh with harlot

  • 1 Corinthians 6:16 (consider this in relation to Genesis 2:24; Leviticus 18:8 = 20:11; Deuteronomy 22:30; Hosea 4:10-15, 18; and Amos 2:7)

    • One husband

  • 2 Corinthians 11:2; 1 Timothy 5:9
    • see also Husbands
    see also Monogamy
    see also Polyandry
    see also Polgyny in the New Testament

    Only-begotten daughter

  • Luke 8:42
    • see also Daughters

    Only-begotten son

  • Luke 7:12; 9:38; John 3:16, 18; cf. 1:18
    • see also First-born

    Oral sex

    see Cunnilingus
    see Fellatio
    see Homosexual activity

    Orgiastic behavior

    see Group sex

    Original sin

  • Psalm 51:5 (dubious); Romans 5:12, 19
    • see also Coitus connected to original sin

    Orphan boy under instruction of grandmother

  • Tobit 1:8
    • see also Woman under care of son

    Parable of the ten virgins

  • Matthew 25:1-13

    • Parable of the wedding banquet

  • Matthew 22:1-14

    • Paramours

  • Ezekiel 23:20
    • see also Lovers

    Passions

  • Susanna 8-14; 4 Maccabees 2:3; 7:10, 18; Romans 1:26; 7:5; Colossians 3:5; 1 Thessalonians 4:5; Revelation 14:8
    • see also Emotions

    Paternity and deception

  • 2 Samuel 11:5-13

    • Paul married

  • Philippians 4:3 (some have suggested that Paul was addressing his wife)

    • Paul without a wife

  • 1 Corinthians 7:8; 9:5-6, 15; cf. Epiphanius, Against Heresies 30:16 (the tradition of one sect was that Paul was a Greek who became a proselyte hoping to marry the daughter of a priest and that he failed to secure the maiden; see The Apocryphal New Testament, translated by Montague Rhodes James, 1924, p. 20)
    • see also Apostles married

    Paul's kin

  • Acts 23:16; Romans 16:7, 11, 13, 21; cf. Romans 9:3

    • Paul's married helpers

    see Priscilla and Aquila

    Paul's mother

  • Romans 16:13 (may be a figurative sense; cf. Matthew 12:50; Mark 3:35; Luke 8:21; 1 Timothy 5:2)

    • Paul's sister

  • Acts 23:16

    • Penectomy

  • Deuteronomy 23:1
    • see also Emasculation

    Penis

    see Bodies
    see "Feet" as euphemism for male genitalia
    see Genitals
    see "Hand" as euphemism for male genitalia
    see "Loins" as male reproductive organs
    see Testicles
    see "Vessel" as euphemism for male genitalia

    Perfume

  • Exodus 30:22-38; 37:29; 39:38; 40:9; Leviticus 8:30; 10:7; 2 Esdras 2:12; Judith 10:3 (tentative); Additions to Esther 14:3 = 4:17k; Wisdom 2:7; Sirach 24:15; 3 Maccabees 4:6; Matthew 26:7; Mark 14:3-9; Luke 7:37-38, 46; John 11:2; 12:3-7
    • see also Women in occupations: Perfumers

    Peter married

  • Matthew 8:14-15; Mark 1:29-31; Luke 4:38-39; 1 Corinthians 9:5
    • see also Apostles married

    Petting

    see Caresses

    Phallus, Artificial

    see Dildos

    Pharoah

    see Sarai (Sarah) given to Pharoah

    Phineas

  • Numbers 25; Psalm 106:30; Sirach 45:23; 1 Maccabees 2:26, 54
    • see also Intermarriage with Midianites -- Zimri
    see also Zimri and Cozbi

    Placenta

    see Afterbirth

    Pleasure

  • Psalm 16:11; Wisdom 7:2; 4 Maccabees 1:20-22, 24-25, 28, 33; 5:23; 6:35; 8:18; 2 Timothy 3:4; Titus 3:3

    • Pleasure in unrighteousness

  • 2 Thessalonians 2:12; cf. Romans 1:32; 7; 1 Corinthians 13:6; Hebrews 11:25; James 4:3; 5:5

    • Polyandry

    Definition: Polyandry is the practice of a woman freely and legitimately having more than one male sexual partner, the relationships overlapping in duration and expected to be long-term, whether the partners be husbands or cicisbei or a combination of both. By "legitimately" is meant in terms of the mores of the group in which she was raised or to which she has attached herself.

    Note: Evidence for polyandry in the ancient Near East is elusive. For instance, an inscription recording the reforms of Uru'inimgina = Urukagina, King of Lagash (reigned circa 2380-circa 2372 B.C.E.) says that "Women of former times each married two men, but women of today have been made to give up that crime [or debt servitude]." See La 9.3.iii as translated in Presargonic Inscriptions, [by] Jerrold S. Cooper, 1986, page 77. This statement can bear many interpretations, one being that the practice of indenturing one man's wife to another man was forbidden under the reforms. Millennia later, we have a slightly more secure mention of polyandry in the general region. Strabo (circa 64 B.C.E.-circa 21 C.E., Roman author) has a passage on sexual customs in Arabia Felix or Yemen, in which he says, "All the kindred have their property in common, the eldest being lord; all have one wife and it is first come first served, the man who enters to her leaving at the door the stick which it is usual for every one to carry; but the night she spends with the eldest... An adulterer is punished with death; and adulterer means a man of another stock." (Geographia 16.4.25)

    see also Adultery defined <Link to Statutes of Leviticus 18>
    see also Adultery of female tolerated
    see also Divorce
    see also Giving a man's wife to another -- father
    see also Giving a man's wife to another -- husband
    see also Giving women to be ravished
    see also Harlotry
    see also Headship
    see also Jealousy of husband
    see also Leaving parents (the male)
    see also Levirate duty (Note: Some scholars have postulated that levirate duty may be traced to fraternal polyandry.)
    see also Matrilineal approach
    see also Monogamy
    see also Name taken from wife's family
    see also Naming by mother
    see also One husband
    see also Polygyny
    see also Queen of Sheba (Note: Sheba has been plausibly identified with the southwest corner of the Arabian peninsula, roughly where Yemen is now located. Polyandry persisted in this area for millennia. However, the marital customs at the time of the Queen of Sheba are not known. See Kinship & Marriage in Early Arabia, by W. Robertson Smith (1903): pp. 271-272.)
    see also Rebecca and Abimelech
    see also Remarriage of woman after divorce
    see also Sarah given to Abimelech
    see also Sarai given to Pharoah
    see also Slaves (female) and sexual relations
    see also Woman encompassing a man
    see also Woman's tent

    Polyandry in the Hebrew Bible

    see also Incest <Link to Statutes of Leviticus 18>

    Polyandry of Christians

    Polyandry of Samaritans

  • John 4:18 (highly dubious; the Samaritan woman would have had her five husbands in sequence, losing each either by death or divorce)

    • Polyandry repulsed

  • Susanna 20 (highly dubious; marriage was apparently not the goal)

    • Polygyny

    Definition: Polygyny is the practice of a man freely and legitimately having more than one female sexual partner, the relationships overlapping in duration and expected to be long-term, whether the partners be wives or concubines or a combination of both. By "legitimately" is meant in terms of the mores of the group in which he was raised or to which he has attached himself.

    see also Adultery defined <Link to Statutes of Leviticus 18>
    see also Divorce
    see also Headship
    see also Incest <Link to Statutes of Leviticus 18>
    see also Leaving parents (the female)
    see also Levirate duty (Note: Levirate marriage presupposed that a man was not only morally free to take an additional wife but, under certain circumstances, was obligated to do so. For polygyny as potentially a moral obligation under different circumstances, see Sirach 4:10.)
    see also Monogamy
    see also Polyandry
    see also Remarriage of man after divorce s
    ee also Rivalry
    see also Woman under care of husband

    Polygyny and apostasy

  • Genesis 31:19, 30, 32-36 (dubious; Rachel's stealing of idols had nothing to do with polygyny and did not lead Jacob into apostasy); Deuteronomy 17:17 (kings); 1 Kings 11 (King Solomon)

    • Polygyny and household problems

    see also Family strife
    see also Jealousy
    see also Rivalry

    Polygyny in the Hebrew Bible and Deuterocanonical Books

    see also Polygyny of ...

    Polygyny in the New Testament

    Note: Polygyny is fairly well documented as continuing among the Jews into the New Testament era and beyond. Their legal code continued to take it into account, as can be clearly seen in the Mishnah and Tosefta. Furthermore, there is historical evidence, some of it documentary; for instance:

    From later rabbinic literature, we learn of a number of instances of polygyny among Jews; however not all of those instances are necessarily true to history:

    Furthermore, we see polygyny being used in rabbinic parables, which suggests that it was a commonplace in Jewish life. See, for example:

    For polygyny as a matter accounted for in rabbinic legal reasoning, see, for example:

    Evidently polgyyny was not permissible in every Jewish sect of the First Century, since the Qumran sect limited marriage to monogamy. Among the Dead Sea scrolls, see the Damascus Document (CD = 4Q266-272) 4:21 and the Temple Scroll (11Q19-20) 57:17-18
    see also Bishops (overseers) in the church married
    see also Deacons in the church married
    see also Elders in the church married
    see also Incest (male as ego): Father's wife <Link to Statutes of Leviticus 18>
    see also Jesus and women
    see also Jesus as married
    see also One husband see also Polygyny of God
    see also Wells as places to find a bride

    Polygyny of ...

    Note: In the indexing that follows, where large numbers of children are involved, multiple childbearers are assumed. However, some scholars have suggested that a large number of sons may include people that are not necessarily related biologically and that have entered into a special relationship of loyalty with the "father."

    see also Polygyny in the Hebrew Bible and Deuterocanonical Books

    Polygyny of Abijah

  • 2 Chronicles 11:22-23 (tentative); 13:21

    • Polygyny of Abimelech

  • Genesis 20:2-18

    • Polygyny of Abram (Abraham)

  • Genesis 16:1-6 (Sarai and Hagar); 25:1-6 (Keturah and concubines); Galatians 4:22 (Sarai and Hagar)

    • Polygyny of Adam

  • see extrabiblical sources regarding the legend of Lilith, many of which are compiled in The Legends of Jews, by Louis Ginzberg.

    • Polygyny of Ahab

  • 1 Kings 16:31 (Jezebel); 20:3, 5, 6 (wives); 2 Kings 10:1 ("seventy sons" suggests multiple wives)

    • Polygyny of Alphaeus

  • In Mark 2:14 Levi is represented as the son of Alphaeus (cf. Luke 5:27-29; in Matthew 9:9-13 the name Matthew is used instead of Levi). In Mark James is represented as the son of Alphaeus (3:18; cf. Matthew 10:3; Luke 6:15; Acts 1:13) and of Mary (15:40; 16:1; cf. Matthew 27:56). Furthermore, in Mark, Mary is represented as having another son, Joses (15:40, 47; cf. Matthew 27:56, where the name is Joseph). Edgar J. Goodspeed writes: "This extraordinary woman is spoken of as the mother of James and Joses, but not as the mother of Matthew; we must suppose she was his stepmother." However, another possibility is that Mary was one wife in a polygynous household headed by Alphaeus. In other words, the Apostle to whom the first canonical Gospel is attributed may have grown up in a polygynous family. For the quotation, see Matthew: Apostle and Evangelist, by Edgard J. Goodspeed (Philadelphia: John C. Winston Co., c1959): p. 6.

    • Polygyny of Ashhur

  • 1 Chronicles 4:5 (Helah and Naarah)

    • Polygyny of Attai

  • 2 Chronicles 11:20, 23 (tentative)

    • Polygyny of Belshazzar

  • Daniel 5:2, 23

    • Polygyny of Boaz

  • Boaz was a man of great wealth (Ruth 2:1) and not young (3:10) when he married Ruth. In that culture it was unlikely that such a man had never been married. Boaz shows no concern about providing an heir for himself, despite providing an heir for Ruth's deceased husband, Mahlon (although Boaz did receive the credit in the biblical genealogies, starting with 4:13-22, for siring Obed). That suggests that he already had an heir. Who were his maidens (2:8), who were under his protection, lest others fall upon them (2:22)? Daughters, perhaps? Why did the elders liken Rachel and Leah, a polygynous situation, to Boaz's situation (4:11)? The entire book is pregnant with suggestiveness, and part of that suggestiveness is that Boaz had multiple wives.

    • Polygyny of Caleb

    see also Incest (male as ego): Father's wife <Link to Statutes of Leviticus 18>
    see also Polygyny of Hezron

    Polygyny of David

    see also David and Abigail
    see also David and Abishag
    see also David and Bathesheba
    see also David and Michal

    Polygyny of Elkanah, a commoner

  • 1 Samuel 1:2 (Hannah, Penninah)

    • Polygyny of Esau

  • Genesis 26:34-35 (Judith, daughter of Beeri; Basemath, daughter of Elon); 28:9 (Mahalath, daughter of Ishmael; also other wives); 36:2, 4, 10, 12, 16 (Adah, daughter of Elon); 36:2, 5, 14, 18 (Oholibamah, daughter of Anah); 36:3, 4, 10, 13, 17 (Basemath, daughter of Ishmael); 36:6 (wives)

    • Polygyny of Gideon

  • Judges 8:30-31

    • Polygyny of God

  • Jeremiah 3:6-10 (Israel and Judah); Ezekiel 23 (Oholah = Samaria; Oholibah = Jerusalem)
    • see also Polygyny in the New Testament: John 4:4-42

    Polygyny of Heman (tentative; "fourteen sons and three daughters" suggests more than one childbearer)

  • 1 Chronicles 25:4-5

    • Polygyny of Hezron (tentative; possibly the wives were successive)

    see also Incest (male as ego): Father's wife <Link to Statutes of Leviticus 18>
    see also Polygyny of Caleb

    Polygyny of Ibzan (tentative; "thirty sons and thirty daughters" suggests multiple childbearers)

  • Judges 12:9

    • Polygyny of Issachar (tribe)

  • 1 Chronicles 7:4

    • Polygyny of Jacob

  • Genesis 29:23-30 (Leah and Rachel); 30:4-10 (Bilhah and Zilpah); 31:50 (other wives forbidden); 32:22 (two wives); 33:1-7 (Leah and Rachel and the two maids); 35:23-26 (Leah, Rachel, Bilhah, Zilpah); 37:2 (Bilhah and Zilpah); 46:8-25 (Leah, Zilpah, Rachel, Bilhah); Ruth 4:11 (Rachel and Leah)

    • Polygyny of Jacob restrained

  • Genesis 31:50
    • see also Number of wives limited

    Polygyny of Jehoiachin

  • 2 Kings 24:15 (the parallel passage in 2 Chronicles 36:10 does not mention his wives)

    • Polygyny of Jehoram

  • 2 Chronicles 21:14, 17 (the parallel account of Jehoram's reign in 2 Kings 8:16-24 does not mention his wives)

    • Polygyny of Jerahmeel

  • 1 Chronicles 2:25-26 (unnamed woman and Atarah)

    • Polygyny of Jesus

    see Polygyny in the New Testament (especially under Luke 8 and John 4, and the note on the Questions of Bartholomew at end)

    Polygyny of Jeush

  • 2 Chronicles 11:19, 23 (tentative)

    • Polygyny of Job

  • Job 1:2; 42:13 (dubious; only one wife appears in the story; but Job is represented as having had twenty children altogether, which suggests multiple childbearers; perhaps he had a succession of wives)

    • Polygyny of Joash

  • 2 Chronicles 24:3 (two wives; the parallel account of Joash/Jehoash's reign in 2 Kings 11:21-12:16 does not mention his wives)

    • Polygyny of Josiah

  • 2 Kings 23:30-31, 34, 36 (tentative; Hamutal and Zebidah; the parallel account in 2 Chronicles 36:1-8 does not mention the two women by whom Josiah fathered sons)

    • Polygyny of king

  • Psalm 45:9 (dubious)

    • Polygyny of king restrained

  • Deuteronomy 17:17
    • see also Kings not to multiply wives
    see also Number of wives limited

    Polygyny of Lamech

  • Genesis 4:19, 23 (Adah and Zillah)

    • Polygyny of Mered

  • 1 Chronicles 4:17-18 (a Jewish wife and Bithia); 4:18-19 (LXX; Betthia and Iduia?)

    Note: 1 Chronicles 4:17-19 is a difficult passage to interpret; in some interpretations, Bithia is the only recorded wife of Mered)

    •

    Polygyny of Moses (tentative)

    see also Zipporah and Moses

    Polygyny of Nahor

  • Genesis 22:20-23 (Milcah); 22:24 (Reumah)

    • Polygyny of Rehoboam

  • 2 Chronicles 11:18-19 (Mahalath); 11:20-21 (Maacah); 11:21 (eighteen wives and sixteen concubines); 11:23 (dubious; probably refers to wives for his sons)

    • Polygyny of Rehoboam's sons

  • 2 Chronicles 11:23 (tentative)

    • Polygyny of Saul

  • 1 Samuel 14:50 (Ahinoam); 2 Samuel 3:7 (Rizpah); 12:8 (wives)

    • Polygyny of Shaharaim

  • 1 Chronicles 8:8, 11 (Hushim); 8:8 (Baara); 8:9-10 (Hodesh)

    • Polygyny of Shelomith

  • 2 Chronicles 11:20, 23 (tentative)

    • Polygyny of Shemariah

  • 2 Chronicles 11:19, 23 (tentative)

    • Polygyny of Shimei

  • 1 Chronicles 4:27 (tentative; "sixteen sons and six daughters" suggests multiple childbearers)

    • Polygyny of Simeon (tentative)

  • Genesis 46:10; Exodus 6:15 (in both references an unnamed woman and a Canaanite woman)

    • Polygyny of Solomon

    see also Queen of Sheba

    Polygyny of Terah (tentative)

  • Genesis 11:26-29; 20:12

    • Polygyny of Zaham

  • 2 Chronicles 11:19, 23 (tentative)

    • Polygyny of Ziba, a servant

  • 2 Samuel 9:10 (tentative; "fifteen sons," never mind daughters, suggests more than one childbearer)

    • Polygyny of Ziza

  • 2 Chronicles 11:20, 23 (tentative)

    • Pomegranates associated with sexuality

  • Song of Songs 4:13; 6:7, 11; 7:12; 8:2

    • Porneia (Greek word; violation of the Israelite sexual code; cultic impurity of sexual kind, literally or metaphorically; sexual immorality)

  • Tobit 4:12; Wisdom 14:12; Sirach 23:23; 26:9; 41:17; Matthew 5:32; 15:19; 19:9; Mark 7:21; Acts 15:20, 29; 1 Corinthians 5:1; 6:13, 18; 7:2; 10:8; 2 Corinthians 12:21; Galatians 5:19; Ephesians 5:3; Colossians 3:5; 1 Thessalonians 4:3; Revelation 2:14, 20 (verb); 9:21; 14:8; 17:1-2, 4
    • see also Cultic impurity regarding sexual matters
    see also "Cut off" offenses
    see also Koite
    see also Vice catalogs

    Pornography

  • Wisdom 15:4-6 (dubious)

    • Pornos (Greek word) and close variations (violator of cultic purity regarding sexuality)

  • Sirach 23:16-21; 1 Corinthians 5:9-11; 6:9, 18; Ephesians 5:5; 1 Timothy 1:10; Hebrews 12:16; 13:4; Revelation 21:8; 22:15
    • see also Vice catalogs

    Possessing a woman

  • Sirach 9:8; 36:24; Susanna 11

    • Post-coital condition

  • Psalm 19:5 (tentative)
    • see also Coitus

    Post-menopausal

  • Ruth 1:11
    • see also Childbearing in old age

    Prayer and marriage

    see Marriage and prayer

    Pregnancy

  • 2 Samuel 11:5; Ecclesiastes 11:5; Isaiah 46:3; 2 Esdras 4:40-41; 8:8; Wisdom 7:2; Sirach 42:10; 4 Maccabees 15:6; 16;7; Matthew 1:18; 24:19; Mark 13:17; Luke 1:24, 36, 41-43; 21:23; Revelation 12:2
    • see also Childbirth
    see also Coitus after pregnancy
    see also Conception
    see also Quickening
    see also Unwed mothers
    see also Womb

    Pregnancy before consummation of marriage

  • Matthew 1:18-19; Luke 2:5

    • Pregnancy before marital arrangement

  • Sirach 42:10

    • Pregnant women ripped open

  • 2 Kings 8:12; 15:16; Hosea 13:16; Amos 1:13; cf. Isaiah 13:18; Hosea 9:16; 10:14

    • Premarital sex

    see Coitus prior to marital arrangement

    Premature birth

  • 2 Esdras 6:21
    • see also Childbirth

    Priesthood as inheritance

    see Inheritance of priesthood

    Priesthood of assembly

  • Numbers 16:3, 10

    • Priesthood extended to believing Gentiles

  • Isaiah 66:21; 1 Peter 2:4-10 (cf. 1:1 and 2:11)

    • Priesthood of believers

  • 1 Corinthians 7 (tentative; the code follows that for priests in Leviticus 21, assuming Christ to be the high priestly groom of the church); 1 Peter 2:4-10; Revelation 1:6; 5:10; 20:6
    • see also First fruits as people
    see also Temple theology of the body

    Priesthood of Israel

  • Exodus 19:6; 22:31 (tentative); Leviticus 11:44-45 (tentative); 20:7, 26 (tentative); Deuteronomy 7:6 (tentative); 26:19 (tentative); Isaiah 61:6

    • Priesthood of Jesus

  • 1 Corinthians 7 (tentative; the code follows that for priests in Leviticus 21, assuming Christ to be the high priestly groom of the church); Hebrews 2:17; 3:1; 4:14-5:10; 6:20-10:22; 12:24; 13:10-16

    • Priesthood outside of Israel

  • Genesis 14:18-20; Exodus 18:1, 12; Psalm 110:4; Baruch 6:28-33; Hebrews 5:6-10; 6:20-10:22

    • Priests and marriage -- Israelite

  • Leviticus 21:4, 7, 9
    • see also High priest
    see also Wives of priests

    Priest's daughter

  • Leviticus 21:9; 22:12

    • Priests having intercourse with women who served

  • 1 Samuel 2:22

    • Priscilla and Aquila (Paul's married helpers)

  • Acts 18:2, 18, 26; Romans 16:3; 1 Corinthians 16:19; 2 Timothy 4:19
    • see also Women as church workers

    Procreation

  • Genesis 1:28; 8:17; 9:1, 7; 28:3; 35:11; 47:27; 48:4, 16; Exodus 1:7; Jeremiah 29:6

    • Procreation of spirit

    see Born of the spirit

    Promiscuity

  • Sirach 23:17 (dubious; probably instead bestiality and male homosexuality, perhaps also menstrual sex)

    • Prostitute

    Regarding prostitutes and prostitution, in the following listings are gathered references to either cult prostitution or commercial exchange for sexual services, where the context or vocabulary indicates that one or the other may be involved. For the sexual waywardness of women, which may include, among other things, prostitution in these senses, see under "Harlotry." There other cross references may be found.

    Prostitute visited by Judah

  • Genesis 38:15-23

    • Prostitutes roped

  • Baruch 6:43

    • Prostitute's song

    see Harlot's song

    Prostitution, Cult (Female)

  • Deuteronomy 23:17-18; 1 Samuel 2:22 (tentative); Job 36:14 (check; female?); Hosea 4:14; Amos 2:7 (tentative); Baruch 6:11 (dubious), 43 (tentative); 2 Maccabees 6:4 (tentative)

    • Prostitution, Cult (Male)

  • Deuteronomy 23:17-18; 1 Samuel 2:22 (tentative); 1 Kings 14:24; 15:12; 22:46; 2 Kings 23:7; Wisdom 3:13 (dubious); 1 Corinthians 6:9 (dubious); 1 Timothy 1:10 (dubious); Hebrews 12:16 (dubious); Revelation 21:8 (tentative); 22:15 (tentative)

    • Prostitution involving commercial exchange (female)

  • Genesis 38:15, 21-23; 2 Kings 17:17 (dubious); Isaiah 23:15-18; Hosea 2:12; Joel 3:3 (tentative); Sirach 9:6 (tentative); Baruch 6:10-11 (tentative)
    • see also Harlotry
    see also Tamar, wife of Er
    see also Women and occupations

    Prostitution involving commercial exchange (male)

  • 2 Kings 17:17 (dubious); Ezekiel 16:33-34 (however, the vocabulary of male prostitution is not used; beware anachronism); Joel 3:3 (dubious)

    • Prostitution wages

  • Deuteronomy 23:18; Isaiah 23:17; Ezekiel 16:31, 33-34, 41; Hosea 2:12; 9:1; Micah 1:7

    • Pubic hair

  • Ezekiel 16:7 (tentative)

    • Public sex

    see Coitus in open air
    see Sexual activity in view of others

    Purity

    see Cultic purity

    Queen of Sheba

  • 1 Kings 10:1-10, 13; 2 Chronicles 9:1-12; Matthew 12:42; Luke 11:31
    • see also Polyandry
    see also Polygyny of Solomon
    see also Women rule

    Quickening

  • Luke 1:41, 44 (tentative)
    • see also Pregnancy
    see also Womb

    "Quiver" as metaphor for vagina

  • Sirach 26:12; cf. Psalm 127:5
    • see also "Thigh" as euphemism for female pudenda
    see also Womb

    Rahab

  • Joshua 2; 6:17, 22-25; Hebrews 11:31; James 2:25

    Note that a Rahab is also represented as an ancestor of Jesus (Matthew 1:5)

    •
    see also Harlotry

    Rape of women

  • Genesis 34:2, 7; 49:5-7; Deuteronomy 22:25-27 (vss. 28-29 tentative); 2 Samuel 13; Isaiah 13:16; Lamentations 5:11; Zechariah 14:2; 2 Esdras 10:22; Judith 9:2; Sirach 20:4 (dubious); 42:10 (tentative)
    • see also Gang rape of women
    see also Giving women to be ravished

    Rebecca and Abimelech

  • Genesis 26:7-11
    • see also David and Bathsheba
    see also Giving a man's wife to another -- husband
    see also Polyandry
    see also Sarah given to Abimelech
    see also Sarai given to Pharoah

    Rebirth

  • John 3:3-7
    • see also Childbirth as image

    Reconciliation of husband and wife

  • 1 Corinthians 7:11
    • see also Remarrying former wife

    Registration

  • 3 Maccabees 4:14-15, 17-21; 6:34; 7:22

    • Release of captured woman

  • Deuteronomy 21:14

    • Release of female servant

  • Exodus 21:8, 11
    • see also Servants (female)

    Remarriage of man after decease of wife

  • Genesis 25:1
    • see also Replacement of a wife

    Remarriage of man after divorce

  • Malachi 2:11-16 (dubious); Matthew 19:9 (dubious); Mark 10:11 (dubious); Luke 16:18 (dubious); 1 Corinthians 7:27
    • see also Divorce by man
    see also Polygyny

    Remarriage of woman after decease of husband

  • 1 Samuel 25; 2 Samuel 11:26-27; Tobit 3:8, 15; 6:13; 7:11; Sirach 4:10 (tentative; cf. Job 31:16-18); John 4:18 (the Samaritan woman had had five husbands whom she had lost presumably through decease or divorce); Romans 7:2; 1 Corinthians 7:9, 39; 1 Tim 5:14
    • see also Death of husband releases woman
    see also Levirate duty

    Remarriage of woman after divorce

  • Judges 14:20; 15:2, 6; 1 Samuel 25:44; Sirach 4:10 (dubious); 1 Maccabees 11:12; Matthew 5:32; Mark 10:12; Luke 16:18; John 4:18 (the Samaritan woman had had five husbands whom she had lost presumably through decease or divorce); Romans 7:2-3; 1 Timothy 5:9-15 (tentative); contrast Luke 2:36-37
    • see also Death of husband releases woman
    see also Divorce by woman
    see also Divorced woman ineligible
    see also Polyandry

    Remarrying former wife

  • Deuteronomy 24:1-4; 1 Samuel 25:44; 2 Samuel 3:12-16; Jeremiah 3:1; 1 Corinthians 7:11 (reconciliation)
    • see also Taking back wayward wife or concubine

    Replacement of a wife

  • 1 Chronicles 2:19; Malachi 2:11-26; Matthew 19:9 (dubious); Mark 10:11 (dubious); Luke 16:18 (dubious)
    • see also Remarriage of man after decease of wife

    Reprieve from military duty during first year of marriage

  • Deuteronomy 24:5
    • see also Marriage as excuse

    Reprieve from military duty for the betrothed

  • Deuteronomy 20:7; 1 Maccabees 3:56
    • see also Marriage as excuse

    Respect of wife for husband

  • Ephesians 5:33

    • Resurrection

    see Marriage and resurrection

    Return of man to father

  • Judges 14:19
    • see also Leaving parents (the male)

    Return of widow to kin

  • Ruth; John 4:17-18 (a tentative interpretation: the Samaritan woman had been widowed five times and was now under the care of one of her kinsmen, perhaps her father)

    • Return of widow to father

  • Genesis 38:11; Leviticus 22:13
    • see also Widows

    Return of widow to mother's house

  • Ruth 1:8; contrast Judith 8:4
    • see also Widows

    Return of wife to father

  • Exodus 18:2 (cf. 4:18; 18:27); Leviticus 22:13; Judges 19:2
    • see also Divorced woman returns to control of father
    see also Leaving parents (the female)
    see also Leaving parents (the male)

    Return of wife to husband

  • Exodus 18:5-6 (tentative); Tobit 2:1

    • Reuben and his father's concubine

  • Genesis 35:22; 49:4; 1 Chronicles 5:1
    • see also Incest (male as ego): Father's concubine

    Rib

  • Genesis 2:22; 4 Maccabees 18:7

    • Rights of wayward wife lost

  • Jeremiah 11:15

    • Rivalry

  • Leviticus 18:18; Sirach 26:6; 37:11; 4 Maccabees 1:26
    • see also Jealousy
    see also Polygyny

    Roped women

    see Prostitutes roped

    Sabbath

    see "Cut off" offenses
    see Law is for human beings, not human beings for the Law

    Sacramentum

    see Marriage as mystery

    Sacrifice to idols

    see "Cut off" offenses

    Samaritan woman

    see Jesus and women
    see Polygyny in the New Testament

    Sanctification of spouse

  • 1 Corinthians 7:14, 16

    • Sarah given to Abimelech

  • Genesis 20
    • see also David and Bathsheba
    see also Giving a man's wife to another -- husband
    see also Polyandry
    see also Rebeccah and Abimelech
    see also Sarai given to Pharoah

    Sarai (Sarah) given to Pharoah

  • Genesis 12:10-20
    • see also David and Bathsheba
    see also Giving a man's wife to another -- husband
    see also Polyandry
    see also Rebeccah and Abimelech
    see also Sarah given to Abimelech

    Satan

    see Deliver to Satan

    Seducers

  • 4 Maccabees 18:8

    • Seduction

  • Exodus 22:16; Proverbs 7:21; Isaiah 4:16

    • Seduction rebuffed

  • Genesis 39:7-12

    • Self-control

  • 2 Esdras 14:34; Wisdom 8:7; Sirach 26:15; 4 Maccabees 1:3, 30-31 (defined in vs. 31); 5:23, 34; 7:18; Acts 25:25; 1 Corinthians 7:2, 5, 7, 9; Galatians 5:23; 2 Timothy 1:7; Titus 1:8; 2:6; 2 Peter 1:6

    • Self-justification

  • Job 32:1-2; 40:8; Proverbs 30:12, 20

    • Semen

  • Jeremiah 31:27 (tentative); Wisdom 7:2

    • Seminal emission and uncleanness

  • Leviticus 15:16-18, 32-33; 22:4; Deuteronomy 23:10-11; 1 Samuel 21:4-5 (tentative)
    • see also Cultic impurity with regard to sexual matters
    see also Masturbation

    Sensuality

  • Revelation 18:3, 7, 9 (dubious; probably means luxury)
    • see also Licentiousness

    Separation

  • Matthew 19:6; Mark 10:9

    • Servant as heir

  • Genesis 15:2-3 (tentative); 1 Chronicles 2:34-35 (tentative)
    • see also Inheritance
    see also Levirate duty by woman's father's servant

    Servants (female)

  • Exodus 2:5; 11:5; 20:10, 17; 21:7-11; 23:12; Leviticus 19:20; 25:6, 39-46; Deuteronomy 5:14; 12:12, 18; 15:12, 17; 16:11, 14; 28:68; Ruth 2:8, 13, 22-23; 3:2; 1 Samuel 8:16; 2 Kings 5:26; 2 Chronicles 28:10; Job 31:13; Is 14:2; Lamentations 1:1; Joel 2:29; Nahum 2:7; Tobit 8:12-14; Judith 8:7; 16:23; Additions to Esther 15:2, 7 = 5:1a, e; Susanna 15-19, 21, 27, 36; Matthew 26:69, 71; Mark 14:66, 69; Luke 12:45; 22:56-58; John 18:26; Acts 12:13; 16:16-18
    • see also Daughters sold into slavery
    see also Release of female servant
    see also Slaves (female) and sexual relations
    see also Women and occupations
    see also Women as spoils of war

    Sexual activity in view of others

  • Genesis 9:21 (dubious); 26:8; Numbers 25:6-8 (dubious; in any case the issue seems to be not sexual activity in public view but idolatry); 2 Samuel 12:11-12; 16:21-22
    • see also Coitus in open air
    see also Kissing

    Sexual deprivation

  • Exodus 21:10; 1 Corinthians 7:5

    • Sexual immorality

    see Porneia

    Sexuality as blessing

  • Genesis 1:28; 49:25
    • see also Blessings of breast and womb
    see also Marriage a good

    Sexuality as good

  • Genesis 2:27-28, 31; cf. Wisdom 1:14; 11:24-25
    • see also Marriage a good

    Shame

  • Genesis 2:25; 1 Samuel 20:30; 2 Samuel 6:20; Psalm 132:18; Mt 1:19; Philippians 3:19; Revelation 3:18; 16:15

    • Shame worthy

  • Acts 5:41

    • Shaved head

  • Leviticus 14:8; 21:5; Deuteronomy 21:12; Job 1:20; Isaiah 15:2; 22:12; Amos 8:10; Micah 1:16; Acts 18:18; 21:24
    • see also Baldness
    see also Bodies
    see also Hair

    Sheba

    see Queen of Sheba

    Shulamite

  • Song of Songs 6:13

    • Shunammite woman

  • 2 Kings 4:8-37; 8:1-6

    • Silence of women

    see Women silenced
    see Women to keep silent in the churches

    Sinful union

  • Wisdom 3:13, 16; 4:6

    • Singles

    see Unmarried
    see Virgins
    see Widows

    Slave trade in females

  • Joel 3:3, 8

    • Slaves (female) and sexual relations

  • Exodus 21:7-11; Leviticus 19:20-22; 2 Chronicles 24:25 (??? dubious)
    • see also Polyandry
    see also Servants (female)
    see also Women as spoils of war

    Slaves (male) and marriage

  • Exodus 21:2-6; 1 Chronicles 2:34-35

    • "Sleep with" as euphemism for coitus

  • Genesis 19:33-36; 26:10; 29:23, 30; 30:3-4, 15-16; 38:15-18, 26; 39:7, 10, 12, 14; Tobit 14:14; Wisdom 4:6

    • Sluts

    see Harlot

    Sodom

  • Genesis 19; Luke 10:12; 17:28-29; Jude 7 (many more references; see concordance)

    • Sodomy

    see Anal intercourse
    see Homosexual activity (male)

    Sojourners among the Israelites

    see Aliens

    Solomon's judgment

  • 1 Kings 3:16-28

    • Solomon's marriage to foreign women

  • 1 Kings 11; Nehemiah 13:26
    • see also Polygyny

    Spiritual birth

    see Born of the spirit

    Spoils of war

    see Women as spoils of war
    see Women share in spoils

    Stages of life (females)

  • 2 Esdras 5:49-50

    • Still birth

  • Job 3:11
    • see also Childbirth
    see also Miscarrriage
    see also Womb

    Strangled things

    see "Cut off" offenses

    Subjection of wife

    see Wives subject to husbands

    Surrogate motherhood

  • Genesis 30:3 (dubious; perhaps better classed as a case of adoption)
    • see also Motherhood

    Taking back wayward wife or concubine

  • Judges 15:1-7 (dubious); 19:3; Hosea 2:7
    • see also Remarrying former wife

    Taking back wayward wife or concubine as image

  • Jeremiah 3:12-13

    • Taking name of husband

  • Tobit 3:8

    • Taking one's betrothed wife

  • Matthew 1:18, 20, 24-25 (being taken into household?)
    • see also Betrothal

    Taking wife for another

  • Genesis 21:21; 2 Chronicles 24:3; 2 Esdras 9:47
    • see also Giving a woman in marriage

    Taking wife from husband

    see Wives taken from husbands

    Tamar, sister of Absalom

  • 2 Samuel 13; 1 Chronicles 3:9

    • Tamar, wife of Er

  • Genesis 38; 1 Chronicles 2:4
    • see also Prostitution involving commercial exchange (female)

    Tatoos

  • Leviticus 19:28

    • Temple theology of the body

  • John 2:19-22; 1 Corinthians 3:16-17; 6:14-20; Ephesians 2:19-22; Revelation 3:12; cf. 21:3, 22
    • see also Bodies
    see also Priesthood of believers

    Tent as nuptial site

  • Genesis 24:66

    • Tent of woman

    see Woman's tent

    Testicles ("thigh") and oath-making

  • Genesis 24:2 (tentative); 47:29 (tentative)
    • see also "Arrow" as metaphor for phallus
    see also "Feet" as euphemism for male genitalia
    see also "Finger" as euphemism for male genitalia
    see also Genitals
    see also "Hand" as euphemism for male genitalia
    see also "Loins" as male reproductive organs
    see also "Thigh" as euphemism for testicles
    see also "Vessel" as euphemism for male genitalia

    "Thigh" as euphemism for female pudenda

  • Numbers 5:21-22 (dubious)
    • see also "Quiver" as metaphor for vagina
    see also Womb

    "Thigh" as euphemism for testicles

  • Genesis 24:2 (tentative); 47:29 (tentative)
    • see also "Arrow" as metaphor for phallus
    see also "Feet" as euphemism for male genitalia
    see also "Finger" as euphemism for male genitalia
    see also Genitals
    see also "Hand" as euphemism for male genitalia
    see also "Loins" as male reproductive organs
    see also Testicles ("thigh") and oath-making
    see also "Vessel" as euphemism for penis

    Thoughts

  • Matthew 15:19; Mark 7:21; 2 Corinthians 10:5; Philippians 4:8

    • Threshing floor as site of sexual activity

  • Ruth 3:2-15; 2 Kings 6:27 (highly dubious); Hosea 9:1

    • Transvestites

  • Deuteronomy 22:5 (tentative)
    • see also Clothing type prohibited

    Treatment of women

  • 1 Timothy 5:2

    See also Considerateness towards wife

    •

    Trial by ordeal of suspected adulteress

  • Numbers 5:11-31; Jeremiah 23:14-15 (tentative)
    • see also Adultery of female

    Troubled times and marriage

  • Exodus 22:24; Deuteronomy 28:30; 2 Chronicles 36:17; Psalm 78:63; Jeremiah 51:22; Amos 7:17; 2 Esdras 16:38, 44; Judith 4:12; Baruch 2:23; 1 Maccabees 9:41; 3 Maccabees 4:6; Matthew 24:19, 38; Luke 17:27; 23:29; 1 Corinthians 7:28-31; contrast 1 Timothy 4:1-5
    • see also Marriage a good
    see also Wife to become harlot

    Trust of sexual partner

  • Micah 7:5

    • Truth as female

  • 1 Esdras 4:34-41
    • see also God as female
    see also Understanding as female
    see also Wisdom as female

    Tugendkataloge

    see Virtue catalogs

    Twins

  • Genesis 25:21-26; 38:27-30

    • Uncircumcised

  • Genesis 34:14; Judges 14:3; 15:18; 1 Samuel 14:6; 17:26, 36; 31:4; 2 Samuel 1:20; 1 Chronicles 10:4; Isaiah 52:1; Additions to Esther 14:15 = 4:17u; Acts 11:3; Galatians 2:7; 5:6; 6:15; Ephesians 2:11; Colossians 2:13; 3:11
    • see also Circumcision
    see also Circumcision reversed

    Uncircumcised in heart

  • Acts 7:51
    • see also Circumcision of heart

    Uncircumcised of Israel

  • 1 Maccabees 1:48; 2:46
    • see also Circumcision reversed

    Uncleanness

    see Childbirth and uncleanness
    see Children as cultically unclean versus holy
    see Cultic impurity regarding sexual matters
    see Menstrual uncleanness
    see Seminal emission and uncleanness

    Uncover adultery or lewdness

  • Isaiah 57:8; Hosea 2:10

    • Uncover nakedness

  • Genesis 9:21; Leviticus 18; 20; 2 Samuel 6:20 (dubious); Ezekiel 23:10, 18
    • see also Cover nakedness
    see also Nakedness

    Uncover skirt

  • Deuteronomy 22:30; Nahum 3:5
    • see also Cover with skirt

    Understanding as female

  • 2 Esdras 13:55
    • see also God as female
    see also Truth as female
    see also Wisdom as female

    Unknown offense

  • Leviticus 4:2, 22, 27; 5:2-3, 15-18; 12:14; Numbers 15:22-31; 22:34; Job 1:5; 8:20; 25:4; 2 Esdras 4:12; Judith 5:20; Sirach 23:2-3; Luke 12:48; John 9:41; 15:22; Acts 3:17; 1 Timothy 1:13; 1 Peter 1:15

    • Unknown God

  • Acts 17:23, 30

    • Unmarried

  • 1 Corinthians 7:8-9, 11, 32, 34

    • Unnatural sexual acts

    see also Anal intercourse
    see also Fellatio

    Unwed mothers

    see Pregnancy before marital arrangement

    Urination

    see Defecation and urination

    Usurpation

    see Coitus as means of usurpation

    Uterus

    see Womb

    Uxorilocal marriage

    see Leaving parents (the male)

    Valorous deeds

    see Winning a wife through valorous deeds

    Valuation of persons

  • Leviticus 27:1-8

    • Veils

  • Genesis 24:65; Isaiah 4:23; 47:2; Susanna 32; 3 Maccabees 4:6; 1 Corinthians 7:5-7, 10, 13-16 (tentative); 2 Corinthians 3:12-18; 4:3

    • Venereal disease

  • Psalm 38:7 (highly dubious); Sirach 19:3 (dubious)

    • "Vessel" as euphemism for male genitalia

  • 1 Samuel 21:5 (dubious); 1 Thessalonians 4:4 (dubious); 2 Timothy 2:21 (dubious)
    • see also "Arrow" as metaphor for phallus
    see also "Feet" as euphemism for male genitalia
    see also "Finger" as euphemism for male genitalia
    see also Genitals
    see also "Hand" as euphemism for male genitalia
    see also "Loins" as male reproductive organs
    see also Testicles ("thigh") and oath-making
    see also "Thigh" as euphemism for testicles

    "Vessel" as metaphor for woman

  • 1 Thessalonians 4:4 (tentative); 1 Peter 3:7
    • see also Wives

    Vice catalogs (Lasterkataloge)

    see also Abomination (re bdelussomai)
    see also Adultery (re moichos)
    see also Arsenokoites
    see also Coveting
    see also Cultic impurity regarding sexual matters (re akarthasia)
    see also Dog as sexual epithet (re kuon)
    see also Inventors of evil
    see also Jealousy
    see also Koite
    see also Licentiousness (re aselgeia)
    see also Lust (re epithumia)
    see also Malakos
    see also Porneia
    see also Pornos
    see also Virtue catalogs
    see also Vulgar speech

    Victory in war to gain wife

  • Joshua 15:16-17; Judges 1:12-13; 1 Samuel 17:25; 18:17, 25-27
    • see also Bride price
    see also Capture leading to marriage

    Virgin birth

  • Isaiah 7:14 ("a maiden will be with child" is used in Matthew 1:23 in reference to the Virgin Mary)
    • see also Virginal conception

    Virgin birth of Jesus

  • Matthew 1:23, 25; contrast John 9:34
    • see also Jesus' nativity
    see also Virginal conception of Jesus

    Virgin males

  • Revelation 14:4
    • see also Celibacy

    Virginal conception

  • Psalm 139:13 (dubious)
    • see also God involved in conception
    see also Virgin birth

    Virginal conception of Jesus

  • Matthew 1:18, 20; Luke 1:34-35
    • see also Jesus' nativity
    see also Virgin birth of Jesus

    Virginity restored

  • cf. Isaiah 1:18

    • Virgins

    see also Non-virginity of new wife
    see also Women categorized

    Virgins as females prior to sexual relations with a male

  • Genesis 24:16; Exodus 22:16-17 (tentative); Leviticus 21:13-14; Numbers 31:18, 35, 40, 46-47 (the word "virgin" not used); Deuteronomy 22:13-30; Judges 11:37-39; 21:11-12; 2 Samuel 13:1-19 (tentative); Isaiah 7:14 (according to a supernaturalistic interpretation); Sirach 7:24 (tentative); 4 Maccabees 18:7-8; Matthew 1:18-25; Luke 1:26-38; 3:23; 2 Corinthians 11:2 (tentative)

    • Virgins as females before the onset of menarche

  • Cf. Mishnah Niddah 1:4 (even if married)

    • Virgins as image

  • 2 Kings 19:21; Jeremiah 31:4, 21; Lamentations 2:13; Amos 5:2; 2 Corinthians 11:2

    • Virgins as marriagable females

  • Job 31:1; Psalm 78:63; Jeremiah 2:32; Joel 1:8; 2 Esdras 10:22; 16:33; Sirach 42:10; 1 Corinthians 7:34, 36-38

    • Virgins as young females

  • 2 Chronicles 36:17; Esther 2:2-3; Psalm 45:14; 148:12; Isaiah 7:14 (according to a naturalistic interpretation); Jeremiah 51:22; 1 Esdras 1:53; Matthew 1:23 (a question of how Matthew interpreted Isaiah 7:14); 25:1-13; Acts 21:9
    • see also Male and female: Young men and young women

    Virgins enclosed

  • 2 Maccabees 3:19; 3 Maccabees 1:18

    • Virilocal marriage

    see Leaving parents (the female)

    Virtue catalogs (Tugendkataloge)

  • 2 Corinthians 6:6; Galatians 5:22-23; Ephesians 4:2-3, 32-5:2; Philippians 4:8; Colossians 3:12; 1 Timothy 6:11; 2 Timothy 2:22; 1 Peter 3:8; 2 Peter 1:5-7
    • see also Vice catalogs

    Vows (not marital vows)

  • Numbes 30

    • Vulgar speech

  • Psalm 109:17-18 (dubious); Sirach 23:13; 27:13-14; Ephesians 4:29; 5:3-4; Colossians 3:8; James 1:21 (tentative); 1:26; 2:12; 3:2-12; 1 Peter 3:10
    • see also Vice catalogs

    War

    see Cultic purity for battle entailing sexual abstinence
    see Reprieve from military duty ...

    "Wash feet" as euphemism for coitus

  • 2 Samuel 11:8
    • see also Coitus
    see also "Feet" as euphemism for male genitalia

    Weaning

  • Genesis 21:8; 1 Samuel 1:22-24; 1 Kings 11:20; Psalm 131:2; Isaiah 11:8; 28:9; Hosea 1:8
    • see also Nursing

    Wedding

  • Genesis 29:21-30; Song of Songs 3:11; Tobit 6:12; 7:11-16; 1 Maccabees 9:37; 10:58; John 2:19
    • see also Brides
    see also Bridegrooms
    see also Covenant with bride
    see also Giving a woman in marriage
    see also Nuptial ode

    Wedding attire

  • Matthew 22:11-13; Revelation 19:7-8

    • Wedding banquet

  • Genesis 29:22; Esther 2:18; 2 Esdras 9:47; Tobit 8:18-20; 9:2, 6; 10:7; 11:19; 3 Maccabees 4:6, 8; Matthew 22:1-14; 25:10; Luke 5:34-35; 12:36; 14:7-11; 20:46 (tentative); John 2:1-11, 19; Revelation 19:9, 17

    • Wedding of Cana

  • John 2:1-11

    • Wedding banquet as image

  • Matthew 9:15 (tentative); Rev 19:7-9

    • Wells as places to find a bride

  • Genesis 24:10-27, 42-49, 62; 29:11-12; Exodus 2:16-21; John 4:4-42 (tentative); contrast 1 Samuel 9:11-13
    • see also Polygyny in the New Testament

    "Went into" as euphemism for coitus

  • 2 Samuel 17:25; 1 Chronicles 7:23

    • Wholesomeness of sexuality

    see Sexuality as good

    Widow as image

  • Isaiah 47:8-9; 54:4; Lamentations 1:1; Baruch 4:12

    • Widowed though husband living

  • 2 Samuel 20:3

    • Widowhood as being alone

  • Lamentations 5:3; 1 Timothy 5:3, 5, 16

    • Widowhood as being without children

  • 2 Esdras 2:2-4; 4 Maccabees 16;10; contrast Lamentations 5:3; 1 Timothy 5:4

    • Widowhood as curse

  • Exodus 22:24; Job 27:15; Psalm 78:64; 109:9; Isaiah 9:17; 47:8-9; Jeremiah 18:21; Lamentations 1:1; 5:3; 2 Esdras 15:49; 16:33-34; Judith 9:3-4; Baruch 4:12, 16; Revelation 18:7-8

    • Widowhood, perpetual, as an ideal

  • Judith 16:22; Luke 2:36-37; 1 Corinthians 7:8; 1 Timothy 5:3-16

    • Widows

    see also Death of husband before consummation
    see also Levirate duty
    see also Return of widow to father
    see also Return of widow to kin
    see also Return of widow to mother's house

    Widows as marriagable

    see Remarriage of woman after decease of husband

    Widows as ineligible

  • Leviticus 21:14 (for the high priest)

    • Widows cared for by God

  • Deuteronomy 10:18; Psalm 68:5; 146:9; cf. Baruch 6:38

    • Widows' garments

  • Genesis 38:14, 19; Judith 8:5; 10:3; 16:8

    • Widows not to be oppressed

  • Exodus 22:22; Deuteronomy 24:17; 27:19; Job 22:9; 24:3, 21; 31:16-23; Psalm 94:6; Is 1:23; 10:1-2; Zechariah 7:10; Malachi 3:5; Sirach 35:15; Matthew 23:14; Mark 12:40; Luke 18:2-5 (parable of the unjust judge); 20:47

    • Widows to be cared for

  • Leviticus 22:13; Deuteronomy 14:29; 24:19-21; 26:12-13; Job 29:13; Is 1:17; 2 Esdras 2:20; Sirach 35:14; 2 Maccabees 3:10; 8:28, 30; Acts 6:1; 1 Timothy 5:3-16; James 1:27

    • Widows to participate in the feasts

  • Deuteronomy 16:11, 14; Judith 8:6

    • Wife as harlot

  • Hosea 1:2; 2:2, 4, 5, 7
    • see also Adultery of females
    see also Genitals of another man touched by wife
    see also Harlotry
    see also Wife to become harlot

    Wife as image

  • Isaiah 54:6; Ephesians 5:22-27, 32

    • Wife blessed by husband

  • Tobit 9:6

    • Wife left for the kingdom of God

  • Luke 18:29; contrast Matthew 19:29; Mark 10:29
    • see also Divorce by man

    Wife of youth

  • Proverbs 5:18; Joel 1:8; Malachi 2:14-15

    • Wife sold for debt servitude

  • Isaiah 50:1; Matthew 18:25

    • Wife to become harlot

  • Amos 7:17; cf. Deuteronomy 28:30; Job 31:10; Jeremiah 8:10
    • see also Giving man's wife to another -- God
    see also Troubled times and marriage
    see also Wife as harlot

    Wine at wedding

  • John 2:1-11

    • Winning a wife through valorous deeds

  • Joshua 15:16-17; Judges 1:12-13; 1 Samuel 18:25-27; 2 Samuel 3:14
    • see also Bride price
    see also Working for a wife

    Wisdom as female

  • Wisdom, especially 8:2; Sirach, especially 15:1-2; Baruch 3:15
    • see also God as female
    see also Truth as female
    see also Understanding as female

    Wives

  • Genesis 2:24; 6:18; 7:7-13; 8:15, 18; Exodus 22:16; Leviticus 21:13-15; Deuteronomy 3:19; 13:6; 28:54; 29:11; Psalm 128:3; Proverbs 5:18; 31:10-31; Ecclesiastes 9:9; Zechariah 12:12-14; Malachi 2:14-15; 2 Esdras 10:22; Wisdom 3:12; Sirach 7:15; 9:1; 25:8, 20; 26:1-4, 13-18; 33:19; 36:22-26; 40:19; Baruch 6:28, 33; Matthew 19:8; 1 Corinthians 7:2-6; Ephesians 5:21-33; Colossians 3:18-19; 1 Peter 3:1-7
    • see also Duty of wives
    see also Husbands
    see also "Vessel" as metaphor for woman

    Wives brought to battle

  • 3 Maccabees 1:4 (tentative)

    • Wives demanding of husbands

  • Amos 4:1
    • see also Headship

    Wives destroyed with husbands

  • Numbers 16:27-33; Deuteronomy 11:6; Daniel 6:24; Additions to Esther 13:6 = 3:13f; Bel and the Dragon 21-22; 1 Maccabees 2:38; 3:20; 2 Maccabees 12:3-4; 3 Maccabees 3:25; Acts 5:1-11
    • see also Wives punished with husbands
    see also Women destroyed with men

    Wives disobedient to husbands

  • Esther 1:16-22
    • see also Headship

    Wives flee with husbands

  • 1 Maccabees 2:30

    • Wives may save husbands

  • 1 Corinthians 7:14, 16; cf. 1 Peter 3:1
    • see also Husbands may save wives ... 1 Corinthians 7:14, 16

    Wives of priests -- Jewish priests

  • Luke 1:5
    • see also Priests and marriage

    Wives of priests -- non-Israelite priests

  • Baruch 6:28, 33; Bel and the Dragon 10, 15, 20, 21

    • Wives punished with husbands

  • Numbers 16:27-33; Deuteronomy 11:6; Jeremiah 51:22 (tentative); Daniel 6:24; Additions to Esther 13:6 = 3:13f; Bel and the Dragon 21-22; 3 Maccabees 3:25; Acts 5:1-11; 8:3 (dubious); 9:2 (dubious); 22:4 (dubious); cf. 1 Maccabees 13:45
    • see also Women destroyed with men
    see also Women punished with men

    Wives subject to husbands

  • Romans 7:2; Ephesians 5:22-24; Colossians 3:18; 1 Timothy 2:11 (tentative; that this submissiveness refers to a husband-wife relationship fits 1 Corinthians 14:35); Titus 2:5; 1 Peter 3:1, 5-6
    • see also Headship
    see also Husbands subject to wives

    Wives supporting husbands

  • Sirach 25:22
    • see also Jesus and women: Women supporting Jesus and entourage

    Wives taken from husbands

  • Judges 14:20; 15:2; Jeremiah 6:11-12; 8:10; 1 Maccabees 11:12

    • Woman as image

  • 2 Esdras 9:38-10:27, 41-50; 1 Maccabees 2:9-11

    • Woman created for man

  • 1 Corinthians 11:8-9 (contrast 11:12); cf. 1 Timothy 2:13-14

    • Woman encompassing a man

  • Jeremiah 31:22
    • see also Headship
    see also Polyandry

    Woman of the Apocalypse

  • Revelation 12:1-6, 13-17
    • see also Babylon as woman
    see also Mary, mother of Jesus

    Woman of virtue

  • 2 Esdras 16:49

    • Woman of wickedness

  • Zechariah 5:5-11; Sirach 25:13, 16-19, 23-26; 26:7-12; 42:6, 13-14
    • see also Adultery of female
    see also Babylon as woman
    see also Harlotry

    Woman under care of brother

  • 2 Samuel 13:20

    • Woman under care of father

  • Leviticus 22:12-13; Numbers 30:4-5, 16; Sirach 42:9-11; 4 Maccabees 18:7
    • see also Daughters as causing anxiety for fathers

    Woman under care of husband

  • Leviticus 22:12-13; Numbers 5:29; 30:6-16; Sirach 33:19; 4 Maccabees 18:9
    • see also Polygyny

    Woman under care of man

  • Esther 2:7, 20; John 4:18 (a tentative interpretation: the Samaritan woman had been widowed five times and was now under the care of one of her kinsmen, perhaps her father); 1 Thessalonians 4:3-8, especially vs. 6 (tentative)
    • see also Headship

    Woman under care of son

  • Leviticus 22:13 (tentative); 1 Samuel 4:19-21 (tentative); 2 Samuel 14:7 (dubious); Tobit 4:3; contrast Sirach 3:2
    • see also Orphan boy under instruction of grandmother

    Woman's tent

  • Genesis 18:6; 24:67; 31:33; Judges 4:17
    • see also Leaving parents (the male)
    see also Polyandry

    Womb

    see also Abortion
    see also Barrenness
    see also Bodies
    see also Conception
    see also First-born
    see also Miscarriage
    see also Pregnancy
    see also Quickening
    see also "Quiver" as metaphor for vagina
    see also Still birth
    see also "Thigh" as euphemism for female pudenda
    see also Womb

    Womb as image

  • Psalm 110:3

    • "Womb" as word comfortable in speech and imagery

  • Job 1:21; 3:10; 24:20; 38:29; Psalm 22:9; 58:2; 72:6; 110:3; Ecclesiastes 5:15; Is 46:3-4; 2 Esdras 4:40-41; 5:35, 46-48; 8:8-9; 10:12; 16:38; Wisdom 7:2; Sirach 1:14; 40:1; 2 Maccabees 7:22, 27; 4 Maccabees 13:19-20; Matthew 19:12; Luke 1:15, 40-44; 2:21; 11:27; 23:29; John 3:4; Acts 3:2; 14:8

    • Womb blessed

  • Luke 11:27; 23:29; Gospel of Thomas 79

    • Womb's blessing

  • Genesis 49:25; Psalm 127:3

    • Womb's fruit blessed

  • Genesis 25:23; Deuteronomy 7:13; 28:4, 11; 30:9; Psalm 127:3-5; ; Luke 1:42; contrast Deuteronomy 28:18; Wisdom 3:12
    • see also Children a gift

    Women and Jesus

    see Jesus and women

    Women and male strength

  • Judges 16:4-21; Proverbs 31:3

    • Women and treatment by men

    see Treatment of women

    Women and valuation

    see Valuation of persons

    Women as church workers

    see also Paul's married helpers
    see also Priscilla and Aquila

    Women as church workers (possibilities)

    Women as contributors to the text of Scripture

    Women as heirs

    see Heirs (female)
    see Zelophehad's daughters

    Women as heroic

  • Judges 5; 2 Maccabees 7:20-21, 41; 4 Maccabees 1:8-11; 14:11-17:7; 18:23

    • Women as literate

  • Luke 1:60 (tentative; how else did Elizabeth know to name her child John if the mute Zacharias had not written it down for her? Cf. verse 13. Apparently he had not written it down for anyone else. Cf. verse 59)

    • Women as part of the assembly of Israel

  • Exodus 35:20-22; Deuteronomy 29:11; 31:12; 2 Chronicles 20:13; 31:18; Joel 2:16; 1 Esdras 8:91; 9:40-41l; 4 Maccabees 4:9

    • Women as persecutors

  • Acts 13:50
    • see also Jezebel

    Women as prominent

  • Acts 17:4, 12

    • Women as prophets

  • Isaiah 8:3; Ezekiel 13:17; Joel 2:28; Acts 2:17-21; 21:9

    • Women as righteous

  • Luke 1:6

    • Women as spoils of war

  • Genesis 34:29; Numbers 14:3; 21:29; 31:9, 15-18, 35, 40, 46-47; Deuteronomy 20:14; 21:10-14; 28:41; Judges 5:30; 1 Samuel 30:1-6, 18-25; 2 Kings 5:2; 2 Chronicles 28:8-15; 29:9; Isaiah 14:2; Jeremiah 41:10; 48:46; Ezekiel 30:18; Nahum 2:7; Judith 4:12; 9:4; 16:5; 1 Maccabees 1:32; 5:13, 23; 8:10; 13:6 (dubious); 2 Maccabees 5:24; cf. Isaiah 10:2; 2 Maccabees 5:14
    • see also Capture leading to marriage
    see also Servants (female)
    see also Slaves (female) and sexual relations
    see also Wives brought to battles
    see also Women share in spoils

    Women assembled

  • Acts 16:13

    • Women battered

  • 2 Esdras 15:51 (batterer not identified)

    • Women categorized

    see also Human beings categorized as men, women, and eunuchs
    see also Virgins

    Women destroyed with men

  • Deuteronomy 2:34; 3:6; Judith 7:27 (tentative); 2 Maccabees 5:13; 12: 21, 26; 4 Maccabees 17:1 (suicide)
    • see also Wives destroyed with husbands
    see also Wives punished with husbands

    Women evicted

  • Micah 2:9

    • Women help prepare the dead

  • Luke 24:1

    • Women in a pejorative sense

  • Isaiah 19:16; Jeremiah 51:30; Nahum 3:13; Sirach 42:13-14; cf. 2 Timothy 3:6-7

    • Women in occupations

    see also Prostitution involving commercial exchange (female)
    see also Servants (female)
    see also Women rule
    see also Perfume

    Women's work

  • Tobit 2:11

    • Women mastering emotions

  • 4 Maccabees 14:11-12

    • Women not counted

  • Matthew 14:21; 15:38; Luke 9:14

    • Women punished with men

  • Jeremiah 51:22; 2 Maccabees 7:1, 41; Acts 8:3; 9:2; 22:4
    • see also Wives punished with husbands

    Women rule

  • Genesis 36:40-41 (Timna and Oholibamah; tentative); 1 Chronicles 1:51-52 (tentative); Isaiah 4:12; 1 Esdras 3:12; 4:13-34; Acts 8:27 (Candace)
    • see also Athaliah
    see also Queen of Sheba
    see also Women in occupations

    Women rule households

  • Exodus 1:21; 2 Kings 8:1-2 (tentative); Proverbs 31:10-31; Acts 16:14-15 (tentative); 1 Timothy 5;14; contrast Genesis 41:40; 1Kings 4:6; Psalm 105:21; Isaiah 36:22; 37:2; Matthew 24:45; Luke 12:42; Acts 7:10; 1 Timothy 3:4-5, 12; contrast 1 Maccabees 9:55
    • see also Household codes

    Women saved through childbearing

    see Childbearing as means of salvation

    Women serving at tabernacle

  • Exodus 38:8; 1 Samuel 2:22

    • Women share in spoils

  • Psalm 68:12

    • Women silenced

  • Sirach 25:25; 26:14 (tentative); 1 Timothy 2:12 (tentative)

    • Women to keep silent in the churches

  • 1 Corinthians 14:34-35; 1 Timothy 2:12 (dubious; may have broader application or may refer only to husband-wife relationship)

    • Women to learn from husbands

  • 1 Corinthians 14:35; 1 Timothy 2:11 (tentative)

    • Women's stages of life

    see Stages of life (females)

    Wooing as image

  • Wisdom 8:18, 21

    • Working for wives

  • Genesis 29:15-30; 31:14-16 (tentative); 31:41; Exodus 3:1 (dubious); Hosea 12:12
    • see also Bride price
    see also Winning a wife through valorous deeds

    Yoked unequally

  • 2 Corinthians 6:13-18

    • Zelophehad's daughters

  • Numbers 26:33; 27; 36; Joshua 17:3; 1 Chronicles 7:15
    • see also Endogamy
    see also Inheritance of women

    Zimri and Cozbi

  • Numbers 25:6-18
    • see also Intermarriage with Midianites -- Zimri
    see also Phineas

    Zipporah and Moses

  • Exodus 2:21; 18:2
    • see also Intermarriage with Midianites -- Moses
    see also Polygyny of Moses

     

    ODD NOTES

     

    The Apocrypha

     

    Tobit 6-8 ... A marriage

    Wisdom 3:13-4:1 ... Childlessness and "transgression of the marriage bed"

    Sirach 9:1-9 ... advice to a man concerning women

    Sirach 25:12-25 ... the wicked woman

    Sirach 26:1-18 ... The good wife in contrast to the evil wife

    Sirach 42:0-14 ... A father's care for his daughter

     

    Sundry

     

    Commandments not to be added or deleted ... Dt 4:2

    Right in own eyes ... Dt 12:8

    Kiddushin from root meaning holy

    First draft compiled in the 1970s

    This draft begun November 15, 1997

    Sample posted, June 10, 1998 (levirate duty, monogamy, polyandry, polygyny)

    New url, January 28, 2004

    Full document posted, June 23, 2006

    Last modification, December 12, 2011

    Copyright ©1997-2011 by Norman E. Anderson

    Your feedback is welcome!

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