Frequency Synthesis by Phase Lock, 2nd Ed.

Contents • 3 basic types of    frequency synthesizers    but primarily    phase-locked synthesizers • from basic synthesizer to advanced architectures • important components    — frequency dividers    — phase detectors • spectral purity • acquisition of lock &    acquisition aids • sampling effects   (important at extreme bandwidths) • computer-aided engineering

Features • Phase-Lock Basics is good    background but Synthesis book    is self-contained. • Examples & problems    (with answers) • Second- and third-order    analysis and curves • Phase-detector crossover distortion    analysis and solutions • Phase-noise curves for many    oscillator types • CAE programs compared • Simulation using MATLAB(R) — with various phase detectors     — sampling accurately simulated

Frequency Synthesis by Phase Lock can now be searched and pages can be read on-line.
Go to Amazon.com, click the title or picture of the book, and follow the instructions there.

Cross References to new editions: When Phase-Lock Basics (PLB) was written, it contained a number of references to material in the first edition of Frequency Synthesis by Phase Lock (FS). A table is included on p. 597 of the second edition of FS (FS2e) to permit the reader to find the equivalent material in FS2e. That table is not needed by readers of the second edition of PLB (PLB2) because PLB2 provides references directly to FS2e. However, FS2e has extensive references to PLB, so a document (.pdf), listing material in PLB2 that is equivalent to referenced material in PLB, is provided here.

New Material:

Quantization Noise in Sigma-Delta Synthesis, Eq. (8.74) mod for Sampling Effects

Appendix 8.D: Diaphantine Frequency Synthesizers (loop2tune.m) (loopxtune.m)

Downloads:

   Information about the book

Contents Index Preface Summary Author

   Selected Files (See the book for more complete explanations.)

SynCP.m MATLAB script:

      Simulates synthesizers that use a charge-pump phase detector.
Here is the output from a simulation. The lower picture shows the phase-detector output.
       The upper one shows the frequency (computed at each edge of the charge-pump pulse).

The loop and the transient are described in the MATLAB command window:
            Loop with Charge-Pump Phase-Frequency Detector
            Kp = 2; KLF = 160000; Kv = 1e+06;
            Fp1 = 0.01 Hz; Fz = 300 Hz; Fp2 = 1000 Hz;
            Fref = 40000 Hz; N goes from 250 to 225;
            Frequency from 1e+07 Hz to 9e+06 Hz;
            Phase from 0.00100313 cycle to 0.001 cycle;
            Simulated Time 0.00197 seconds

We can expand a chosen portion of this picture.
       (Time units have changed from milliseconds to 0.1 milliseconds.)

Or we can show other interesting response plots, like this phase-plane plot.

SynCP.m can be downloaded and run on Student MATLAB v. 4 or 5 or on a professional
         version that includes the Control Systems Toolbox.
To download, click here, then on SynCP.m

New version of Gsmpl available.

A new version of Gsmpl [Frequency Synthesis by Phase Lock, 2nd Ed., p. 341] that is compatible with Macintosh System 10.5 is available. Previous versions for the Macintosh required the Classic environment, which is not available on System 10.5. The new version provides closed-loop responses in addition to the open-loop responses.

GSmpl is a command-line (not GUI) application that computes the open-loop transfer function including a selectable number of pairs of additional components that account for sampling, which occurs in real synthesizer loops. The portion of a session shown here illustrates the effects of sampling in a particular loop. Without sampling (first data set), there is 45 degrees phase margin at 200 Hz. When sampling is included (second set), the gain and phase lag increase, giving only 30 degrees phase margin at about 240 Hz. (Frequency limits can be narrowed to magnify the region near zero gain.)

Part of a Gsmpl Sesson

To download the original GSmpl, click here and then on the version for your computer (.exe for PC, PPC for power-pc Mac, 68 for old 68K Macs). To download the new version for Mac System 10.5 (illustrated above), click here. Some parameter files are also included in the folder to get you started.

A tutorial, Using Gsmpl, provides more information, including instructions for its use. The tutorial also shows how an Excel spreadsheet can be used to obtain Bode and Nyquist plots and to obtain the closed loop Gain/N from the older versions of Gsmpl.

Gardner has shown [Phaselock Techniques, 3rd Ed., p. 275,6] stability limits for type-2, third-order, loops with sampling. The tutorial shows that Gsmpl gives the same results. However, Gsmpl also allows determination of stability margins as parameters are moved from the stability limits.

All files at Wiley web site for Frequency Synthesis by Phase Lock, 2nd Ed.:   frequency_synthesis files

Updates: current errata

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About MATLAB(R)

All MATLAB scripts (programs) run on Student MATLAB and on the professional version with the appropriate toolboxes. Many scripts require the Control Systems toolbox and a few require the Signal Processing toolbox. Scripts have been tested with Student MATLAB versions 4 and 5, in which the necessary toolboxes were included, and with professional versions 5.2, 5.3, and 6.

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