Bones of the Back

1. occipital bone
   • external occipital protuberance
   • superior nuchal lines
2. cervical vertebrae (7)
3. thoracic vertebrae (12 pairs)
4. lumbar vertebrae (5)
5. fused sacral vertebrae (5)
6. iliac crest
7. scapula
8. ribs

Vertebral Column and 3 Typical Vertebrae and Their Parts

• cervical (convex anteriorly)
• thoracic (concave anteriorly)
• lumbar (convex anteriorly)
• sacral (concave anteriorly)

• spine (1)
• lamina (2)
• transverse process (3)
• pedicle (4)
• vertebral notch (5)
• body (6)
• vertebral foramen (*)